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Transcript of Learning Material ITES ED Module
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NIELIT, Guwahati
Lear ning Mater ial
for
DOEACC ITES BPO (Cust om er Care)
Training Progr am
New Modu le:
(add itiona l modu le t o English Skills, Soft Skills an d IT Skills)
Ent r epr eneur ship & Sma ll Business Development :
(ED)
(35 hrs)
Developed by:
National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology,
(NIELIT) Guwahati
Department of Information Technology,
Ministry of Communications and Information Technology,Govt. of India
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Syllab us For ITES-BPO tr ain ing
MODULE-1 SOFT SKILLS (50 HRS)
MODULE-2 : ENGLISH SKILLS (90 HRS)
MODULE-3 : IT- SKILLS (DOEACC CCC) (80 HRS)
MODULE-4: ENTREPRENEURSHIP & SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
(ED MODULE) (35 HRS)
MODULE-4 : ENTREPRENEURSHIP & SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
OBJECTIVES: CONCEPTUAL CLARITY AND PRACTICAL EXPOSURE/ WORKING KNOWLEDGE
Deta iled Syllabus:
Module: Entr epr eneu rsh ip Development : (ED) (35 hr s)
1 . P r incip les of Managemen t: (04 h r s)
Basics of Management, Planning, Organizing, staffing, directing and Controlling.
2. Management of Computer ised Accounts: (20 Hrs)
a. Accounting basics, Operating Bank Accounts
a.1 Transaction, Journal Entry, Cash Book, Ledger Book, Trial Balance
a.2 Profit and loss stat ement, Balance Sheeta.3 Accounting Principles - Concepts and Conventions
a.4 Double Ent ry System
a.5 Rules of Accoun ting
a.6 Mode of Accoun ting
a.7 Financia l Statements
a.8 Manual Account ing
a.9 Bank Reconciliation Statement
b. Tally Fundamentals
b.1 In troduct ion to Ta lly
b.2 Featur es of Tally
b.3 Getting Functional with Tally
c. Processing Transactions in Tally
c.1 Ledger s and Gr oups
c.2 Account ing Voucher s
c.3 Contr a Voucher
c.4 Payment Voucher
c.5 Receipt Voucher
c.6 Jour nal Voucher
c.7 Sales Invoice
c.8 Duties and Taxes
c.9 Recording Transaction of Sample Data
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d. Generating and Printing of Accounting Reports/ MIS
d.1 Financial Reports in Tally
d.2 Balance Sheet
d .3 Profit and Loss Account
d.4 Account Books
d.5 Group Summary
d.6 Group Vouchers
d .7 Generat ion of Repor ts.
3. Entre prene urship Development (06 hrs)
Need and objectives, entrepreneurial career planning, object implementation, role of support
agencies, incentives, scope and health measures, business development, project report
preparation, technical enterprises management, management effective customer services
market sur vey.
4. Mar ket ing Skills (05 hr s)
What is selling, pre-sales, the principles of consultative sales, sales call preparation, need
assessment, from greeting to product presentation, handling customer concerns buying signals& closing.
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1.Principles of Management: (04 hrs)
The term MANAGEMENT has been used in different senses. Somet imes it is used in the sense of
managing the group of managerial personnel in an organisation. At other times, management
refers t o the process of planning, organising, staffing, direct ing,co-ordina ting and controlling.
According to Louis Allen Managemen t is what a manager does.
According to Mary Parker Follett Managemen t is a art of gett ing things done through other s.
According to F.W. Taylor : Management is the ar t of knowing what you want to do and then
seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way.
OBJECTIVES OF MANAGEMENT
Proper utilisation of resources The main objective of management is to use various
resources of the enterprise in almost economic way. The proper use of men, materials,
machines and money will help a business to earn sufficient profits to satisfy various interests.
Improving performanceManagement should aim at improving the performance of each and
every factor of production. The environment should be so congenial that workers are able to
give their maximum to the enterpr ise.
Mobilising b est ta lent . The management should try to employ persons in various fields so
that better results are possible. The employment of specialists in various fields will be
increasing the efficiency of various factors of production. There should be a pr oper environmentwhich should encourage good per sons to join the ente rpr ise.
Planning for future. Another impor tan t objectives of management is to prepare plans. No
management should feel satisfied with todays work if it has not thought of tomorrow. Future
plans should take into consideration what is to be done next. Future per formance will depend
upon pr esent planning .So ,planning for future is essential to help the concern.
SYLLABUS :
Basics of Man agem en t, Plan nin g, Organizing, sta ffing, dir ectin g an d Con tr olling.
DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT
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1. PLANNING: Planning is the primar y function of management . It is the pr ocess of
determining future course of action in order to achieve result.
Planning involves decision in advance what to be done, where, how and by whom it is to be
done. Planning is looking forward .Planning bridges the gap between where we are and where
we want to go. Selection of the proper or best alternatives out of various alternat ives is the main
theme of planning.
IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
A. Helps in defining objectives.
B. Reduces uncertainty.
C. Prepares for change.
D. Provides competitive strength
E. Provides criteria for decision-making.
F. Motivates Employees.
G. Facilitates Co-operat ion and cordination.
H. Provides a basis of control
2. ORGANIZING: Organizing is the pr ocess of intregrating the physical, financial &human
resources &establishing the productive r elations between them to accomplish the predetermine
goal.Organising is nothing but a structure created to give successful from of all combine effort.
Organisation is considered to be a process of creating and maintaining organization is the
process of
Identification and grouping of activities.
Assigning duties.
Delegating authorities.
Allocating necessary resour ces.
Establishing co-ordination among individual and various departments of an
organization.
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
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3. STAFFING: The function involves manning the positions created by organization
process. It is concerned with human resour ces of an organization.
The staffing consist of the following:
Manpower planning, i.e assessing manpower r equirements in t erms of quantity and
quality.
Recruitment, selection and training:
Placement of manpower.
Development, promotion, transfer and appraisal.
(4)Directing:
Directing is concerned with carrying out the desired plans. It initiates organized and planned
action and ensures effective performance by subordinators towards the accomplishment of
group activities.
