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    Introduction to Computer

    EngineeringCS/ECE 252, Fall 2012

    Prof. Guri Sohi

    Computer Sciences DepartmentUniversity of Wisconsin Madison

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    Computers Everywhere

    Cell phone

    Laptop

    Tablet Servers for Facebook, Twitter, Instagram,

    etc.

    All Computers

    Software/Hardware separation key

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    Computers!

    Engineers and scientists of all disciplines rely oncomputers for many aspects of their work Not just word processing, spreadsheets, CAD, etc.

    Computational methods, data mining, analysis/synthesis are

    fundamental to advances in many fields Many of the advanced techniques used in todays

    microprocessors were invented right here at UW

    Some of the most renowned computer designresearchers in the world are on our faculty

    There is a near-100% likelihood that a Wisconsingraduate helped design the computer or processor thatyou own

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    Phenomenal Growth

    8MB Disk Pack

    6 Disk

    IPod (160GB) (160GB/8MB = 20,000x)

    Computer useful & then 20,000x better!

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    $16 base; 60% growth

    Year Salary Comments

    0 $16 Base

    3 $64 Still live at home

    15 $16K Buy car 24 $100K Buy house

    36 $300M Need fundamentally newways to spend money

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    Performance Growth

    Unmatched by any other industry ![John Crawford, Intel]

    Doubling every 18 months (1982-1996): 800x

    Cars travel at 44,000 mph and get 16,000 mpg Air travel: LA to NY in 22 seconds (MACH 800)

    Wheat yield: 80,000 bushels per acre

    Doubling every 24 months (1971-1996): 9,000x Cars travel at 600,000 mph, get 150,000 mpg

    Air travel: LA to NY in 2 seconds (MACH 9,000)

    Wheat yield: 900,000 bushels per acre

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    This Course

    This course will:

    Help you understand the significance and pervasivenessof computers in todays society and economy

    Teach you how computers really operate and how they

    are designed Introduce you to concepts that students in the Computer

    Engineering degree program learn in depth over fouryears

    Prepare and motivate you for study in this degreeprogram

    Will count towards GCR introduction to engineeringrequirement

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    Go Over Web Page

    http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~sohi/cs252/Fall2012/

    Instructor & TAs

    Textbook

    Lecture NotesSchedule

    Computing and Simulator

    Grading

    Exams

    Homework

    http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~sohi/cs252/Fall2012/http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~sohi/cs252/Fall2012/

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    Course Outline

    Prerequisite none

    Major topics in course Introduction to computers and computing

    Information representation and manipulation Logic elements and combinational Logic

    Sequential Logic and Memory

    Simple computer organization, design and operation

    Machine language and instruction set architecture Assembly language

    Programming constructs

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    Advice

    Textbook read BEFORE corresponding lecture Homework completed in study groups

    Will reinforce in-class coverage

    Will help you prepare for midterm exams Study Groups

    Groups of 2, should meet weekly, learn from each other

    Review material, complete homework assignments

    Each submitted homework should include consensus-based statement of work

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    Sample Homework Stats

    SP10-1 SP10-2 F10 F11HW 1 103.1 103.6 103.7 93.7

    HW 2 91.3 87.4 83.8 92.7

    HW 3 97.0 94.3 89.2 82.0

    HW 4 91.6 88.9 69.6 88.4

    HW 5 89.7 82.5 85.2 88.2

    HW 6 73.1 70.1 74.9 89.1

    HW 7 74.6 68.8 94.2 58.1HW 8 89.5 70.2 74.6 73.9

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    Sample Exam Stats

    Exam SP10-1 SP10-2 F10 F11

    Exam I 90.8 88.0 80.9 87.2

    Exam II 82.5 79.1 85.6 83.8

    Exam III 77.2 70.5 67.8 64.0Exam IV 77.9 74.3 75.3 76.0

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    Technology

    Technology advances at astounding rate 19th century: attempts to build mechanical

    computers

    Early 20th century: mechanical counting systems(cash registers, etc.)

    Mid 20th century: vacuum tubes as switches

    Since: transistors, integrated circuits

    1965: Moores law [Gordon Moore]

    Predicted doubling of capacity every 18 months Has held and will continue to hold

    Drives functionality, performance, cost Exponential improvement for 40 years

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    Applications

    Corollary to Moores Law:

    Cost halves every two yearsIn a decade you can buy a computer for less than itssales tax today. Jim Gray

    Computers cost-effective for National security weapons design

    Enterprise computing banking

    Departmental computing computer-aided design

    Personal computer spreadsheets, email, web

    Pervasive computing prescription drug labels

    Countless industries revolutionized

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    Some History

    Date Event Comments

    1947 1st transistor Bell Labs

    1958 1st IC Jack Kilby (MSEE 50) @TI

    Winner of 2000 Nobel prize1971 1st microprocessor Intel (calculator market)

    1974 Intel 4004 2300 transistors

    1978 Intel 8086 29K transistors

    1989 Intel 80486 1M transistors

    1995 Intel Pentium Pro 5.5M transistors

    2006 Intel Montecito 1.7B transistors

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    Abstraction and Complexity

    Abstraction helps usmanage complexity

    Complex interfaces

    Specify what to do Hide details of how

    Goal: Use abstractions yet

    still understand details

    Electronic circuits

    ECE340

    Digital Design

    CS/ECE352

    Computer Architecture

    CS/ECE552

    Machine Language (ISA)

    CS/ECE354

    CompilerCS536

    Application Program

    CS302

    Operating System

    CS537

    Scope of thiscourse

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    Computer As a Tool

    Many computers today are embedded Fixed functionality

    Appliance-like

    Not really programmable by end user

    Not the focus of this course! Instead, programmable computers

    Learn to think of computer as a tool

    Program? Algorithm or set of steps that computer follows

    Human brains wired to work this way


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