Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )
-
Upload
hossam-ronaldo -
Category
Engineering
-
view
1.009 -
download
7
Transcript of Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )
![Page 1: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Pavement Engineering
What is a Pavement? A structure built on existing ground to facilitate
rapid, safe, reliable & comfortable traffic movement
Pavement engineering involve the study of:
• Pavement Materials
• Pavement Structural Analysis
• Pavement Design
• Pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation
• Pavement Management Systems
![Page 2: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Pavements are designed based on
“serviceability”
Serviceability is an indication of how
good a ride the traveling public gets!
![Page 3: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Pavement Structure
![Page 4: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of Pavements
Flexible Pavements
Rigid Pavements
![Page 5: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Flexible Pavement Surfaces
![Page 6: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Hot Mix Asphalt Surface
Hot Mix Asphalt Binder Course
Stabilized Base
Granular Subbase
Natural Subgrade
Prime Coat
Prime Coat
Tack Coat
Typical Flexible Pavement Configuration
- High Traffic Volume
![Page 7: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Hot Mix Asphalt Surface
Granular Base
Natural Subgrade
Prime Coat
Typical Flexible Pavement Configuration
- Low Traffic Volume
![Page 8: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Typical Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete
(HMAC) Paving Operation
![Page 9: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Asphalt Concrete Paving
![Page 10: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Seal Coat Pavement (a.k.a. Chip Seal, Surface Treatment)
![Page 11: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Surface Treatment (or Seal Coat or Chip Seal)
Granular Base
Natural Subgrade
Typical Flexible Pavement Configuration
- Low Traffic Volume
![Page 12: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Seal Coat Construction – Asphalt Spray
![Page 13: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Seal Coat Construction – Aggregate Spread
![Page 14: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Seal Coat Construction – Rolling
![Page 15: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Rigid Pavement Surfaces
![Page 16: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Portland Cement Concrete Surface Slab
Stabilized Base
Granular Subbase
Natural Subgrade
Prime Coat
Prime Coat
Typical Rigid Pavement Configuration
- High Traffic Volume
![Page 17: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Portland Cement Concrete Surface Slab
Granular Base
Natural Subgrade
Prime Coat
Typical Rigid Pavement Configuration
- Low Traffic Volume
![Page 18: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Paving of a Concrete Pavement
![Page 19: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Types of Rigid Pavements
Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP)
Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement (JRCP)
Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP)
Pre-stressed Concrete Pavements (PCP)
![Page 20: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Types of Rigid Pavements
Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP)
![Page 21: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Types of Rigid Pavements
Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement (JRCP)
![Page 22: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Types of Rigid Pavements
Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP)
![Page 23: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Types of Rigid Pavements
Prestressed Concrete Pavement (PCP)
![Page 24: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Use of Aggregates in
Pavement Construction
Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete (HMAC)
Portland Cement Concrete (PCC)
Granular Base and Subbase Layers
Seal Coats
![Page 25: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Classification of Aggregates
Based on Origin (Natural & Artificial)
Based on Density of Particles
– Normal Weight (SG 2.5-2.8); Lightweight (SG 1.5-2.0)
Based on Method of Processing (Crushed/uncrushed)
Based on Affinity to Water
– Hydrophilic (siliceous); Hydrophobic (Carbonaceous)
Based on Particle Size
– Coarse Aggregate (Larger than #4 sieve)
– Fine Aggregate: #4(4.75mm) to #200 sieves (75 m)
– Mineral filler (finer than #200 sieve)
![Page 26: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Natural & Artificial Aggregate Types
Natural aggregates from:
Igneous Rocks (Granite)
Metamorphic Rocks (Marble, Gneiss, Quartzite)
Sedimentary Rocks (Limestone, Dolomite,
Sandstone, Caliche)
Artificial aggregates from:
Byproducts of Industrial Processes (Blast-furnace
slag; Iron-ore gravel)
Manufactured Aggregates (Lightweight aggregate,
Hydrated fly ash)
![Page 27: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Coarse & Fine Crystals - Igneous Rocks
![Page 28: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Microstructure of Limestone & Marble
- Sedimentary vs. Metamorphic
![Page 29: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Excavation
![Page 30: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Crushing
![Page 31: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Transportation
![Page 32: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Sizing
Stockpiling
![Page 33: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Some Distinct Aggregates
Concrete
Sand
Screenings
¾” Crushed
Limestone
1” Crushed
Gravel
3/8” Pea Gravel
3/8” Crushed
Trap Rock
![Page 34: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Criteria for Selection of Aggregates
Stabilized (Bound) Materials
Compatibility with binder
Durability -Resistance to freeze-thaw, degradation