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OBJECTIVES OF ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING
INTRODUCTION OF ACCOUNTING AND ITS RELATED TERMS
IMPORTANCE
USERS OF ACCOUNTING
2 . Management of Computerized Accounts: (20 Hrs)
Accounting is a process of identifying ,recording, summarizing and reporting economic
information to decision makers in the form of financial statement . According to ICAI
Accounting is the art of record ing ,classifying and summarizing ,in a s ignificant manners and in
terms of money transactions and event which are ,in part at least ,of a financial character and
interpreting the resu lt thereof.
To record permanently, all business t ransaction and
To show the effect of each transaction and also the combined effect of each transactions
for the given period so as to find out the pr ofit the business has earned or loss incurred
,and also to know the correct financial position on a part icular date.
The necessity and importance of accounting can be understood by answering the following
questions :
1.How much we have earned this year?
2.How much we earned during last year?
3.Is our business improving?
4.How much can do we have?
5.How much money we can won?
6.How much other s owe to us?
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TYPES OF ACCOUNTS
GOLDEN RULES OF ACCOUNTING
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY
Financial statements will be useful to the following part ies :
1 .Suppliers 2 . Customers 3 . Employees 4 .Banks 5 . Owners . 6 .Govt .
There are three types of accounts maintained for transactions:
a..Real Accounts b..Personal Accounts C..Nominal Accounts
REAL ACCOUNTS Real Accounts are accounts relating to properties and assets, which are
owned by business Concern. Real Accounts include tangible and intangible accounts. For
example. Land, Building, Good will, purchases .cash ..etc
PERSONAL ACCOUNTS Personal Accounts ar e accounts which relate to persons. PersonalAccounts include t he followings..Suppliers, Customers, Lendersetc
NOMINAL ACCOUNTS Nominal Accounts ar e accounts which relate to incomes and expenses
and gains and losses of business concern. For example. Salary accounts, dividend acconts,sales
etc.
REAL ACCOUNTS
Debit What comes in
Credit What Goes Out
PERSONAL ACCOUNTS
Debit The Receiver
Credit The Giver
NOMINAL ACCOUNTS
Debit all Expenses and Losses
Incomes and Gains ar e Cred it
What is Tra nsaction?
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Accounting transaction formed the accounting records for statutory purpose and audit
per sonal. Accounting Transaction is a confirmed monetory action / decision that impact the
entity in monetory terms.
What is journal ent ry and journa l book?
The recording of financial data (taken usually from a journal voucher)pertaining to business
transactions in a journal such that the debit equals credits. Journal entr y
Provides an audit tr ial and means of analyzing the effect of the t ransactions on an organizations
financial position. Journal books are business dairy in which all financial data (taken (usually
from a journal voucher) pertaining to business transaction in a journal such that the debits
equal to credit.
Or
Journal book is a business diary in which all-financial data (taken usually from a journal
voucher) pertaining to the day to day business transaction of affirm is recorded using double
entry book keeping system.
What is Ledger Book?
Collection of an en tire group of similar accounts in double entry book keeping .Also called bookof final entry, a ledger records classified and summarized financial information from
jour nals(the book of first entry)as debits and credit, and shows their curr ent balances.
Date Par ticular s J.R Amount Date Par ticular s J.R Amount
2005
Dec. 17 Cash A/ C 1,200
2005
Dec. 17 Purchases A/ C 2,000
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It appears t hat each account in the ledger has two similar sides - left hand side is called debit
side (briefly Dr.) and r ight hand side (br iefly Cr.) side. Now a days these two words a re not used,because it is obvious that the left hand side is debit side and r ight hand side is credit side.
What is Trial Balance ?
A statement of all debits and credits in a double entry account book, with any disagreement
indicating an err or.
Its a aggregate of all debit and credit balance at the end of an accounting period that shows if
the general ledger is in balance (total debits and equal total credits) before making closing
entr ies and provides the basis for making draft financial statement.
Example
What is Cash Book ?
A financial journal that contains all cash receipts and paymen ts, including bank deposits and
withdrawals. Entries in the cash book are then posted into the general ledger. The cash book is
periodically reconciled with the bank statements as an internal method of auditing.
The following is the simple format of a cashbook:
Date Particulars L.F. Amount Date Particulars L.F. Amount
.
What is Trad ing account?
The trading account shows the income from sales and the direct costs of making those
sales. It includes the balance of stocks at the star t and end of the year.
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Booked only Direct Expenses/ Income
Show Gross Profit/ Gross Loss
What is Pr ofit and Loss Account?
The purpose of the pr ofit and loss account is to:
Show whether a business has made a PROFIT or LOSS over a financial year.
Describe how the profit or loss arose e.g. categorizing costs between cost o f
sales and oper ating costs.
A profit and loss account st art s with the TRADING ACCOUNT and then takes into account all
the other expenses associated with the business
Sample:
TRADING AND PROFIT AND LOSS A/C
FOR THE PERIOD OF MARCH 2011
Particulars Amnt(Rs) Particulars Amnt(Rs)
To,Opening Stock
To Purchese
To All Direct Exp.
To Gross Profit(BalancingFig.)c/d
To Gross Loss b/d
To All Indirect Exp.
To, Net Profit (Bal.fig)
xxxx
xxx
xxxx
xxx
By Sales
By Closing Stock
By Gross loss(bal) c/d
By Gross Profit b/d
By All Indirect income
By Net Loss(Bal.Fig)
xxxx
xxx
xxx
xxxxx xxxxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
Xxx
Xxx
xxx
xxxx xxxx
What is Balance Shee t?
A financial statemen t that summarizes a company's assets, liabilities and shareholders' equity at
a specific point in time. These three balance sheet segments give investors an idea as to what
the company owns and owes, as well as the amount invested by the shareholders.
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The balance sheet must follow the following formula:
Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders' Equity
It's called a balance sheet because t he two sides balance out. This makes sense: a company has
to pay for all the things it has (asset s) by either bor rowing money (liabilities) or get ting it from
shareholders (shareholders' equity).
