Lect -male reproductive organs
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
SMS ??????
Dr. Mohanad r. alwan
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EXTERNAL GENITALIA OF THE MALE
PENIS
TESTIS
EPIDIDYMIS
VAS DEFERENS
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EXTERNAL GENITALIA
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PENIS
• Male organ of copulation
• Outlet for urine and semen
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PENIS
• male organ through which the urethra passes
• and is necessary for urination and sexual intercourse.
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PENIS• Root
• Body
• Glans Penis
• Anterior – Dorsal surface
• Posterior – Ventral surface
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ROOT OF THE PENIS
• The root is attached to the abdominal and pelvic wall.
• Crura – a pair
• Bulb
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ROOT OF THE PENIS
• midline
• urogenital diaphragm
• traversed by urethra
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BODY : 3 ERECTILE CAVERNOUSTISSUE
2 corpus cavernosum
1 corpus spongiosum
tunica albuginea
in buck’s fascia (superficial fascia)
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BODY – CROSS SECTION
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Ischial tuberosity
Corpus cavernosum
Corpus spongiosum
Fig. : A. Penis. B. Cross section through the body of penis Back
BODY
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BODY
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GLANS PENIS
Distal end of the corpus spongiosum
2 Corpus cavernosum do not reach the glans
Base – Corona of Glans
Neck of penis
Corpus cavernosum
Corpus spongiosum
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GLANS PENIS external
urethral meatus
prepuce connected to the glans by the frenulum
prepuce sac
prepuce glands (sebaceous glands)
smegma (carcinogenic)
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GLANS PENIS
Fossa navicularis – part of urethra in the glans penis
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VENOUS DRAINAGE
INTERNAL PUDENDAL VEINS
VESICOPROSTATIC PLEXUS
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Lymphatic drainage - Penis
Skin into the medial group of the superficial inguinal LN
Deep structures into the internal iliac nodes
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Male UrethraA tubular structure which conducts urine from the bladder to
the exterior at the external urinary meatus at the tip of the penis
In male it is a common pathway for the flow of urine and semen
Parts
Internal urethral meatusProstatic urethraMembranous urethra – the shortest and narrowest – from
the prostate gland to the bulb of the penis, after passing through the perineal membrane
The penile urethra lies in the corpus spongiosum of the penis and terminates at the external urethral orifice in the glans penis
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Two urethral sphincters
The internal sphincter – smooth muscle at the neck of the bladder above the prostate gland
The external sphincter – striated muscle fibres surrounding the membranous part
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» Outpouching of the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall
» Contains testes, epididymis, lower ends of the spermatic cord
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•The scrotum is a loose pouch of skin that hangs outside the body from the lower abdominal region behind the penis.
•The testes sit inside the scrotum.
What is the scrotum?
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The Testes (two egg-shaped structures) remain in the Scrotum, outside the body, where the temperature is about 3 degrees C Cooler than the body internal temperature (37 degrees C).
Sperm development in the Testes Requires the Lower Temperature.
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1. Scrotal skin
2. Superficial or Dartos fascia
3. External spermatid fascia
4. Cremaster muscle & fascia
5. Internal spermatid fascia
6. Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis
7. Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
8. Tunica albuginea of testis
Fig. : Cross section through scrotum & testis
8 layers covering the testis :
(External oblique apo)
(Internal oblique muscle & fascia)
(Transversalis fascia)
(Peritoneum)
(Peritoneum)
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Spermatid cordContents
- Ductus deferens
- Testicular artery
- Artery of the ductus deferens
- Cremasteric artery
- Pampiniform plexus
- Sympathetic nerve fibres
- Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
- Lymphatic vessels
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Lymphatic drainage -scrotum Skin and fascia
including the tunica vaginalis into the Medial group of the Superficial inguinal LN
Deep structures into the internal iliac nodes
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Firm, mobile organ
In the scrotum (3° lower)
Left testis is lower
Surrounded by tunica albuginea
Testis
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Back
TESTIS - CAPSULE
visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
tunica vasculosa
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Dense fibroelastic conn. tissue
Network of blood vessels
TESTIS – CAPSULE
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Back
Accumulation of urine & blood (straddle injury) in the cavity of tunica vaginalis
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TESTIS
Lobules
Seminiferous tubules
Straight tubules
Rete Testis
Efferent Ductules
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Back
TESTIS –PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS
Venous plexus (posterior border of the testis) level of deep inguinal ring – a single testicular
veins left into left renal vein & right into IVC
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BLOOD SUPPLY
TESTICULAR ARTERIES
TESTICULAR VEINS
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Lymphatic drainage - testis
para-aortic lymph nodes anastomosis with para-
aortic intrathoracic LN cervical LN TESTIS NECK
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EPIDIDYMIS
All sperm must pass through the epididymis when they leave the testis and undergo an important 'maturation' process that allows them to swim and fertilize the egg.
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What is the epididymis?
Highly coiled tube (or duct) that lies at the back of the testes (POSTEROLATERAL)
Connects the seminiferous tubules in the testis to another single tube called the vas deferens.
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Lies posterolateral to the testis
Head, body, tailSinus epididymis -
laterally (groove between the testis and epididymis)
EPIDIDYMIS
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What is the vas deferens?
