OSTEOLOGY OF THE

SKULL

Bruce L. Manion, Ph.D.

OJECTIVES

Be able to identify the bones of the skull.

Be able to identify foramina transmitting vessels and nerves mentioned in lecture.

Be able to describe the bones and structure of the orbit.

Be able to describe the bones and structure of the nasal cavity.

Be able to describe the bones and structure of the cranial fossae and their contents.

OJECTIVES

Be able to identify the major sutures of the skull and the bones forming them.

Be able to describe the concept of fontanelles in the developing skull and

know the landmarks in the adult skull

indicating the location of the anterior and

posterior fontanelles.

ANTERIOR VIEW OF THE SKULL

Mental

Foramen

Frontal Bone

Zygomatic

Bone

Maxillae

Nasal Bone

Supraorbital

Foramen

Superciliary

Ridge

Infraorbital

Foramen

Piriform

Aperture

Mandible

Mental

Protuberance

Orbit

Mental

Tubercle

Mental

Foramen

Eric M Romain

Eric M Romain(I'm circling things I don't already know on this slide)

LATERAL VIEW OF THE SKULL

Parietal Bone

Occipital

Bone

Greater Wing of the

Sphenoid Bone

Frontal Bone

Nasal

Bone

Zygomatic

Bone

Maxillae

Coronal Suture

Lambdoid

Suture

Inferior

Temporal Line

Superior Temporal

Line

Temporal Bone

External Acoustic

meatus

Mastoid

Process

Styloid

Process

Temporomandibular Joint

Mandible

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Eric M Romain**actually, see "skull osteology guide" in exam 6 folder on Dropbox. It details the bone subparts we need to know.

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Pterion

Zygomatic

Arch

Eric M Romain

Eric M RomainTemple. Bad to be hit here. This area is called temple because of the root: time. In time, hair begins to gray. It usually begins graying here.

Grooves for

meningeal

vessels

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Eric M RomainCreated because growing bone will not grow over a blood vessel or the like; it grows around it

POSTERIOR VIEW OF THE SKULL

*

* *

* *

Parietal

Bone

Occipital

Bone

Lambdoid

Suture

Sagittal

Suture

Mastoid

Process

Foramen for

Emissary Vein

Mastoid

Foramen

* Intrasutural bones

External Occipital

Protuberance

Superior Nuchal line

Inferior Nuchal Line External Occipital

Crest

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Eric M Romain2 parietal bones

Eric M RomainParietal bones and occipital bone

Eric M RomainThe 2 sutures we should know:

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Eric M RomainCrests are raised where muscles pull to reinforce bone.

SUPERIOR VIEW OF THE SKULL

Frontal Bone

Parietal Bone

Coronal Suture

Sagittal Suture

Lambdoid Suture

Foramen for

Emissary Vein

Bregma

Occipital Bone

Lambda

Superior and

Inferior Temporal

Lines

INFERIOR VIEW OF THE SKULL

* *

Palatine

Bone

Occipital

Bone

External Occipital

Crest

Foramen Magnum

Maxillae

Zygomatic

Bone

Temporal

Bone

Greater

Wing of

Sphenoid

Stylomastoid

Foramen

Jugular

Foramen

Foramen Ovale

Foramen

Spinosum

Carotid Canal

* Pharyngeal Tubercle

Styloid Process

Vomer

*

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Eric M RomainTemporalis m passes deep to z arch

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Occipital

Condyle for

articulation

with Atlas

Vertebra

Hypoglossal

Canal

Lateral and

Medial

Pterygoid

Processes * *

Eric M RomainPterygoid = "wing-like"

INTERIOR VIEW OF THE CALVARIA

Coronal Suture

Sulci for

arteries

and veins

Lambdoid

Suture

Diplo, cancellous

bone of the skull

Granular Pits

for Arachnoid

Granulations

Frontal Bone

Parietal Bone

Sulcus for

Superior Sagittal

Sinus

Occipital Bone

Eric M Romain

Eric M RomainCalvaria is the "cap" part of the skull. Soup bowl.

Eric M RomainDural venous sinuses

Eric M RomainBetween 2 layers of dense bone

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INTERIOR VIEW OF BASE OF SKULL

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Eric M RomainMore openings in bottom of skull because so many nerves and blood vessels are coming and going between brain and rest of body

Foramen

Magnum Foramen

Magnum

Frontal Bone

Lesser Wing of

Sphenoid Bone

Greater Wing of

Sphenoid Bone

Crista Galli of Ethmoid Bone

Cribriform Plate of

Ethmoid Bone

Optic Canal

Superior

Orbital Fissure

Foramen

Ovale

Foramen

Spinosum

Jugular

Foramen

Foramen

Rotundum

Petrous Portion

of Temporal

Bone

Internal Occipital Crest

Internal Occipital Protuberance

Parietal Bone

Body of Sphenoid

Occipital Bone

Eric M Romain

Eric M RomainThese pictures (this entire lecture) is only meant to complement the osteology of skull file in exam 6 folder on Dropbox.

Foramen

Magnum

Anterior Clinoid

Process

Posterior

Clinoid Process

Hypophyseal

(Pituitary)

Fossa

Sulcus for

Sigmoid Sinus

Sulcus for

Transverse Sinus Clivus

Mastoid

Foramen

Internal Acoustic

Meatus

Jugular

Foramen

Carotid

Groove

Eric M RomainMajor path for venous drainage

Eric M RomainHolds pituitary gland

INTERIOR LATERAL VIEW OF SKULL

Frontal

Bone

Frontal

Sinus

Parietal Bone

Occipital

Bone

Sphenoid Sinus

Hypophyseal Fossa

Internal Acoustic Meatus

Crista Galli

Perpendicular

Plate

Vomer

Maxillae

Coronal Suture

Lambdoid

Suture

Sulcus for

Sigmoid Sinus

Hypoglossal Canal

Cribriform Plate

Eth

moid

Bone

Palatine Bone

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Eric M RomainOne of the sinuses that an become infected and give you sinus headaches

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Eric M RomainThe place where surgeons enter skull to reach pituitary gland

Mastoid

Air Cells

Pituitary

Fossa

Splenoidal

Sinus

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CRANIAL FOSSAE

Anterior Frontal lobes of brain,

olfactory bulbs and tracts

and cribriform foramina

Middle Temporal lobes of brain,

pituitary gland, foramina

rotundum, ovale and

spinosum, superior orbital

fissure and optic canals

Posterior Midbrain, pons and medulla of the

brain stem, cerebellum, foramen

magnum, jugular foramen, internal

acoustic meatus hypoglossal

canal, condylar canal and mastoid

foramen

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Eric M Romain"Make sure you remember what parts of the brain are in each fossa"

Frontal Suture,

disappears in adult

Anterior

Fontanelle,

future site of

bregma in adult

Sagittal

Suture

Posterior

Fontanelle,

future site of

lambda in adult

Lambdoid

Suture

Coronal

Suture

FONTANELLES

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Eric M RomainDo know these relationships

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Anterior Fontanelle

FONTANELLES