Each of the three segments of the balance sheet will have many accounts within it thatdocument the value of each. Accounts such as cash, inventory and pr oper ty are on the asset side
of the balance sheet, while on the liability side there are accounts such as accounts payable
or long-term debt. The exact accounts on a balance sheet will differ by company and by
industry, as there is no one set template t hat accurately accommodates for the differences
between different types of businesses.
SAMPLE: BALANCE SHEET
AS ON 31.3.2011
LIABILITIES AMOUNT(Rs) ASSETS AMOUNT(Rs)
Opening balance
Net Profit/Loss(Add/Less)
Capital
Current liabilties
Sundry creditors
Bills Payable
Bank Over Draft
Loan
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
Fixed AssetsLand and buildingLess:Depriciation
Plant and machineryLess:Deprication
Investment
CURRENT ASSETSSundry debtorsCash in hand
Cash at bank
Bad debt
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxxx xxxxx
Other Importa nt Ter ms in Accounts:
Income - Gener ated from the operations of the business. example: Sales, Services, Fees
Expenses- Amount spent t o get the income
Assets- For long term use in the business, which can indirectly gener ate income. Example:
Machinery, Plant, Building etc
Liabilities-Amount payable by the business to outsiders, owners Example: Creditors, loans etc
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Capita l: Amount invested by the owner s.
Pro fit an d Loss: Net Result of income and expense
Business Ent ity Concept -Business is different from Business Owner
Going Concer n Concep t-Business continues over a period of time
Matching Concept-Classification of transactions into income, expense etc and matching them
Money Measur eme nt All transactions in terms of money.
Historical concept- Cost or mar ket price whichever is less
Form at of a Journ al Entr y
Account Dr
To Accoun t ( Cr )
(Cr is not generally shown)
Example: Cash Account, Capital Account
There are various system of accounting for maintaining business records.
A. Cash System of Accounting:
It is a system in which accounting entr ies are made only when cash is received or paid. No entry
is made when a payment or receipt is merely due. For example, the r ent for December 2009 has
not been paid till January 10the 2010. Under cash basis, rent expense for the month of
December will not be recorded as payment has not been made. Government system of
accounting is mostly on the cash system
B. Single entry system:
This system ignores the two fold aspect of each transaction as considered in double entry
system,under .The single entry system does not take into account the double affect of every
transaction. The ledger contains only the personal accounts of debtors and creditors, all
impersonal accounts such as purchases, sales, wages, carriage, rent etc., are not recorded. Thusthe system does not consider the two fold aspect of every transaction.
C. Double ent ry system:
As per Double Entry System of book-keeping, all the business t ransactions re corded in accounts
have two aspects - Debit aspect (receiving) and Credit aspect (giving). For example, when a
business acquires an asset (receiving) and pays cash (giving) for it. This accounting technique
records each transaction as debit and credit, where every debit has a corresponding credit and
vice versa. In accounting, only business transactions and events of financial nature are r ecorded .
Only transactions that can be expressed in ter ms of money are recorded.
Accounting Concepts
Accounting Systems
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Accounting process begins with identifying and recording the transactions in the books of
accounts i.e., the first step in the Accounting Process is recording of transactions in the books ofaccounts. Accounting ident ifies only those tr ansactions and events which involves money and is
sorted based on various source documents.
The following are the most common sour ce documents.
Cash Memo
Invoice or Bill
Vouchers
Receipt
Debit Note
Cr edit Note
VOUCHERS A voucher is a document in support of a business transaction, containing the
details of such transaction.
RECEIPT
When a trader receives cash from a customer against goods sold by him, issues a receipt
containing the name of such customer , details of amount r eceived with date
INVOICE OR BILL
When a trader sells goods to a buyer, he prepares a sales invoice containing the details of
name and address of buyer, name of goods, amount and terms of payments and so on.
Similarly, when the trader purchases goods on credit receives a Invoice/ bill from the
supplier of such goods.
WHAT IS BANK RECONCILIATION STATEMENT ?
A form that allows individuals to compare their personal bank account records to the bank's
records of the individual's account balance in order to uncover any possible discrepancies.
Business concern maintains the cash book for recording cash and bank transactions. The Cash
book serves the purpose of both the cash account and the bank account. It shows t he balance of
both at the end of a period. Bank also maintains an account for each customer in its book. All
deposits by the customer are r ecorded on the credit side of his/ her account and all withdrawals
are recorded on the debit side of his/ her a ccount. A copy of this account is r egularly sent to the
customer by the bank. This is called Pass Book or Bank statement . It is usual to t ally the firms
bank tr ansactions as recorded by the bank with the cash book. But somet imes the bank balances
Mode of Accounting
Bank reconciliation statement
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as shown by the cash book and that shown by the pass book/ bank statement do not match. If
the ba lance shown by the pass book is different from the balance shown by bank column of cash
book, the business firm will identify the causes for such difference. It becomes necessary to
reconcile them. To reconcile the balances of Cash Book and Pass Book a statement is prepared.
This statement is called the Bank Reconciliation Statement . It can be said that :
Bank Reconciliation Statement is a statement prepared to reconcile the difference between
the ba lances as per the bank column of the cash book and pass book on any given date.
Need of preparing Bank Reconciliation Statement
It is neither compulsory to prepar e Bank Reconciliation Statement nor a date is fixed on which it
is to be prepar ed. It is prepar ed from time to time to check that all transactions relating to bank
are pr operly recorded by the businessman in the bank column of the cash book and by the bank
in its ledger account . Thus, it is prepared to reconcile the bank balances shown by the cash book
and by the bank statement. It helps in detecting, if there is any error in recording the
transactions and ascertaining the correct bank balance on a part icular date.
Advan tages of Bank Reconciliation Stat em ent
Account for Pending Tr an sactions
Reconciling your bank statement is important in the event you have transactions that have not
yet posted to your account. For example, if you only rely on the online tracking, and
you forget that you wrote a check, you could be operating on the assumption that you have
more money than you do. This could lead to denied payments, overdraft fees or other
surcharges.
Account for Bank Fees
Not only is relying solely on the online statement a bad idea, it's also a bad idea to rely entirely
on your records. Some bank accounts have fees or surcharges and if you don't reconcile the
statemen t, you may forget to add them to your r ecords.
