Learning Theories and ICT

Prepared for

Dr. Simin Ghavifekr

Madam Hazline Mahmood (Hazel) PGD 120003

PXGM6106 Information Technology In Educational Management

26th September 2013

PRESENTATION OUTCOMES

d

iscuss Learning Theories & ICT applications1.B

ehaviourist Theory2.C

ognitive TheoryI

nformation processingC

onstructivist

define ISD (Instructional System Design) & describe at least one ISD Model

EFFECTIVE LEARNING

Which Theory used in e-Learning?

BEHAVIOURIST THEORY

L

earning as ‘conditioning’: behaviour as responses to stimuli – an individual

responds to a stimulus by behaving in a particular way

R

einforced by reward/punishment & link to motivation: E/I C

omputer-based ‘instructional’ programmes: learning broken down into small chunks; input - ‘drill-and-practise’; test - feedback

Believes : Repetition beneficial/essential

Computer doesn’t get bored

Non-judgemental feedback

Individualisation possible

COGNITIVE: INFORMATION PROCESSGARDNER’S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES

1. Visual – Pictures & images2. Linguistic – Words3. Logical & Mathematical –

Numbers & Reasoning4. Musical – Tone, Rhythm &

Timbre5. Bodily & Kinaesthetic – Body,

Hands6. Naturalistic – Environment7. Interpersonal – Social

understanding8. Intrapersonal – Self knowledge

COGNITIVE: CONSTRUCTIVISM(PIAGET)

S

tages of mental development

(concrete

to abstract; sequential; age related)

A

ssimilation (new information fitted into existing mental model)

A

ccommodation (new information modifies the existing mental model)

I

ndependent learner

VYGOTSKY: SOCIAL ‘INTERACTIVISM’/ SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM

L

earning in a socio-cultural environment

I

mportance of language (especially talk or reflection)

‘

Significant others’ who are more knowledgeable

Z

one of Proximal Development (ZPD) (explore new territory by yourself

compared to being shown round by a guide with local knowledge)

Which Theory used in e-Learning?

ICT & LEARNING THEORIES

ICT may be seen as mediating learning , Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Impact on roles and relationships:

teacher-pupil

pupil-teacher

pupil-pupilI

CT shifts the balance of power

Emergence of Instructional System Design (ISD)

Instructional System Design(ISD)

I

SD is unique simply because it is both a science and an art.

A “science because it is rooted in learning theories…

and an art because the designing of instructional materials

is a highly creative process”.

(

Moore, Bates & Grundling, 2002, p.71)

ISD- a set of Theories which sorts out Learning Resources so that Learning Outcomes are better achieved and are done so at a faster rate.

It

answers these questions:-

1.What

occurs during the learning process?

2.What

influence learning?

3.How

does learning facilitated?

4.How

does memory play a part in information transfer?

ISD MODEL 1:ADDIE

ISD MODEL 2: ASSURE

ISD MODEL 3: SPIRAL

CONCLUSION

Basic Learning Theories are:

1.

Behaviorism

2. Cognitivism-I

nformation Processing-C

onstructivism (Almost all e-

Learning is based on this theory)

I

SD is a set of Learning Theories which sort out learning resources (ICT) so that learning is

enhanced.

A

DDIE, ASSURE & SPIRAL are examples of ISD models.