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Submitted to Mr. GP Sharma

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3EXECUTIVE SUMMARYLeather and Leather Products sector is one of the important sectors among the variousconstituents of the manufacturing sector in India, mainly due to its contribution towardsemployment. It is one of the unique sectors which have the advantage of the both valueaddition and export potential. It also contributes significantly to total manufacturing outputand exports from the country.

Leather industry has massive potential for employment, output growth and export. The sectoris one of the top eight foreign exchange earners worth over Rs. 10000 crores per annum andaccounts for 3% of the global leather-related trade of Rs. 387200 crores. An estimated 15%of total purchase of leading global brands in footwear, garments, leather goods &accessories in Europe, and 10 percent of global supply is outsourced from India. Leatherindustry has undergone dramatic transformation in the recent years from a mere exporter ofraw materials in the sixties to that of value added finished products in the nineties.The Indian leather industry comprises of both organized and unorganized and organizedsectors. The organised manufacturing sector broadly consists of tanning and dressing ofleather manufacture of luggage, handbags saddlery, harness and footwear. Currentlyunorganized sector plays a dominant role in the entire production. The small scale, cottageand artisan sectors account for over 75 per cent of the total production and majority of thembelong to unorganized sector. Though footwear is produced by both large and small scalesector, the small scale sector has almost 90 per cent share in the total production of footwearin India.

4India’s leather and leather products exports have been growing at 6.80% per annum during1991-92 to 2007-08. Major export destinations are Germany, USA, UK, Italy and HongKong. India’s exports of finished leather have been growing at the rate of 6.42% during1993-94 to 2007-08. Hong Kong is one of the major export destinations of finished leatherproducts. Hong Kong cornered the largest share (42%) of India’s finished leather export in2007-08.Leather Footwear: India’s exports of leather footwear have been growing at the annual rateof 3.50% during 1991-92 to 2007-08. The leading importer of Indian leather footwear is UKfollowed by Germany, USA, Italy, etc.

Leather Goods: India’s exports of leather goods have been decreasing at the rate of 2% perannum during 1991-92 to 2007-08 period. Germany’s position as the major destination ofIndia’s leather goods exports during the early 90’s has changed drastically. UK, Spain,Netherlands, Australia, UAE and Belgium have all increased their imports from India.

Leather Garments: Leather garments exports from India have been decreasing at the annualrate of 2.46% during 1995-96 to 2007-08. Germany is the leading importer of leathergarments during 2007-08. The share of Belgium and Canada has increased over the years.Leather garments exports to Germany, Italy, USA, France, UK and Netherlands declined overthe years.

5Leather Footwear Components: India’s exports of leather footwear components have beendecreasing at an annual rate of 2.27% during 1995-96 to 2007-08. India’s exports of leatherfootwear components have increased to Spain, Portugal, France, Switzerland, Slovakia,Austria and Hungar, Italy, Germany and France are the major importers of Indian LeatherFootwear components.Saddlery and Harnesses: India’s exports of saddlery and harnesses have been increasing atthe annual rate of 8.96% in the period of 1995-96 to 2007-08. However, the export shares ofUSA, Germany, France, Netherlands and Australia have been declining.Globalisation and Prospects for Indian Leather SectorCurrently India has a share of 2.3 per cent (i.e. US $ 2 billion) of global trade of leather andleather products. India has a large and growing middle class of about 250 million people withgood purchasing power. Global players in the leather business, big or small are todayfocusing increasingly on India's domestic market.

The livestock is the raw material for the leather industry. Cattle, buffaloes, goat and sheepare the four live stock species which provide the basic raw materials for the leather industry.India ranks first among major livestock holding countries in the world. In fact, India has thecapacity to fulfil 10% of the global leather requirement. The annual availability of 218million good quality pieces of hides and skins is the main strength of the industry. Along withrich endowment of raw materials, the industry has access to abundant supply of cheap labour.Over the years through government support the industry has been able to develop its R & Dfacilities considerably. Though there is much to be done in order to meet the challenges ofglobalization, the industry has established a sound base for the same.