Detect Errors an d Frau d
Always consider human errors are fraud. If you don't reconcile your bank statement, you may
miss errors or fraudulent charges. For example, you need to verify there are no double charges
for a service, or that no one has compromised your debit card number and used it for fraudulent
charges. Overall, it is a big advantage to reconcile your bank statement to assure you and the
bank are on the same page.
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Tally is the de facto Accounting softwar e which is used by millions of small and medium size
business houses for their complete accounting solution ,including manufactur ing and invoicing.
Tally contains numerous features and reports to carter to all sorts of business .so, it is natural
that each user will use only a small port ion of such rich and diverse functionalities.
Advan tages of Tally over Man ua l System ?
Posting of transaction can be done without a prior journal entry
Balancing of an account is automatic
Profit and Loss account and Balance sheet is automatically done. No need to separately
close the nominal accounts
Clerical err ors possibility is absolved.
F1.. Select Company
F2.. To change date of voucher and/ or effective date.
F3.. To,choose another select company to enter a voucher.
F4..(Contra entry)This voucher is for fund transfer between cash and bank accounts only.
Though this voucher you can account cash deposits into bank, cash withdrawals from bank and
fund t ransfer between bank account or cash accounts.
F5..(Payment entr y)
The payment voucher is for all payments you make through cash or bank .These payment can be
towards expenses,pur chases,to trade creditors etc.
2.b TALLY FUNDAMENTALS
What is Tally ?
Important Keys for Tally and Voucher types
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F6..(Receipt ent ry)
The receipt voucher is for all receipt into cash or bank a/ c.The voucher is similar to the payment
voucher except that you debit cash or bank accounts and credit the ledger from which you
receive.
F7..Jour na l en tr y
The voucher is an adjustment voucher ,pass a journal voucher when you want to adjust
amounts between two ledger accounts ,without affecting cash or bank accounts.
F8..(Sales en tr y)
The sales voucher is making all credit sales entries .If you make a sale entry through invoice
entry,you need not use the sale voucher.Alternatively ,you can enter sale as asale voucher and
print it out.
F9..(Purches entr y)
The purches voucher is for making all cred it purches entr ies.It is similar to sale voucher with
the exception that you can credit the party and debit the purchase accounts.
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F10..(Memor andum ent ry)
To creat memorandum or reserve journal voucher.
To creat post dated voucher
To creat optional voucher.
F11..(Features )
To change company features.(at the t ime of tax related en try basically)
F12..(Configure)
To change configuration of voucher(application for all compan ies)
Tally provides a list of 28 pre-defines groups,of these,15 are primary groups and 13 are sub
groups.Tally also has pre-defined ledger for cash(under cash in hand)and for profit &loss a/ c
balance(primary).The first nine items in the list of pre-defined groups below affect the balance
sheet ,and the final six items the profit and loss account.
Following items a re a liases for groups na mes with th eir r espective a/ c(For ledgercreation)
NAME OF ACCOUNT UNDER GROUP A/C
CAPITAL ACCOUNT CAPITAL ACCOUNTPROFIT AND LOSS A/C CAPITAL ACCOUNTDRAWINGS A/C CAPITAL ACCOUNT
BNANK A/C CURRENT ASSET(IN GENERAL)
BANK A/C (IN CASH BOOK)CASH A/C CURENT ASSET (IN GENERAL)
CASH IN HAND(IN CASH BOOK)
BILLS RECEIVABLE A/C CURENT ASSETCLOSING STOCK CURENT ASSETOPENING STOCK DOCASH A/C DOBILLS PAYABLE CURENT LIABILITIESLOAN PAYABLE DOzOVER DRAFT DODEPRICIATION A/C INDIRECT EXPENSESDISCOUNT PAID A/C DOOFFICE RENT INDIRECT EXPENSESSALARY A/C DOPRINTING AND STATIONARY DOELECTRICITY BILL DOINSURANCE PREMIUM DOTAX AND DUTY DOOFFICE STUFF WELFARE A/C DOWAGES DIRECT EXPENSESTRADING DOFRIGHT A/C DOFACTORY RENT DOCARRIAGE A/C DOFURNITURE FIXED ASSETSPLANT AND MACHINERY DOLAND AND BUILDING DOINVESTMENT INVESTMENT ACCOUNTBAD DEBTS A/C PROVISIONS A/CPURCHES A/C PURCHASE A/C
IF WE HAVE TO CREAT ANY NAME ACCOUNT THAN IT COMES IN SUNDRY DEBTORS(at the
time of sales)ANDSUNDRY CREDITORS (at the time of purchese).
Defined Groups of Tally:
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Press ALT+F3 after thatenter company name..and fill the all required data..andpress enter until the option come ACCEPT YES/NOnd ACC it(accept).
Gate way of tally->accounts info->ledger->name->enter and specified the group in under
category .
Creation of ledger
Steps of Creating a Company:
Steps of Creating a Ledger:
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After learned creation of a company, working with accounts group and ledgers we have to learn
recording transaction in tally. Transaction is recorded in voucher.
Gate way of tally->Accenting voucher->press respective voucher type..(like
f5,f6,f7.)->and put respective transaction.
Alter Voucher type
Accounts info->Voucher type->Alter
To alter an existing voucher type, select this option, choose the voucher type from list that
would open in alterat ion mode to carry out modification the fields ar e similar to creation exceptthat t he option as default does not appear in alterat ion mode.
DISPLAY VOUCHER TYPE
Accounts info->Voucher type->Display
(1 ) JOURNAL ENTRIES
A) Jan1..Start ed business with Rs 10000,paid into bank Rs.5000.
B) Jan2..Bought office furn iture for Rs.900
C) Jan3..Purchase goods from koyal for Rs.4000
D) Jan5..Sold goods for RS.1700
E) Jan7..Paid telephone rent for the month of Rs.400
F) Jan8..Purchase goods for Rs.1000 from Aditya
G) Jan10.paid Rs.160 for advertisement by cheque.
H) Jan 11.Bought one type writer for Rs.750from universal typewriter Co.on credit
I) Jan 12.Sold goods to Paras Rs.2900
J) Jan16..Sold goods to Omega & Co.for Rs.650 for cash.
