Lec. biostatistics introduction

Public Health Methodologies

Biostatistics

[email protected]

3/3/2012 Dr. Riaz A. Bhutto 2

Data

• Data is a collection of facts, such as values or measurements.

OR

• Data is information that has been translated into a form that is more convenient to move or process.

OR

• Data are any facts, numbers, or text that can be processed by a computer.

3/3/2012 4Dr. Riaz A. Bhutto

Statistics

Statistics is the study of the collection,summarizing, organization, analysis, andinterpretation of data.


Vital statistics

Vital statistics is collecting, summarizing,organizing, analysis, presentation, andinterpretation of data related to vital eventsof life as births, deaths,

marriages, divorces,

health & diseases.


Biostatistics

Biostatistics is the application of statisticaltechniques to scientific research in health-related fields, including medicine, biology,and public health.


Descriptive Statistics

The term descriptive statistics refers to statistics that are used to describe. When using descriptive statistics, every member of a group or population is measured. A good example of descriptive statistics is the Census, in which all members of a population are counted.


Inferential or Analytical Statistics

Inferential statistics are used to drawconclusions and make predictions based on theanalysis of numeric data.


Types of Data

• Raw or Primary data: when data collected having lot of unnecessary, irrelevant & un wanted information

• Treated or Secondary data: when we treat & remove this unnecessary, irrelevant & un wanted information

• Cooked data: when data collected not genuinely and is false and fictitious


Types of Data – cont.

• Ungrouped data: when data presented or observed individually. For example if we observed no. of children in 6 families

2, 4, 6, 4, 6, 4

• Grouped data: when we grouped the identical data by frequency. For example above data of children in 6 families can be grouped as:

No. of children Families

2 14 3 6 2

or alternatively we can make classes:

No. of children Frequency2 - 4 45 - 7 2


Variable

A variable is something that can be changed, such as a characteristic or value. For example age, height, weight, blood pressure etc


Types of Variable

Independent variable: is typically the variable representing the value being manipulated or changed. For example smoking

Dependent variable: is the observed result of the independent variable being manipulated. For example ca of lung

Confounding variable: is associated with both exposure and disease. For example age is factor for many events


Lec. biostatistics introduction

Technology

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