Lecture 01 Introduction Engineering Graphics

8/13/2019 Lecture 01 Introduction Engineering Graphics

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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology

ME-102 Engineering Graphics

Lecture #: 01

Introduction

Lecture By: Muhammad Jawad Qarni

Research Associate

Office # G-14 - FME

Email: [email protected]


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Muhammad Jawad Qarni, RA-FME, GIK Institute Page 2 of 37

Course Outline

Role of graphics in engineering

Drawing instruments and equipment

2D and 3D space relationship

Multiview and orthogonal representations

Pictorial drawings and free hand sketching

Sectional views

Auxiliary views development

Dimensioning and tolerancing

Fasteners and connectors

Production drawings Computer-aided drawings and drafting


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Text Book and Other Resources

Text Book: Technical Graphics Communication 3rd

edition by Eric N. Wiebe and Garry R. Bertoline

Lectures, Soft Copy of the Book and for other

information, Please visit FME homepage

http://192.168.151.150/


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Grading Policy (Subject to Change)

Quizzes = 4% (2 Mega Quizzes)

Assignments = 6% (At least 4)

Lab = 30% 20% ED Hall + 10% AutoCAD

Mid Exam = 20%

Final Exam = 40%


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Drawing

A drawing is a graphical representation of objects and

structures and is done using freehand, mechanical orcomputer methods.

A drawing serves as a graphic model or representation

of real object or idea.



Engineering Graphics

It refers basically to the use of drawings to represent

design ideas, configurations and specifications and touse analysis required for an engineering project.



Engineering Drawing

An engineering drawing is a set of drawings that

communicates an idea, design, schematic or model. Engineering drawing is an universal graphic language,

known as the language of engineers.

It is used by engineers to develop and record their ideas

and transmit them to others for execution.



Engineering Drawing

Engineering drawing can express the complete

information about any object with exactness and details.

Different types of drawing

For e.g. mechanical engineers need productions drawing

to manufacture a component or assembly.



Typical Engineering Design CycleProblem

Identification

Preliminary

Ideas

DesignRefinement

Analysis

Optimization

Documentation



Sketching Process


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Graphics in Design Process

Technical graphics is a real and complete language used

in the design process for:

1. Visualization

2. Communication

3. Documentation


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Visualization

Visualization is the ability to mentally picture things that

are not there.

Ability to visualize problem solutions and communicate

them through sketches is one of the most important skill

of a designer.


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Communication

Refinement of your initial sketches

so that your design solution can be

communicated to others withoutambiguity.

Usually done by creating a three

dimensional (3D) model


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Documentation

Is a process to permanently record

that solution.

2D drawing follow strict standard

practices.

These standards are the languageused to communicate graphically.


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Standards

Standards are sets of rules that govern how technical

drawing are presented.

Some common standards are:

ANSI: American national standard institute

ASME: American society of mechanical engineers.

ISO: International standard organization.

JIS: Japanese standards

MIL: U.S. Military


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Instruments

In order to create a manual engineering drawings various

instrument are used.

They are.


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Drawing Boards

Size:

1000(mm) x 1500(mm)


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Compass

The compass is used to draw

circles and arcs of varying

diameters.

T S


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T-Square

T-Square is used for drawing parallel

horizontal lines and also as a base for set

squares, for drawing vertical, inclined ormutually parallel lines.

The stock of the T-square moves over the

working edge of the drawing board.

The working edge of the blade should be

perfectly straight.

Stock Drawing Edge

Blade

S t S


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Set Squares

A set square or triangle is an object used in technical drawing,

with the aim of providing a straight edge at a particular point to a

baseline. The most simple form of set square is a triangular piece of

transparent plastic.

Drawing

perpendicular lines.

Drawingparallel lines.

S l (R l )


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Scales (Ruler)

mm

inch

The international organization that

established the metric standard is

ISO. The system is called theInternational System of Units.

Mostly use millimeter scale

Conversion (Inch to mm)

1(1 inch) = 25.4 mm

F h C


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French Curves

They are made mostly of plastic

and come in various shapes.

French curves are used fordrawing curves which cannot be

drawn with a compass.

The curves should be drawn with

a single stroke, so that no cornersare formed.

They are used for drawing many

non-circular curves on graphic

charts and for plotting motion,

forces and engineering graphs.

P il


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Pencils

The following will be used in labs..

1 H 2 H HB

Drawing Sheet Sizes


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Drawing Sheet Sizes

Drawing Sheet Size Size in mm Size in inches

A0 1189 x 841 46.81 x 33.11

A1 841 x 591 33.11 x 23.39

A2 594 x 420 23.39 x 16.55

A3 420 x 297 16.55 x 11.69

A4 297 x 210 11.69 x 8.27

A5 210 x 148 8.27 x 5.84

A6 148 x 105 5.84 x 4.13

Common Line Types


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Common Line Types

Visible Lines: Represent the outline of the object. Continuous

thick lines.

Hidden Lines:Used to show the hidden part of the drawings.

Center Lines:Used to indicate the axes of cylinder, cone etc.

Phantom Lines: Used to indicate an alternate position of a

moving component.

2mm 1mm

Common Line Types (Contd )


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Common Line Types (Contd)

Cross Section Lines:Used to show the edges of a cutting plane.

Dimension Lines:Thin continuous lines. Terminate with an arrow

head.

Extension Lines:Are continuous lines used in dimension lines. A

gap of about should be maintain these lines and the visible lines

of an object.

Dimensions (mm or inch)

Types of Lines


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Types of Lines

Types of Lines


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Types of Lines

Sketching Techniques


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Sketching Techniques

Engineering Drawing Rules


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Engineering Drawing Rules

Always use a sharp edge pencil.

Make all lettering the same size.

Use engineering paper (A3, A2 etc)

Freehand Technical Lettering


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LETTERS (Normal)

LETTERS (compressed)

LETTERS (Extended)

Proportions

Freehand Technical Lettering

Single stroke letters

General Proportions of letters No fix standards for proportions of standards

It should be such that it looks pleasant to eyes

Pencil Techniques


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Pencil Techniques

The best pencil for lettering on

most surfaces are the 1H, 2H,

and HB grades.

Hold your pencil in the position

shown. It should make

approximately a 60

o

angle withthe paper.

Lettering


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Lettering

The style of engineering lettering we will use in the lab is

Single Stroke Gothic Lettering

An example of the characters is shown on next slide

Notice that only capital letters are demonstrated, since

we will use only capital letters on drawings

Title Box


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Title Box

Name: A B C

Reg #: 2009XXX

Title :

Date : 19 JAN 2009

8

8

8

8

100

Note: All dimensions are in mm.

Assignment #1: Lettering Good Old Fashioned Way:


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Assignment #1:Lettering Good Old Fashioned Way:

Guidelines:

Note the letters width to height

ratio is 3/4 (like the "B") to 1 (like

the "A" or the "O"). In some cases,

like the "W", the ratio is actually

greater than 1.

Also note, the letters are drawn on

horizontal guide lines. The guide

lines used for the figure were

originally 3/16" (the height of the

letters) with 1/16" of space

between each line.

Spacing between letters shouldbe consistent and not too tight.

Submit this in your respective labs

next week.

Optical Illusion


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Try to follow the path of

water in this picture

Optical Illusion


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Thank you

Lecture 01 Introduction Engineering Graphics

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