K) Jan25.Receive cash from Paras Rs.2850,discount allowed Rs.50L) Jan26.Deposited into bank 2500
M) Jan 27.Issued cheque for Rs.500 in favour of land lord for the r ent
N) Jan 30 Paid salary to staff Rs.600
O) Jan 31 Issued cheque for Rs950 in favour of Aditya in fullsettlemen t of his a/ c
( 2)JOURNAL ENTRIES
A) Start ed business with a capital borrowed from his friend Nidhiram Rs.25000
B) Bought machinery Rs.6000
C) Bought Goods for Cash From KalipadaRs.3400
D) Sold goods for cash to Ram Rs2500
Accounts Vouchers:
The Steps of Creating a Voucher Type and recording it:
Problems:
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E) Purchase goods from Bidya Rs.4500
F) Cash sales Rs.5100
G) Deposited cash into bankRs.6000
H) Paid Bidya in full settelement of her a/ c Rs.4350
I) Sold goods to Gorachand Rs.3600
J) Paid carriage on sale of goodsRs.200
K) Gora chand set tled his a/ c fully by Chequ e Rs.3550
L) Paid rent by chequeRs.400
M) Paid inter est to Nidhiram in 500 in cash
1)Prakash started business on 1st feb 2004and with Rs.1000 in cash as his
capital.Follwing are his cash t ransaction for the month wr ite up a single cash book.
Feb.1. Purchase goods for cash worth Rs.225
Feb 2. Paid to pr iyaRs.52
Feb 3. Receive from Rumi on a/ c Rs,87
Feb 5. Cash sales Rs.385
Feb 7. Adi paid Rs.42
Feb 8. Bought office sta tionary for Rs.15Feb12 Purchase goods for cash worth Rs.225
Feb13 Cash sales Rs.205
Feb15 Receive from Champa on account Rs.87
Feb16 Withdr aw from business for personal useRs250
Feb18 paid electricity Charges Rs.40
Feb19 paid wages Rs.144
Feb20 Paid office salar ies Rs.230
Feb22 Bought postal stampsRs.15
Feb28 Paid office ren t Rs.100.
Prob3
Enter following transaction in a double column each book of Mr Tarachand having Cash
&discount columns& carry out the post ing for aug 2004.
1)Purchase goods from Yash for cash Rs 750.
2)Receive from sajan Rs 980,discount a llowed Rs20
3)Paid to Raj Rs.290,Discount Received Rs 10
4)Purchase goods for cash Rs.400
5)Paid to Simi Rs760,discount availedRs40
6)cash sales Rs 1000
7)Purchase furn iture for cash Rs.250
8)Paid wages Rs.509)Paid rent Rs.150
10)Paid to Dipan Rs.380,discount Receive Rs.20
Problems in Cash Book
Double Column Cash Book
Inventory Selection with VATUnits of Measure Creation
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GATE WAY OF TALLY->INVENTIRY INFO->STOCK GROUPS->ENTE THE NAME OF
THE STOCK GROUP>ENTER>SELECT THE GROUP FROM THE LIST OF GROUPSIN
UNDER>ENTER>
GATE WAY OF TALLY->INVENTIRY INFO->STOCK ITEMS->ENTE THE NAME OF THESTOCK ITEM>ENTER>ENTER THE GROUP FROM THE LIST OF GROUPIN
UNDER>ENTER>ENTER THE QUANTITY FOR OPENING BALANCE>ENTER THE
RATE FOR OPENING BALANCE >ENTER/Y
NOTE:To Move between units creation ,stock groups creation and voucher types creation
directly, click obn the short cuts provided at right hand side of the screen, or use
Clt+U,Clt+G,Clt+I,Clt+V for units, groups, items and voucher type respectively. This provision is
same in case of creat ion Display and alter ation At voucher type creat ion, Clt +G and Clt+L
only is available on shortcuts for groups and ledger respectively.
UNITS OF MEASURE
In tally ther a re two types of Units..a)Simple unit b)Compound units
Example of simple unit:- K.G(Kilogram),GM(gram),Lt(liter ),ml(milliliter ),No.(numbers)
qtl,Doz(Dozen)
Example of compund unit: Bottel of 500 ml,bottle of 2 lt,packet of 100 gm,packet of 500
gm,packet of 100 ml, box of 100 nos.
Example Group Item
RICE
DAL ---MAGURMURARAHA
M>OIL ..NIVAZ.ANUPAMDHARA
VAT
For any tax/vat calculation .press F11..Company features
!Acconnting featuresInventory Features
Statutory & taxation (press)
ENABLE VALUE ADDED TAX=yes
KRTJOHAIJONG
Stock Item Creation
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SET/ALTER VAT DETAILS= YES
F11
At the time of purchase we creat two ledger1> INPUT VAT @ 4%(Mention Percentage)
(Under Duties and TaxesType of Duties and Taxes=VATVAT/TAX class =Input Vat @4%)
2>PURCHASE VAT@4%(Mention Percentage)(Under Purchase a/c
Used in VAT Returns=YES)
Also at the time of sale we creat two ledger
1> UTPUT VAT@4%(Mention Percentage)(Under Duties and TaxesType of Duties and Taxes=VATVAT/TAX class =Output Vat @4%)
2>SALES VAT@4%(Mention Percentage)
Under sales a/c
Used in VAT Returns=YES
IN THE VOUCHER PRESS F12
Use Common Ledger A/C For Items Allocation=NO
ALLOW SELECTION OF VAT/TAX CLASS DURING ENTRY=Yes.
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Britania-
Units-pkt
Alternat unit-Bx
Where 1BX=10pkt
Rice
Unit-Kg
Alt units qtl
where 1 qtl=100kgIn the voucher
Press F12
Use common ledger A/C for item Allocation = No.
Allow selection of VAT/Tax class During Entry=YES
EXAMPLEM/ S ASSAM ENTERPRISE DEALS WITH VARIOUS ITEMS.ITS VAT REGISTRATION NO.IS
41 30 / 432412.FOLLOWING ARE THE PURCHASE AND SALE DATA FOR FINANCIAL YEAR 20 06-200 7
.COMPUTE THE VAT PAYABLE OR REFUNDED BY THE ENTERPRISE.
