Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply
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Transcript of Lecture 03 Energy Demand and Supply
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Energy Demand and Supply
Dr. M. Subramanian
Associate Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering
Kalavakkam 603 110, Kanchipuram (Dist)
Tamil Nadu, India
03-Jan-2011
CH2356 Energy Engineering
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Contents
Energy consumption pattern
Electricity demand and supply
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Rate of world energy usage in terawatts (TW)
(1965-2005)
Global energy consumption rate (2006): 16 TW03-July-2009 M Subramanian
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Fossil Fuel Depletion
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Energy Consumption Per capita (GNP) (2004)
India: 0.7 kW; Bangladesh: 0.2 kW (least)
The US consumes 25% of the world's energy (with a share of the world population
at 5%).03-Jan-2011 M Subramanian
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Oil consumption per capita
BP Statistical Review of World Energy, July 2009
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BP Statistical Review of World Energy, July 200903-Jan-2011 M Subramanian
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Oil Price Variation
3rd January 2011
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Energy Use by Sector
27%Energy losses in generation and transmission
5%Commercial uses (lighting, heating andcooling of commercial buildings, and provisionof water and sewer services)
11%Residential heating, lighting, and appliances
20%Personal and commercial transportation
37%Industry (agriculture, mining, manufacturing,and construction)
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Electricity
A typical generators output of electricity is only 25-35% ofthe energy input to produce steam
About 5 10% of the energy content of electricity is lost intransmission and distribution
Heating water in a tea-kettle using electricity takes three tofour times the amount of energy required than heating thewater directly by flame. Heating is not a good use ofelectricity. A better use is providing lighting and runningappliances.
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Electricity Consumption
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Energy type dedicated to electricity(2004)
Electricity generation consumes all nuclear and hydro sources, nearly all
renewables, about two-thirds of coal, and a little under 40% of natural gas
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Worlds Electricity Generation (2002)
US generated 24% of Worlds electricity generation
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Rate of total energy consumption (in 2004): 420 GW
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1,50,323.41Total
13.524,987.75Private Sector
34.049,580.99Central Sector
52.576,504.67State Sector%ageMWSector
Total Installed Capacity of Electricity Generation in India
(As on July 31, 2009 , Source CEA)
1,51,073.41Total
7.713,242.41Renewable EnergySources (MNRE)
2.94,120.00Nuclear
24.736,916.76Hydro (Renewable)
0.91,199.75Oil
10.516,385.61Gas53.379,208.88Coal
64.696,794.24Total Thermal
%ageMWFuel
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Demand and Supply of Electricity in India
11689.0774.32008-09
9.9666.0739.32007-08
9.6624.5690.62006-07
8.4578.8631.62005-06
7.3548.1591.42004-05
7.1519.4559.32003-04
8.8497.6545.72002-03
% ShortageAvailabilityRequirement
ENERGY (Billion Units)Year
By 2031-32, the power generation capacity must increase to nearly800 GW from the current capacity of 151 GW.
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Rural Electrification Status
World:
It is estimated that more than 1/4th of the worlds population,
amounting about 1.5 billions of people around the world, still lackaccess to electric energy. About 85% of these populations live inrural areas, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
India:
As of 2005, about 380 million of people living in 71.7 millionhouseholds do not have access to electricity
As on March 2004, the electrification was at 80.84%; and this has
improved only to 83.8% by March 2009
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