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Tools & Equipment Used in Leather Goods Making

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8Tutorial How to make

a Soccer's ball

Step by step

Stitching and assembling of panels.The stitching of two panel’s pentagon and hexagon there are different

steps.1. To stitch the first panels hexagon and second are pentagon2. To after second are stitch the pentagon edge to stitch of hexagon3. After stitch the five panels hexagon and one is pentagon4. An to after stitch thane panels pentagon and second panels hexagon5. To regular stitch in five panels pentagon and five panels hexagon6. To after stitching of six panels and ten panels stitch the joint 7. That called semi round stitching 8. To after to semi rounded to attached after stitch in to before9. To attached the bladder10.The after stitching of football etc.

9REQUIRED MATERIAL

1) 12 Panel of pentagonal.2) 20Panel of hexagonal.3) Cotton thread.4) Wax.5) bladder.

REQUIRED TOOLS

1) 2-Needle

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SYNTHETIC

WATERPROO

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STEP 1 - First off all we attach two hexagonal panel with printing STEP 2 - Second step we do attach two hexagonal pattern with the help of needle and wax, wax, is use for smoothing thread and water propones.STEP 3 - We stitch one panel pentagonal and one hexagonal and other.STEP 4 - We attach all pattern stitch step one and two, with the step 3rd panels. Keep in mind that pentagonal panel we his in center of hexagonal panel. And we stitch all components with tightness.

SYNTHETIC

WATERP

ROOP

1 Pentagonal and 5 hexagonal panel

11STEP 5 - After that stitch a round component we stitch again two panels one hexagonal and pentagonal each.STEP 6 - Again we stitch two panels one the hexagonal and stitch Panel with hexagonal.STEP 7 - Again we stitch two hexagonal panel with each other.STEP 8 - And again we stitch two joint panel with the joint hexagonal and pentagonal panel and again make like a flower types component.

12STEP 9 - And we stitch in 9 step one of hexagonal and one pentagonal are keep in mind that pentagonal cone put always done site and hexagonal base down site. And stitch these types that hexagonal base and pentagonal cone. Rest in down sire and at last we make a all prude in round safe both site we stitch with each other.

STEP 10 - In step 10 we make half football. We stitch step 9 component step 8 step component with prepared all and stitch with very smooth that we stitch pentagonal patterns with two panels hexagonal and, hexagonal base and that types we stitch around safe with like a flower. And after all panel stitch we get half safe of football.

13Half SafeSTEP 11 - Again we make half football 2nd panel then we stitch one hexagonal kind. And we again make in round safe.

14STEP:-12- Again we make half football or out port of football with component a football.

football

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HANDBAGSTYLES

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Lets make A fabric carry bag

22I made these bags for all the craft projects I have on the go. The idea is to fill them with everything you need to work on your project and hang them out of the way on coat hangers in the wardrobe ready to grab at a moment’s notice and start crafting. The removable labels are to tell you what project is in what bag. Alternatively, leave the label off altogether to use as a regular tote. What we need 1/2 metre of fabric per bag

vinyl plastic* cardboard or paper for labels sewing tools, ruler / tape measure, scissors etc

23Cut these pieces 2 x 45cm x 35cm pieces for the body

of the bag 2 x 35cm x 6cm pieces for the handles 1 x 10cm x 6cm piece of vinyl 1 x 9cm x 5cm piece of cardboard

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Make the pocket Using a ruler, find the horizontal centre of your bag and pin your plastic label in place. I put the label about 9cm from the top of the bag.

Stitch around the three sides of the label with a 3/8” seam leaving the top open.

25Make the handles Fold the handles in half lengthwise right sides together and sew along the seam.

Turn the handles right side out. I find a chopstick helpful for this job.

26Start the bag seam This bag has a French seam, which makes the seam nice and tidy with no raw edges inside. Start by sewing a 1/4” seam around the edge of the bag, leaving the top open, wrong sides together. Trim the corners and the seams.

27Press Turn the bag wrong side out and press the seams. Be careful not to iron over the plastic as the hot iron could melt it. Press the handles. finish the seam While the bag is wrong side out, stitch a 3/8” seam around the edges encasing the raw edges within the seam. Press.

28Square off the bottom Line up the side seams with the bottom seam to make a triangle. Pin and measure 3cm from the tip of the triangle. Rule a line and sew along to square off the bag bottom.