PURCHASE DATA
STORE NAME ITEM RATE QTY
M/S
DATAMISION
COMPUTER HCL
HP DJ PRINTER
HP LASER PRINTER
21000
5000
10000
10 NOS.
5 NOS.
5 NOS.
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M/S AKASH
ELECTRONICS
COMPAQ COMPUTER
LG MONITOR
SAMSUNG MONITOR
LG KEYBOARD
FRONTECH
KEYBOARD
25000
5000
5100
300
250
10 NOS.
10 NOS
12 NOS
12NOS.
12 NOS.
M/S GUWAHATI
STORE
LAFARGE CEMENT
STAR CEMENT
TISCON ROD
BISCON ROD
250
240
3200
3000
100 BAGS OF50
KG
DO
100 QTL
100 QTL
M/S SS
ASSOCIATION
BRITANIA
BISCUITS
NIZONE BISCUITS
JOHA RICE
IJONG RICE
LIV 52
100
90
2000
1800
60
20 BOX OF 10
PKT
DO
10 QTL
10 QTL
24 BTKS OF
200 ML
M.S RATNA
BHANDAR
GOLD
SILVER
9000
500
10 CARAT
10 CARAT
SALES
M/S ANJAN
KUMAR
HCL COMPUTER 22000 9 PCS
M/S SURESH
KUMARBRITANIA
BISCUITS
JOHA RICE
IJONG RICE
LIV 52
10
22
20
65
70 PKT
10 KG
10 KG
20BTLS
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M/S SHAKEEL
AHMED
STAR CEMENT
LAFARGE CEMENT
TISCON ROD
GOLD
COMPAQ COMPUTER
NIZONE BISCUITS
IZONG RICE
250
300
3500
10000
27000
12
20
40 BGS
20 BGS
5 QTL
9 CARAT
9 NOS
15PKT
20 KG
PRAKSH SAHA LG KEY BOARD
LG MONITOR
SILVER
BRITANIA BISC
LAFERGE CMNT
TISCON ROD
350
5500
600
12
270
3300
12 NOS
9 NOS
9CARAT
90 PKTS
80 BGS
90 QTL
PRADIP JHA STAR CEMENT
BISCON ROD
260
3000
50 BAGS
90 QTL
VAT RATE:
AGRICULTURE PRODUCT=EXEMPTSILVER/GOLD= 1%CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS=12.5%ELECTRONICS GOODS=40%OTHER ITEMS=4%
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PROBLEM ON CENTRAL SALE TAX(CST)
Doeacc society Guwahati purchase the following items from SONY SYSTEM LTd,New DelhiSL No ITEM RATE(Rs) QTL01 Sony Handycam 35000.00 10pcs02 Sony dvd player 12000.00 15pcs03 Sony tv 16000.00 15pcs04 Sony Cd 250.00 10bx of 10 pcs
The rate of CST for above item =3%
DOEACC society Guwahati sold the following item to Doeacc Kolkata(West Bengal)
SL No ITEM RATE(Rs) QTL01 Sony Handycam 37000 4pcs02 Sony dvd player 15000 3pcs03 Sony tv 17500 6pcs04 Sony Cd 350 5 bx of 10pcs
The rate of CST for above item =3%
Doeacc society Guwahati sold the following item to Doeacc Tezpur
SL No ITEM RATE(Rs) QTL01 Sony Handycam 37000 5pcs02 Sony dvd player 15000 4pcs03 Sony tv 17500 7pcs04 Sony Cd 350 5 bx of 10 pcs
The rate of CST for above item =4%
Process
Before ledger Press F11(&Process of as written in VAT Calculation)Enable value Added Tax-YESSET/Alter VAT DetailsYES
LEDGER INPUT CST(Under Duties And Taxes)PURCHASE CST(Under Purchase a/c)
OUTPUT CST-(Under Duties And Taxes)
SALES CST (Sales a/c)
TYPE OF DUTY?TAX=CST
DEFAULT VAT?TAX CLASS=Inter State sales
PERCENTAGE ON CALCULATION(EX..5%,3%,4%)
On Total SalesIN PURCHASE CST->
Used in VAT returns Yes-Inter sate purchases
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UNIT1.CONCEPT AND NATURE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
A.DEFINITION. B..NATURE OR CHARACTERISTICS OF ENREPRENEUR.C.FUNCTIONS OFENTREPRENEURSHIP.D.CLASSIFICATION OF ENTREPRENEURS
E.QUALITIES OF AN ENTREPRENEURS
UNIT2.PROMOTION OF A BUSINESS
A.DEFINITION OF PROMOTION AND PROMOTER B.STAGES OF PROMOTIONC.KINDS OF PROMOTERS D.ASPECTS OF PROMOTIONPROCEDURAL ASPECTS..AND
..LEGAL ASPECTS.
UNIT3.ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
A.MEANINGS OF EDP.B.OBJECTIVES OF EDP C. STEPS FOR STARTING SMALL
SCALE INDUSTRIES.D.SUPPORT INSTITUTIONS AND ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN
SUPPORTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT(06 hrs)
SYLLABUS
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Entrepreneurship can be defined by describing what entrepreneurs do. For example:
"Entrepreneurs use personal initiative, and engage in calculated risk-taking, to create new
business ventures by r aising resources to apply innovative new ideas that solve problems, meet
challenges, or satisfy the needs of a clearly defined market."The entrepreneur is often
associated with a person who star ts his own ;new and small business .
Who Are Entr epr eneu rs?
An entrepreneur may be referred to such a single person or agroup who promote a new
enterprise by collecting various factors of production and bearing the risk arising out of such
venture.
Definitions of ent re pr eneu r
An ent repreneur is an individual who takes moderat e r isks and brings innovation.
An entrepreneur is a person who has possession of a new enterprise, venture or idea and
assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome. An entrepreneur is
"one who undertakes an enterprise, especially a contractor, acting as intermediately between
capital and labour ."
The followings are the characterist ics of an ent rep reneur.