• the tube that connects the epididymis to the urinary tract (urethra) at the back of the bladder, via the ejaculatory duct.
• The main function of the vas deferens and ejaculatory duct is to transport the mature sperm and seminal fluid to the urethra.
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Vas deferens – scrotal portions
• Anatomical location: scrotal, inguinal and reproperitoneal portions.
• ascends along the posterior border of the testis and medial side of the epididymis
(posteromedial to the testis)
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Vas deferens – inguinal portion
• curves around the lateral side of the inferior epigastric artery
• and ascends for about 2.5 cm. in front of the external iliac artery
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Vas deferens – pelvic cavity
• Descends on the medial side of the obliterated umbilical artery and the obturator nerve and vessels
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VAS DEFERENS
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VASECTOMY
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» a tube that is formed by the joining of the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle.
» empties into the urethra.
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Seminal vesicles
Fibromuscular pouches lined with columnar epithelium
Lie on the posterior aspect of the bladder Lower end : a duct joins vas deferens and forms
an ejaculatory ductEjaculatory ducts pass through prostatic urethra
carrying seminal fluid and spermatozoa to the urethra
The seminal vesicles secrete and expel a viscous fluid that helps to keep the spermatozoa alive
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» main function is to produce a fluid which protects and enriches sperm.
» Secretions from the prostate contribute to approximately 40% of the fluid volume ( SEMEN) of the ejaculate however the functions of the substances in the prostatic fluid are not entirely known.
» a small yet important organ (or gland) found only in the male reproductive system.
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LOCATION OF THE PROSTATE
Urinary bladder
PROSTATE
Urogenital diaphragm
* Lies in the lesser pelvis (pelvic cavity)
* Surrounds the prostatic urethra
* Beneath the urinary bladder and above the urogenital diaphragm
Fig. : Sagittal section
Fig. : Posterior view
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LOBES OF THE PROSTATE
Anatomically, prostate are divided into 5 lobes :
1)One anterior lobe
2)One posterior lobe
3)One median or middle lobe
4)Two lateral lobes
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PROSTATE GLANDLOBES
• 1 anterior lobe
• 1 posterior lobe
• 1 median lobe
• 2 lateral lobes
Anatomically divide
Prostatic urethra & ejaculatory duct
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CAPSULES OF THE PROSTATE Prostate is surrounded by 2 capsules
They are the true capsule and false capsule
Prostatic urethra Glands of urethra
Prostatic sinus
Urethra crest
Prostatic venous plexus
True capsule
False capsule
• Inner layer
• A thin strong layer of connective tissue at the periphery of the gland
• Outer layer
• A condensation of pelvic fascia
• between the 2 capsules
Horizontal section
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ANOTHER CLASSIFICATION OF THE PROSTATE Prostate consists of:
1) Peripheral zone
2) Central zone
The glandular tissues is distributed in 3 separated groups:
a) Mucosal glands
b) Submucosal glands
c) Main or principal glands
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Fig. : Cross section of the prostate
CENTRAL ZONE
PERIPHERAL ZONE
• account for 25% to 75% of glandular tissues
• duct of the glands mainly open into prostatic sinuses
• surrounded by peripheral zone
• duct of the glands open into prostatic sinuses and colliculus seminalis
Back
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Mucosal glands
Submucosal glands
Main/Principal glands
Fig. : Cross section of the prostate
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Mucosal glands
• inner periurethral glands
• lies in the mucosal layer of the urethra
• open directly into the urethra
• situated in the middle lobe
Fig. : Cross section of the prostate
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Submucosal glands
• outer periurethral glands
• surrounds the mucosal glands
Fig. : Cross section of the prostate
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Main or principal glands
• lies peripherally
• constitute the bulk of the glands
Fig. : Cross section of the prostate
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•Site of origin for carcinoma of the prostate
• Main glands
•Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Mucosal and submucosal glands
Clinical significance :Clinical significance :
PERIPHERAL ZONE
CENTRAL ZONE
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• The tubuloalveolar glands of the prostate are formed by a cuboidal or a columnar pseudostratified epithelium.
• An exceptionally rich fibromuscular stroma surrounds the glands.
• The prostate is surrounded by a fibroelastic capsule rich in smooth muscle. Septa from this capsule penetrate the gland and divide it into lobes that are indistinct in adult men.
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Prostatic urethra - verumontanumTransurethral resection – verumontanum
(colliculus seminalis) is an important landmark
Most distal landmark of the prostate during TURP procedure
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Venous drainage of the prostate
dorsal veins of the penis
Deep
Superficial
Fascia of the penis
False capsule
Internal iliac vein
Vesicoprostate venous
plexus
Sacral venous plexus
Vertebral venous plexus
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VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE PROSTATE
Vesicoprostatic venous plexus
• located between the true and false capsules
• run at the groove between bladder and prostate
Deep dorsal veins of the penis
b) Vertebral venous plexus
‘No valve’
(also communicate)
a) Internal iliac vein
(receive)
(drain backward)
C/I : Spread of prostate cancer
Vertebral column, Thoracic cavity, Skull and Brain
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The importance of Denonvilliers’s fascia in
surgery :
• Demarcation line between the prostate and the rectum
• Prevents the spread of cancer cells between the prostate and the rectum
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