29Stitch Bottom side with lining together

30Hem the top and add the handles With the bag turned wrong side out, turn the top down about 1cm and press. Make sure the side seams are facing the same way at the top as at the bottom of the bag. Using your ruler, find the half way point on one side of your bag and measure 2cm either side of the middle. Mark with a pencil.

Place your handles on these marks. Turn the hem down a further 1cm over the handles as pictured and pin in place.

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Repeat on the other side of the bag and sew around the top of the bag, securing the hem.

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Turn the handles up and pin in place.

Top stitch around the top of the bag, securing the handles in place.

Finishing

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Add your label to your bag and we’re done.

34REVERSIBLE BAGDimensions in approximate:from top of straps to bottom of bag: 50 cm / 20 inchesheight: 28 cm / 11 incheswidth: 40 cm / 16 inches

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Put set B in set A, right sidestogether, and sew around thestraps.Stop stitching about 20 cmbefore the tops of the straps.If your machine has reversestitch, use it on each end ofstitching's to secure it.

Clip rounded corners

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37Turn the right sides out through one of the straps. It will be a bit difficult at first and you’regonna wonder if you’re doing it right, but just keep doing it.You will feel a thug and after that the bag will turn right sides out smoothly.Pull out each of the remaining straps.

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38Look! we almost have a bag!

Sew the straps of each set together. I oftensew the straps absent-mindedly and thenfound out that I've attached them wrong!So please make sure that you sew eachstrap to the strap beside it, NOT the strapthat is in front of it.

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39Press the seams open. Fold seamallowances on straps and press.Also press edges of bag to make it easierfor topstitching. 8

40Match the tops seams together and pin allopen edges of straps.You can also use fusible tapes to make sureit is neat. But I will use pins here.

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41Topstitch all edges of bag. I use different colourthread for the bobbin.

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42A reversible bag!

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Seamless Fabric Texture woven

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Leather bags

Buckle style

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Carry on Handy Bags

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Rock On Handy

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Simple Looking Carry On

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Zip Buttons Handy

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Floral Studs Handy

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Cool Handy Bags

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Handy Clutch

55Grooves Off

56Lip Lops Handy

57Vanished Purse

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Shopping Purse

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Retro Style

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Vintage Zipped handy

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Vintage Zipped

Carry bags

Roll on Bags

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Flourish hanging

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Flourish hanging IInd

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Flourish hanging IIIrd

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Flourish hanging IVth

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Industry oriental course

E-Reader Cover Pattern and Drawstring Charger BagThe E-Reader cover pattern fits the Kindle, the Sony E-Reader, the Nook, and the Kobo. This coverpattern is very easy to make and comes with instructions to make a matching drawstring bag that fitsthe charger for your E-Reader – perfect to carry if you are traveling! Finished size of the E-Readercover is approximately 6 ½” wide x 8 ½” high and the drawstring bag measures approximately 6 ¾”wide x 6 ¾” high.

Pattern Pieces are included for the main body of the E-Reader Cover and the flap.Pattern Piece #1 – Main body of the E-Reader Cover and liningPattern Piece #2 – Flap and flap lining of the E-Reader CoverThe pattern piece for the drawstring bag is not included. Measurements are 16 ½” wide x 10”high

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72Materials Needed: (For both the E-Reader and the drawstring bag holder for the charger)1 Fat Quarter for both the cover and the drawstring bag (non-directional fabric) – Mainoutside fabric1 Fat Quarter for both the cover and the drawstring bag (non-directional fabric) – Lining ofcover and bag½ yard if your fabric is directional for outside of cover and outside of drawstring bag½ yard if your fabric is directional for lining of cover and lining of drawstring bag26” of ribbon no wider than 1” (for drawstring bag)Safety pinFray Check©Decorative button1” square of hook & loop tape (Velcro)Iron-on Interfacing – Piece measuring 10”H x 20”W OR 15 ½”W x 14”H (Pellon 987F)