1 . In n ova to r: An entrepreneur is the person who innovates new things such as new
methods of production, new marketing techniques, new sources of raw materials, new
methods of working etc. So entrepr eneur to do something new which was not done
earlier.
2. Procuring factors of production : An entrepreneur procures various factors of
production for manufacturing a product or bringing out a service. He makes
arrangements for land, labour, capital, raw materials etc. required for setting up a
production process in motion.
CONCEPT AND NATURE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Definition
Nature or Characteristics of Entrepreneur
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3. Skil lfu l person : An ent repreneur has to arr ange various factors of production and co-
ordinate the activities of various employees. He should be a skillful person so that he is
able to synchronies var ious activities of the association.
4 . Decis ion maker: An entrepreneur has to take decisions with regard to the
establishment of business, its management and co-ordination of various resources.
Every activity of the business requires decision making. Entrepr eneur is the per son who
should take decisions by assessing various pros and cons so that no problem ar ise later
on.
5 . Pla n m ak er : Planning is one of the important functions of an entrepreneur. He
formulates the basic plan of the organization. With the help of planning, other functions
like organization, co-coordinating,controlling are undertaken.
.
FUNCTIONS OF AN ENTREPRENEUR
Principal function
Principal function
1.Discovery of an id ea :A person or a group of persons having entrepr eneurship and business
acumen conceiv idea of ventur ing an organization .such idea may relate to the formation of new
business unit ,diversification of an existing unit ,relationsation of an enterprise e tc.
2.Planning :Planning is the first step in the direction of setting up of an enterprise .The
entr epreneur prepares a scheme of proposed project in a formal systematic approach.
3.Organising: An entrepreneur co-ordinates, complies ,assembles and supervises land ,labour
and capital during the initial stage and at the performance stage, for optimum utilization of
recourses.
4. Decision m ak ing.: An ent repreneur as a decision maker takes various decision regarding
the following:
Principa l function s
1.Discovery of an idea
2.Planning
3.Organizing
4.Decision making
5.Management
6.Innovation
7Risk beraing 8.Uncertanity
bearing
Seconda r y Fun ctions
1.Diversification of
production
2.Expansion programme
3.Employer employee
relations
4.Tackling labour
problems
5.Co-ordinat ion with
Othe r function s
1.Management of
resources
2.Dealing with public
and bureaucracy
3.Acquiring factor y unit
4.Engineering
5.New product
6.Parallel opportunities
7. Marketing
Nature or Characteristics of Entrepreneur
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a. Ascerta ining the objective of the en terprise.
b.Final decision regarding procurement of machinery,materials,men,money and market.
c. Decision regarding appropriate technology, new equipments,etc
d. Decision on marketing product.
5.Management: An entr epreneur needs to manage not only the working of the venture but also
managing the day to day problems of the enterprise.It includes future expansion, growth andpolicies of the organization.
6.Innovation: Innovation may occur in any one of the following five forms.
Market ing of a new product
New technology in production.
Creation of new market.
Discovery of new and better mater ials
Creation of monopoly or breaking up monopoly.
7. Risk b ear ing: An entr epreneur undertakes the responsibilities for loss that may arise due to
unforeseen contingencies in future . He guarantees interest to creditors, wages to labour and
rent to the landlord and the total risk can not be insured.
8. Uncertainty bearings: Entrepreneur bears uncertainty and it refers to the uncertain trends
of market ,trade credit etc, which by nature can not be insured.
CLASSIFICATION OF ENTERPRENEURS
1.INNOVATING ENTREPRENEURS
These entrep reneur s are generally aggressive in experimentat ion who exhibit shrewdness in
putting attractive possibilities into practice .this type of entrepreneurs new goods ,new devices
,new method of production, open new markets and reorganize the enterpr ises.
2.IMITATING ENTREPRENEURS
These entrepreneurs adopt the methods techniques already successfully executed by
innovating entrepr eneurs. They are ready to follow whatever useful appears. They are ready to
follow whatever useful appears. They are also an important class of entrepreneurs with a
difference that they do not innovate the changes themselves, they just imitate t he techniques
and technologies developed by other s.
3.FABIAN ENTREPRENEURS
Fabian entrepreneurs are characterized by caution and skepticism in practicing any change.
They are neither interested in innovating or imitating others. They go on using traditional
methods of production .They are averse to any change and shy and lazy.
4.DRONE ENTREPRENEURS
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These entrepr eneurs are characterized by rigid and or thodox way of pursuing the t hings .They
are not pr epared to follow anything new. They want to continue with the same outmoded
techniques even they are r unning losses.
Being an entrepreneur is about more than just starting a business or two, it is about having
att itude and the dr ive to succeed in business. All successful Entrepreneurs have a similar way of
thinking and posses several key personal qualities that make them so successful in business.
Successful entrepreneurs like the ambitious Richard Branson have an inner drive to succeed
and grow their business, rather than having a Harvard Business degree or t echnical knowledge
in a par ticular field.
All successful entrepreneurs have the following qualities:
Inner Drive to Succeed Entrepreneur s are driven to succeed and expand their business. They
see the bigger picture and are often very ambitious. Entrepreneurs set massive goals for
themselves and stay committed to achieving them regardless of the obstacles that get in the
way.
Strong Belief in themselves Successful entrepreneurs have a healthy opinion of themselves
and often have a st rong and asser tive personality. They are focused and determined to achieve
their goals and believe completely in their ability to achieve them. Their self optimism can often
been seen by others as flamboyance or arrogance but entrepreneurs are just too focused to
spend too much time thinking about un-construct ive criticism.
Sear ch for New Ideas and Innovation All entr epreneur s have a passionate desire to do things
better and to improve their products or service. They are constantly looking for ways to
improve. They're creat ive, innovative and r esourceful.
Openness to Change If something is not working for them they simply change. Entrepreneurs
know the importance of keeping on top of their industry and the only way to being number one
is to evolve and change with the times. They're up to date with the latest technology or service
techniques and are always ready to change if they see a new opportunity arise.
Competitive by Nature Successful entrepreneurs thrive on competition. The only way to reach
their goals and live up to their self imposed high standar ds is to compete with other successful
businesses.