Stability (or strength) of the Mix
Unstabilized Materials
Strength
Durability
Drainability
Low frost susceptibility
![Page 35: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Important Aggregate Properties
Gradation (ASTM C-33)
Specific Gravity & Absorption (ASTM C-127, C-128)
Hardness or Resistance to Wear (ASTM C-131)
Durability (Resistance to wet-dry, freeze-thaw, heat-cool)
Shape and Surface Texture
Deleterious Substances (ASTM C-40, C-142)
Surface Chemistry
Particle Crushing Strength
Standard Tests by ASTM, AASHTO, State DOTs
![Page 36: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Los Angeles Abrasion Test
Before
After
![Page 37: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Soundness Test
Before After
5 Cycles of Soaking and Oven Drying
Magnesium Sulfate or Sodium Sulfate Solution
![Page 38: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Aggregate Gradations
Continuous Gap Uniform
![Page 39: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
* Uniformly graded
- Few points of contact - Poor interlock (shape dependent)
- High permeability
* Well graded - Good interlock
- Low permeability
* Gap graded
- Only limited sizes - Good interlock - Low permeability
Types of Gradations
![Page 40: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Aggregate Size Definitions
Nominal Maximum Aggregate
Size
– one size larger than the first sieve to
retain more than 10%
Maximum Aggregate Size
– one size larger than nominal
maximum size
100 100 90 72 65 48 36 22 15 9 4
100 99 89 72 65 48 36 22 15 9 4
![Page 41: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Aggregate Moisture States
![Page 42: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Asphalt Concrete Mixes
![Page 43: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Asphalt Concrete
3-phase system (aggregate, asphalt cement, air)
Mix design to achieve maximum stability
– Aggregate type & gradation
– Asphalt content (% by weight of total mix)
– % Air voids
Mix design methods
– Marshall Method
– Hveem Method
– Superpave Method
![Page 44: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Marshall Mix Design
Method
Compaction
Testing
![Page 45: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
SHRP (Superpave®) Gyratory
Compactor
![Page 46: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Design Parameters
Six Mix Design Parameters
– Stability
– Flow
– Unit weight of compacted mix
– Voids in mineral aggregate (VMA)
– Percent voids in mix
– Voids filled with asphalt (VFA)
Mix Design Method
– Calculate asphalt content for maximum stability, maximum unit weight and median air voids (4%)
– Average the three asphalt contents above
– Check 6 parameters for compliance with design criteria
![Page 47: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Asphalt Concrete Phase
Diagram
Aggregate Solids
Absorbed Asphalt
Effective(free) Asphalt
Air Voids VAV
VEA
VAGG
VT
MAGG
MAA
MEA
MT
MTA
![Page 48: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Distresses in Flexible Pavements
![Page 49: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Pothole
![Page 50: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Rutting
![Page 51: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Alligator Cracking
![Page 52: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Longitudinal Cracking
![Page 53: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Transverse Cracking
![Page 54: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Block Cracking & Edge Cracking
![Page 55: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Flushing & Bleeding
![Page 56: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Raveling in HMAC & Seal Coats
![Page 57: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Failures
![Page 58: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Airfield Pavement Failure
![Page 59: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Airfield Pavement Failure
![Page 60: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Distresses in Rigid Pavements
![Page 61: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Longitudinal & Transverse Cracking
![Page 62: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Corner Crack & Diagonal Crack
![Page 63: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Spalling
![Page 64: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Faulting
![Page 65: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Punchout
![Page 66: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Failures
![Page 67: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Failed Crack
![Page 68: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Shattered Slab
![Page 69: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Pumping from Slab Edge
![Page 70: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Polished Aggregate & Scaling
![Page 71: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Blow-Ups (Buckling & Shattering)
![Page 72: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Condition
Assesement
![Page 73: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
![Page 74: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
PhotoLog Van
![Page 75: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
CT Photolog
![Page 76: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Pavement Profiling
Laser
and
Acceler-
ometer
in here
![Page 77: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Pavement Profile
![Page 78: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
US24 Pavement Profile
WB High Freq.
The high frequency roughness does not have a significant affect on truck dynamics
![Page 79: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
US24 Pavement Profile
WB Low Freq.
Low frequency variations are long bumps that can get trucks bouncing
![Page 80: Lec 09 Pavement Design ( Transportation Engineering )](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051122/58881c641a28ab083c8b6c47/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
US24 Pavement Profile
EB Low Freq.