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Cutting Directions:Cut 2 of Pattern Piece #1 (Main body of E-Reader cover) from Main FabricCut 2 of Pattern Piece #1 from Lining FabricCut 1 of Pattern Piece #2 (Flap) from Main FabricCut 1 of Pattern Piece #2 (Flap) from Lining FabricCut 1 of the 16 ½”W x 10”H rectangle (Drawstring Bag) from Main FabricCut 1 of the 16 ½”W x 10”H rectangle (Drawstring Bag) from Lining FabricCut 2 pieces of Pattern Piece #1 from Iron-on InterfacingCut 1 piece of Pattern Piece #2 (Flap) from Interfacing

74Iron on the Interfacing to the wrong side of the 2 cut pieces of Pattern Piece #1 (Outer mainfabric)Iron on the Interfacing to the wrong side of the cut piece of Pattern Piece #2 (Flap) (Outermain fabric)Place the 2 pieces of your main outer fabric with right sides facing each other and sew around3 sides with 5/8” seams, leaving the top open.

Turn bag right side out.

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Trim your sewn seam.Turn right side out and press.

ATTACH FLAP TO MAIN BODY OF BAG:Pin the top of the flap that you did NOT sew even with the open top on one side of your mainbag with the right side of your flap facing the right side of your main bag (Your main bag isright side out).Sew securely with a 1/4” seam, backstitching at each side.

76ASSEMBLE BAG LINING:Place the 2 lining pieces from Pattern Piece #1 (Main Bag) with right sides together and sew 3sides (leaving top open) with ½” seam with the exception of a 2” gap at the bottom of thelining.

Clip the 2 lower corners without cutting into the seams and leave the lining wrong side out.

77ATTACH LOOP & TAPE:Centre one section (loop) of your Velcro on the lining side of your flap. This will beapproximately 3” in from both sides and ¾” down from the bottom curve of the flap.

78PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER:With your main bag right side out and the flap laying flat against the back of your bag, pull thelining up over the main bag until the raw edges of the top of the bag and the raw edge of thetop of your lining are even.

79Sew as close to the edges as possible (1/4” seam) all the way around the top, connecting thelining to the main bag. (In the illustration below, the main bag and the flap are inside thelining).

Trim your top seam.Pull your main bag out through the 2” gap that you left in the bottom of your lining.

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Fold under the 2” gap at the bottom of your lining and press.Sew as close to the edge as possible all the way across the bottom of the lining.Tuck the lining into the main bag and press along the top edge of your bag.Centre your decorative button on the flap and sew.

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E-Book Reader

82MAKING A DRAWSTRING CHARGER HOLDER:Place the 2 cut pieces of the fabric measuring 16 ½” wide x 10” high with the right sidestogether.Sew around all 4 sides with a ½” seam, but leave a 2” gap along one of the shorter sides.

83Cut all 4 corners across (on the diagonal) being careful not to cut into your seam.Turn right side out through the 2” gap.Fold under both sides of the 2” gap evenly and press the entire bag.With the lining side facing you, fold over the long top of your bag approximately 1 ¼”, foldingfrom the main fabric to the lining fabric.

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1. Remove the pin.2. With your lining fabric on the

outside, fold your bag in half, lining up the short ends evenly.

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1. Turn your bag right side out with the main fabric now on the outside of the bag.

2. Press drawstring bag but do not allow the iron to touch your drawstring ribbon.

3. Treat the ends of the ribbon with Fray Check and allow this to dry.

4. Tie knots at the ends of your ribbon.

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DRAWSTRING CHARGER HOLDER

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Pattern of Coin Purses

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Coin Purses

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91Hand Bands

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93Lets Make a Key Ring

Tools required

1.Clicking knife

2.Scissors 3.Hand punch4.Button fixer

or setter5.Beading

hammer

Material required

1.Leather2.Synthetic or

Fabrics

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21.Cut the pattern 1 & 2 accurate by using Clicking knife or Scissors

2.Mark all punches hole of both pattern

3.Create punch holes at marked area by using hand punch

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If every thins done according's to instruction than the final shape will

Look like that !!!

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Check Your Progress

Create lapping of the pattern like that !!!!

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Looks a shape like it should be !!

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Fold it to other side

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Back view

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Key rings with

multicolor

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Key Rings

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Pistol Cover

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Fancy Masks

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Mask

withWing Farrell