Lec1-ST Introduction Handouts

8/3/2019 Lec1-ST Introduction Handouts

1/14

Lecture 1 Introduction to the

sustainable tourism concepts

and issues

Nguyen Duc Hoa Cuong MSc.TM MBA

Autumn 2011

Objectives

1. Explain the meaning of sustainable

development and its application to

tourism

2. Tourism and sustainability

3. Making tourism more sustainable

4. Mechanisms for maximizing benefits for

the poor.


2/14

1. Meaning of sustainable development

Sustainable development is a

process to meet the needs of the

present without compromising the

ability of future generations to

meet their own needs (WorldCommission on Environment and

Development, 1987)

Husbandary of the worlds

resources;

Equity in using resources and

distributing benefits.

1. Meaning of sustainable development

Three dimensions or pillars of

sustainable development: (Agenda21 the plan of actions from the UN

Conference on Environment and

Development in Rio de Janeiro, 1991

World Summit on Sustainable

Development in Johannesburg, 2002)

Economic sustainability

Social sustainability

Environmental sustainability.


3/14

2. Sustainability and Tourism

On the positive side, tourism can:

Provide a source for enterprise development, employment

creation and local services;

Bringing a tangible economic value to natural and cultural

resources;

Be a force for inter-cultural understanding and peace.


Consersely, tourism can:

Place a direct pressure on fragile ecosystems;

Compete for the use of scare resources, notably land and water;

Be a significant contributor to the local and global pollution.


4/14


Thien Minh Group:


Chua Xu Lady Temple and Festival:


5/14


From specialties and souvenirs

To polution from craft villages...


The UNWTO has given the full definition of sustainable tourism as:

Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic,

social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors,

the industry, the environment and host communities.


6/14


12 aims for an

agenda for

sustainable

tourism:


How can they benefit from tourism?


7/14


An experience fromNepal

- Village tourismdevelopment

- Communityorganization,emowerment andcolective benefits

- Entrepreneurship

- Sale of localproducts

- Conservation of

traditional culturalidentity

- Protection ofenvironment andnatural resources.

4. Mechanisms for maximizing

benefits for the poor

The ways of channelling visitor spending and associated

investments into improved income and quality of life for people

in poverty.


8/14



1. Employment of the poor in tourism

enterprises

2. Supply of goods and services to tourism

enterprises by the poor or by enterprises

employing the poor

3. Direct sales of goods and services to

visitors by the poor (informal economy);

7 different ways in which the poor can benefit directly or indirectly from tourism :



4. Establishment and running of

tourism enterprises by the

poor (formal economy)

5. Tax or levy on tourism income

or profits with proceeds

benefiting the poor

6. Voluntary giving/support by

tourism enterprises and

tourists

7. Investment in infrastructure

stimulated by tourism.


9/14



Benefits for tourism businesses:

Making the enterprise more locally

distinctive

Reducing staff turnover

Generally creating a more

supportive commercial and political

environment.

1. Employment of the poor in tourism enterprises:



Increasing the occasions on

which a preference is exercised

for local applicants in recruitment

processes

Providing relevant skills training,

including opportunities for people

to progress within the business

Offering flexible working hoursand part time contracts

Making short part time work

available to a large number of

people.

How to promote employment of local people?


10/14



Advantages for tourism businesses:

The provision of fresh and locally

distinctive food for guests

Enhancing the character of their

establishment

Reduced supply costs.

2. Supply of goods and services to tourism businesses:



Improving information networks

Auditing local businesses

existing sources of supply, and

identifying suitable alternatives

Encouraging direct retailing of

carefully sourced local products

Business and technical advice

and relevant financial support, to

local suppliers

Stimulating and supporting co-

operative arrangements among

small suppliers.

How to promote supplies to local businesses?


11/14



3. Direct sales of goods and services to

visitors:

The poor sell produce or services

directly to tourists

This is the informal economy.



How to promote informal economy?

Organise and manage the informal

sector in new ways

Training and capacity building

Visitor flows - the location of trading

points

Access to simple support and advice,

including finance

Links with the formal sector.


12/14



4. Tourism enterprises by the poor:

Four indicative types of enterprise development:

An individual enterprise

A group of individual enterprises

A community owned enterprise

A private sector enterprise having concessions or

entering into a partnership with local

community.



How to promote local enterprises?

Participatory planning of tourism activities

Capacity building within poor communities

Negotiating joint ventures with private sector businesses

Development of business support schemes.


13/14



5. Tax or levy on tourism income or profits with proceeds

benefiting the poor:

Revenues that are earned by national or local government from

tourism, that can be used for alleviation of poverty

Taxes and levies can also be raised locally, and used within

local communities.



How to promote taxes and levies?

Reviewing taxation policy at a national level

Encouraging more local level schemes to raise

revenue

Transparency and consultation in development

of new local taxation schemes.


14/14



6. Voluntary giving and support by tourism

enterprises and tourists:

Encouraging operators to work together on such

schemes in local areas

Working with NGOs to establish beneficiary

schemes and then promoting these to operators

Considering a wide range of ways in which

enterprises can support neighbouring communities

Improving publicity to visitors on opportunities to

support these schemes.



7. Investment in infrastructure stimulated by tourism:

Involving local communities in tourism planning in their area at

an early stage

Using planning gains and other regulations to derive community

benefits from any new development

Profiling tourism in infrastructure development programmes,

nationally and locally.

Lec1-ST Introduction Handouts

Documents

Transcript of Lec1-ST Introduction Handouts