Learning Objective List the major hazard classes and the most common material associated with each...
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Learning ObjectiveList the major hazard classes and the most
common material associated with each class.Describe the general hazards associated with
each class
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Scope1.Introduction2.Classes 1 to 9
General informationHazards posed by the
substance
3.Conclusion
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IntroductionWhat is HAZMAT?
HAZ – hazardous MAT- materialsSubstances that have the potential to harm
living tissues, damage property and pollute the environment
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The 9 Hazmat ClassesClass 1 : Explosives Class 2 : GasesClass 3 : Flammable LiquidsClass 4 : Flammable SolidsClass 5 : Oxidizing AgentsClass 6 : Toxic & Infectious
SubstancesClass 7 : Radioactive SubstancesClass 8 : Corrosive SubstancesClass 9 : Miscellaneous
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Class 1 ExplosivesGeneralA chemical substance that in itself can react to
produce a gas at a relatively high temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to damage the surroundings.
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Class 1 ExplosivesClassificationClass 1 is sub-divided into six classes:
1.1 — Explosives with a mass explosion hazard. 1.2 — Explosives with a blast/projection hazard.1.3 — Explosives with a minor blast hazard. (rocket
propellant, display fireworks) 1.4 — Explosives with a major fire hazard.
(consumer fireworks, ammunition) 1.5 — Blasting agents. 1.6 — Extremely insensitive explosives.
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Class 1 ExplosivesHazardsMost explosives pose a big fire hazard due to the
very nature of explosives.Danger of injuries via projectiles (E.g. shrapnel,
debris etc.)Some explosives can cause mass explosion
hazard. (E.g. Black powder, Dynamite, TNT etc.)Ear rupture is caused by the sound waves
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Class 1 Explosives
Blast EffectsPressure frontPressure front
Heat frontHeat front
ProjectilesProjectiles
Sound waveSound wave
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Class 2 Gases
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Class 2 GasesGeneralA gas is a material in a state of matter that at normal
temperature and pressure tends to fill the space available (diffusion).
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Class 2 Gases2.1 Flammable Gases
E.g. Hydrogen, Propane, Butane
2.2 Non-flammable GasesE.g. Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine
2.3 Poisonous GasesE.g. Chlorine, Arsine, Carbon Monoxide
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Flammableeg. hydrogen, LPG
Corrosiveeg. chlorine, ammonia
Toxiceg. hydrogen cyanide, chlorine
Non-flammableeg. oxygen, nitrogen
Reactiveeg. chlorine, VCM
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Class 2 GasesOther Hazards Physical storage
Gasses are difficult to store and the methods of storing these gases pose a great hazard if not handled properly or not stored properly.
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Storage of gases
Compressed
GeneralPressurisedGas phaseEg. air, acetylene
HazardsProjectile
Cryogenic
GeneralVery low temperaturesLiquid phaseEg. ammonia, nitrogen, oxygenHazardsFrost biteHigh expansion ratio
Liquefied
GeneralPressurisedGas/liquid phaseEg. Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)HazardsProne to ignitionProjectile
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Effects of extreme cold-Cyrogenic Gases
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Class 3 LiquidsGeneralPhysical properties
Vapour pressure and density affects behavior of gas when the liquid evaporates.
Wider flammability range greater danger.
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Class 3 LiquidsHazardsFlammable/explosive situation
Due to its tendency to generate flammable vapour when released, an explosive situation will always arise in the event of a leak Projectiles
Flowing fireDue to the physical nature of liquid to flow, any release
will affect a large area causing fire to spread along drains, low-lying areas, etc.
Toxic, corrosive, carcinogenicSome liquids can be toxic if consumed, corrosive to the
skin and even cancer-causing.
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Class 4 SolidsGeneral4.1 Solids that
easily ignited and difficult to extinguish eg. Magnesium
4.2 Air-reactive substances (Spontaneously combusts in air) eg.
white phosphorus
4.3 Water-reactive substances
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Class 4 SolidsHazardsExplosive or toxic situation
Generation of flammable or toxic gas/vapour
Difficult to extinguishOnce a fire has been initiated, it is difficult to extinguish
metal fires due to the high temperatures involved. Some metals can be so hot that application of water can result in a steam explosion due to the rapid expansion of water.
Metal dust Can cause serious complications to health if inhaled.
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Class 5 OxidizerGeneralSubstances that releases oxygen
Generally, oxidizers are compounds which release oxygen when they react with other substances intensifying the fire.
Examples of oxidizers are aluminium nitrate, fluorine, hydrogen peroxides, etc.
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Class 5 OxidizerHazardsVery reactive
Oxidizers are very reactive compounds and will burn fiercely when combining with combustible materials.
Spontaneously combustibleUnder certain conditions they may also be explosive
when in intimate contact with ordinary combustibles. Examples of such reactions are hydrogen peroxide and wood shavings
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Class 6 PoisonsGeneralSubstances that cause
death or serious health effects upon exposure through:InhalationIngestionAbsorption
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Class 6 PoisonsHazardsInterferes with bodily functions
Carbon Monoxide – binds to red blood cells, deprives body of oxygen
Hydrogen Fluoride - binds to calcium in bonesCyanides – interferes with respiration
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Class 6 Poisons
Effects of Arsenic
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Class 7 RadioactivesGeneralRadioactive substances emits
radiationNon-ionizing radiation - radio waves, UV,
infraredIonizing radiation
E.g. Alpha particlesBeta particlesGamma rays
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Class 7 RadioactivesHazardsRadiation sickness
Nausea VomitingDiarrheaExhaustionHaemorrhage
Radiation injuryBurns
Radiation poisoningCancer
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Class 7 Radioactive
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Class 7 RadioactivesChernobyl
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Class 8 Corrosives
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Class 8 CorrosivesGeneralSubstances that can cause
visible destruction to tissueAcidsBases
Most widely used in industryE.g. Sulfuric acid , Hydrochloric
acid, Sodium Hydroxide
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Class 8 CorrosivesHazardsSkin and tissue destructionReacts with metals - liberate hydrogenMay be absorbed into skinReact with chemicals - liberate heat
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Class 8 CorrosivesChemical burns
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Class 9 Miscellaneous
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Class 9 MiscellaneousClass 9 encompasses all hazardous materials
that do not fit into one of the definitions listed in Class 1 through Class 8.
Example – Dry ice, pollutants
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Conclusion
Different classes of HazMat have different properties and pose different threats.
Knowledge of properties and hazards for different HazMat classes allows us to take the appropriate protective measures during an encounter, enabling us to protect and save lives!