Learning & Reinforcement

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Learning & Learning & Reinforcement Reinforcement HRMOB 570 HRMOB 570

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Learning & Reinforcement. HRMOB 570. Theories of Learning. Classical conditioning Reinforcement Theory Social Cognitive (aka Social Learning) Theory. Reinforcement Theory. Definition: a consequence that increases likelihood of response positive: application of pleasant - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Learning & Reinforcement

Page 1: Learning & Reinforcement

Learning & ReinforcementLearning & Reinforcement

HRMOB 570HRMOB 570

Page 2: Learning & Reinforcement

Theories of LearningTheories of Learning

• Classical conditioningClassical conditioning

• Reinforcement TheoryReinforcement Theory

• Social Cognitive (aka Social Learning) Social Cognitive (aka Social Learning) TheoryTheory

Page 3: Learning & Reinforcement

Reinforcement TheoryReinforcement Theory

• Definition: a consequence that increases Definition: a consequence that increases likelihood of responselikelihood of response

– positive: application of pleasantpositive: application of pleasant

– negative: removal of aversivenegative: removal of aversive

• Types of reinforcers:Types of reinforcers:

– PositivePositive

– AversiveAversive

Page 4: Learning & Reinforcement

Types of ReinforcementTypes of Reinforcement

Reward

Aversive

Apply Withdraw

Page 5: Learning & Reinforcement

Schedules of ReinforcementSchedules of Reinforcement

• ContinuousContinuous

• Intermittent:Intermittent:

– IntervalInterval

• FixedFixed

• VariableVariable

– RatioRatio

• FixedFixed

• VariableVariable

Page 6: Learning & Reinforcement

Behavior ModificationBehavior Modification• Identify behaviors that are CLEARLY related to performanceIdentify behaviors that are CLEARLY related to performance

• Measure natural occurrence of behavior across timeMeasure natural occurrence of behavior across time

• Identify events that precipitate the behavior as well as the Identify events that precipitate the behavior as well as the consequences of the behaviorconsequences of the behavior

• Develop an intervention strategy:Develop an intervention strategy:

– Pick reinforcer(s)Pick reinforcer(s)

– Decide on a schedule of reinforcementDecide on a schedule of reinforcement

– Implement scheduleImplement schedule

– Chart behavior change over timeChart behavior change over time

– Revise strategy if necessaryRevise strategy if necessary

• Assess behavioral changeAssess behavioral change

Page 7: Learning & Reinforcement

Maximizing the EffectivenessMaximizing the Effectiveness of Reinforcement of Reinforcement• More likely to work when:More likely to work when:

– Rewards are valued (give CHOICE!)Rewards are valued (give CHOICE!)

– Regular feedback on performanceRegular feedback on performance

– Reward closely follows desired behaviorReward closely follows desired behavior

– Person knows what is expected and how they will be rewardedPerson knows what is expected and how they will be rewarded

– Rewards are administered fairly and consistentlyRewards are administered fairly and consistently

• Common Problems:Common Problems:– Reinforcement not immediateReinforcement not immediate

– Reinforcement is non-contingentReinforcement is non-contingent

– Reward is not powerful enoughReward is not powerful enough

– Inconsistent distributionInconsistent distribution

Page 8: Learning & Reinforcement

Some Guidelines Regarding Some Guidelines Regarding PunishmentPunishment

• ““Hot Stove” ruleHot Stove” rule

– SwiftSwift

– Relatively intenseRelatively intense

– ImpersonalImpersonal

– Focus is on behaviorFocus is on behavior

– ConsistentConsistent

– Describe alternative acceptable behaviorDescribe alternative acceptable behavior

Page 9: Learning & Reinforcement

Social Cognitive TheorySocial Cognitive Theory

• Vicarious learningVicarious learning

• Performance is the result of:Performance is the result of:

– GoalsGoals

– self-efficacyself-efficacy

– emotional reactionsemotional reactions

Page 10: Learning & Reinforcement

Learning StylesLearning Styles

• Concrete Experiencing (thinking) Concrete Experiencing (thinking)

• Reflective Observation (watching)Reflective Observation (watching)

• Abstract Conceptualizing (thinking)Abstract Conceptualizing (thinking)

• Active Experimentation (doing)Active Experimentation (doing)


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