Lec1-course outline-classification of Engg Materials .ppt
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Transcript of Lec1-course outline-classification of Engg Materials .ppt
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110
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ENGINEERING MATERIALS (Ch.E-101)
Credit Hours
Theory + Practical (3) (0)
WECWEC
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Introduction to Engineering Materials
“Because without materials, there is no
engineering.”
Scope:
Provide an introduction to the science and
engineering of materials e.g., metals, ceramics,
polymers, composites and semiconductors
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ENGINEERING MATERIALS (Ch.E-101)Course Outline
Introduction to the concepts of stress & strain applied to Chemical Engineering Design.
Mechanical & Thermal Properties & the applications of the
following materials of construction;
Iron & Steel;
Nickel;
Hastelloy;
Copper Alloys;
Aluminum & Its Alloys;
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ENGINEERING MATERIALS (Ch.E-101)Course Outline
Lead;
Titanium & Tantalum;
Phase Equilibrium Diagrams of Stainless Steel;
Polymeric Materials;
Composite materials;
Glass;
Stoneware; Acid-resistant bricks & tiles. Special materials of construction. Introduction to Corrosion & its types.
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Engineering Materials Properties & Selection (8th ed.) by kenneth G. Budinski, Michael K. Budiniski
William F. Smith. “Principles of Materials Science & Engineering” McGraw Hill.
Properties of engineering materials by R.A. Higgins
Recommended Books
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Objective
To understand
&
to have basic concept of Engineering
Materials
&
various types of engineering materials
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The Structure of Materials (Origin)
Fuels, chemicals,oils, paints, foods
polymers, soils, natural resins
CO2,CO
Acids, water, bases, chemicals.
Metals, ceramics, composites, glasses
Chlorine, argon, helium
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ENGINEERING MATERIALS-AN INTRODUCTION
Materials can be defined as anything which
satisfies the human needs
or
Materials are substances of which some thing is
composed or made of.
Since civilization materials are in use by people
to improve their standard of living.
Materials are everywhere about us in the
shapes of products.
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ENGINEERING MATERIALS-AN INTRODUCTION
Commonly encountered materials are wood
(timber), concrete, bricks, steel. plastic, glass,
rubber, aluminum, copper and paper etc.
If we look around we can easily realise that there
are many more kinds of materials. These new
types of materials are being frequently
developed as a result of constant research and
development.
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The world of materials
Metals,alloys
Ceramics,glasses
Polymers,elastomers
Hybrids, composites
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The world of materials
Polymers,
elastomers
Ceramics,
glasses Hybrids,
composites
Metals,
alloys
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The term engineering materials is specifically used to refer materials to produce technical products.
Materials engineering is based largely on the pure sciences of chemistry and physics.
All materials obey the laws of physics and chemistry in their formation, reactions and combinations.
Engineering materials
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Engineers design products and their processing systems for the production of these products.
Products require materials Engineers should have the knowledge of engineering
materials i.e. an engineer should be knowledgeable about
the structure and properties of the materials
so that he is able to select the most suitable ones for each application and he is able to develop best processing methods.
Engineering materials
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Classification of Engineering materials
Most of the Engineering materials can be
classified into main following categories :
1. Metallic materials
2. Polymeric materials
3. Ceramic materials
4. Composite materials
5. Electronic materials
6. Advance materials
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Structure of materials
Crystalline materials have regular geometrical shape in which atoms have characteristic regular and repetitive three dimensional arrangement
Examples of crystalline materials are metals, alloys and some ceramic materials.
Amorphous materials in which atoms do not have characteristic regular and repetitive three dimensional arrangement e.g glasses & plastics
The physical structure of solid materials depends on the arrangement of the atoms, ions or molecules and the bonding forces between them.
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Metallic materials
These are inorganic substances which are
composed of one or more metallic elements.
Examples of metallic elements are Iron,
Copper, Aluminum. Non-metallic elements
such as Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen may
also be contained in the metallic materials.
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Metallic materials Metals have
crystalline structure, when solid
good thermal and electrical conductivity,
good strength and ductility
can be plastically deformed on the
application of load without fracturing
opaque, reflective, shiny if polished
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Metallic materials
Metallic materials are further classified into
ferrous, and non-ferrous materials.
Ferrous materials contain large percentage
of iron such as steels and cast irons and
Non-ferrous materials that do not contain
iron or only relatively small amount of iron.
Example of non-ferrous metals are Al, Cu,
Zn, Ti, & Ni.
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Several uses of steel and pressed aluminum.
Metals
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The word polymer is actually taken from two
Greek words, Poly = many and mer =
repeating units or parts.
Polymeric materials are usually long organic
molecular chains i. e., compounds of C & H.
So the polymeric materials are organic
compounds having many repeated units,
e.g., Teflon, Nylon 6,6, Polythene etc.
Polymeric materials
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Polymeric materials
Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding sharing
of e’s
Soft, ductile,
low strength,
low density
thermal & electrical insulators
Optically transparent.
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Polymers include “Plastics” and rubber materials
Polymers
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The word ceramics actually is taken from the Greek word “ Keramos “ = burnt stuff / Clay.
Ceramics are inorganic materials consisting of metallic & non-metallic elements chemically bonded together unlike metallic materials.
They may be crystalline, non-crystalline or mixtures, e.g., refractories.
Ceramic materials
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Ceramic materials
Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) –
compounds of metallic & non-metallic
elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides,
sulfides)
Hard, Brittle,
non-conducting (insulators)
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Examples of ceramic materials ranging from household to high performance combustion engines which utilize both metals and ceramics.
Ceramics
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Composite materials are mixtures of
two or more materials to produce
properties that are not produced in a
single material, e.g., Fiber glass,
concrete, plywood etc.
Composite materials
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The useful properties which can be
produced in such materials are: strength,
stiffness,
hardness,
temperature resistance, corrosion
resistance,
conductivity etc.
Composite materials
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Polymer composite materials: reinforcing glass fibers in a polymer matrix.
Composites
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Electronic materials are used in electronics,
especially microelectronics, e.g., Silicon,
Germanium & Gallium Arsenide etc.
In Semiconductors the bonding is covalent
(electrons are shared between atoms).
Their electrical properties depend strongly on
minute proportions of contaminants (e.g. Si,
Ge, GaAs)
Electronic materials
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Si wafer for computer chip devices.
Semiconductors
Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
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Classification, cont. Metals
Steel, Cast Iron, Aluminum, Copper, Titanium, many others
Ceramics Glass, Concrete,
Brick, Alumina, Zirconia, SiN, SiC
Polymers Plastics, Wood,
Cotton (rayon, nylon), “glue”
Composites Glass Fiber-
reinforced polymers, Carbon Fiber-reinforced polymers, Metal Matrix Composites, etc.
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Types of Materials- summary
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The Materials Selection Process
1. Pick Application Determine required Properties
2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)
3. Material Identify required Processing
Processing: changes structure and overall shapeex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping forming, joining, annealing.
Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,magnetic, optical.
Material: structure, composition.
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Thanks
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Thermal properties are related to transmission of heat and heat capacity.
Mechanical properties – response to mechanical forces, strength, etc.