Highly Motivated and Energetic Entrepreneurs are always on the move, full of energy and
highly motivated. They are driven to succeed and have an abundance of self motivation. The
high standards and ambition of many entrepr eneurs demand that they have to be motivated!
Qualities of an Entrepreneur
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Acceptin g of Const ru ctive Crit icism an d Rejection Innovative entrepreneurs are often at the
forefront of their industry so t hey hear t he words "it can't be done" quite a bit. They readjust
their path if the criticism is constructive and useful to their overall plan, otherwise they will
simply disregard the comments as pessimism. Also, the best entrepreneur s know that rejection
and obstacles are a par t of any leading business and they deal with them appr opriately.
UNIT 2
DEFINITION OF PROMOTION
The promotion of every business requires a process to be followed. A number of formalities
have to be completed before a unit can come into existence. The length of process and the
number of formalities vary with the type of organization and scale of operations. It is easy to
start sole tr ade and partner ship concerns but a joint stock company requires lengthy process.
According to L.H .Haney, :Promotion may be defined as the process of organistion and
planning the finance of a business enterpr ise under t he corporate form
DEFINITION OF PROMOTERS
A promoter s conceives an idea for setting up a par ticular business at a given place and per forms
various formalities required for starting a company. A promoter may be an individual ,firm,
association of persons or a company. A promoter may be an individual ,firm, association of
persons or a company. The persons who assist the promoter in complting various legal
formalities are professional people like cunsels, solicitors ,Accountants etc.and not p romoters.
STAGES OF PROMOTION
1.DISCOVERY OF AN IDEA: The first stage in a company promotion is the conception of an
idea. The idea may be to exploit a new ar ea of natural resources or more p rofitable ventures in
an existing line of business. He develops an idea with the help of technical exper ts in t hat field.
2DETAILED INVESTIGATION: At t he second stage various factors relating to that business are
studied from a practical point of view. The promoters will estimate total demand for the
product. There may be certain concerns already in that type of business and so he will
determine his share of demand. After determining the prospective demand for goods he will
think of arranging finances for the ventur e.
3ASSEMBLING THE REQUIREMENTS: After making sure that the proposition is practical and
profitable, the promoter proceeds to assemble the requirements. He persuades some more
PROMOTION OF A BUSINESS
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persons t o join hands with him by becoming directors or founder members. If he has invented
something new, he should get it registered in his name.He may also acquire some patent r ights.
4FINANCING THE PROPOSITION: The promoter decides about the capital structure of the
company. The requirements of finances are estimated first.Then the sources from which this
money will come are determined .How much share capital will be issued ,the type of sharwe to
be issued ,and nature of the loans, whether debentures or borrowings from financial
institu tions for a longer t ime per iod all are finalished.
KINDS OF PROMOTERS
The promoters may be following types :
1 .Professional Promoters: These are the persons who specialize in promotion of companies.
They hand over the companies to share holders when the business starts.
2.Occasional p rom oter s: These promoters take interest in floating some companies. They are
not in promotion work on a r egular basis but ta ke up the promotion of some company and thengo to their earlier pr ofession. For instance, Engineers , lawyers etc.may float some companies .
3.Financial Promot ers. Some financial institution or financiers may take up the promotion of a
company. They generally take up this work when financial environment is favourable at the
time.
4.Man aging Agent As a Prom ote rs :In India, managing agents played an importing role in
promoting new companies and then got their Managing Agency right.
ASPECTS OF PROMOTION:
Promotional aspects may be divided into two categories:
1.Procedural decisions relating to planning and organizing a business (entrepreneurial
decisions}
2.Legal Aspects.
Procedur al Aspects
Business activities were limited and simple before industrial revolution. Goods were generally
produced for local markets. The arranging of various factors of production was nat a difficult
proposition.The procurement of various requirements,i.e,capital,raw materials,labour,etc.and
disposal of finished goods were all local issues. The industr ial revolution in the west change the
methods of production .The arranging of production on a large scale required procurement of
various factors of production on similar scale. Moreover, competition for the sale of goods has
become another impor tan t factor. the complexit6ies of business have increased manifold.
The main aspects generally confronted by business enterprise at the t ime of establishment
are
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1.Product Analysis 2.Marketing Products.3.Financial Planning 4.Size of business Unit 5.Internal
organization 6.location of the unit. 7.Plant layout. 8.Launching an enter prise.
Legal Aspects .
Legal aspects of promotion deals with the formalities required for setting up abusiness .A join
stock company requires a number of legal formalities before it can be set up.It has to deal with
the following aspects:
A. Registration or Incorporation
B. Capital Subscription.
C. Commencement of Business.
Steps for incorpor ating a compa ny. ..
A. Application For Approval of Name.
B. Preparat ion of Memorandum of Association (MOA)
C. Preparat ion of Art icles of Association (AOA)D. Preparation of Other Documents.
E. Payment of Fees.
F. Incorporation Certificate
UNIT 3:
MEANING OF EDP
Entrepreneur ial development programmed is developed to help a per son in strengthening his
Entrepreneurial motive and in acquiring skills and capabilities necessary for playing his
Entrepreneurial role effectively.it is necessary to promote enterpreneurials understanding of
motives, motivation pattern ,their impact on behavior.
Object ive of EDPs
Develop and strength their entr epreneur ial quality.
Analysis environmental set up re lating to small indust ry and small business.
Select pr oduct
Formulate project for the product
Know pros and cons in becoming an entrepreneur s
Develop a broad vision about the business.
Pha ses of EDPs
1) Pre- training Phase
a) Selection of entrepreneurs
b) Arrangement of infrastr ucture
Entrepreneurship Development PROGRAMME
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c) Tie-up of guest faculty for the training purpose. Like that
2) Training Phase
a) Purpose of training is to develop need for achievement
b) Role play as like entrep reneur
3) Post-training Phases
a) Follow- up
b) Review the pre- training work
c) Review the pr ocess of training programmes and
d) Review past tr aining approach
Steps to be taken Agency to be contacted
1. Product selection and preparation of Projectreport.
District Industries Centre/ Small Industries serviceInstitutes/ Technical consultancy agencies like CERI forspecified products.
2. Obtaining provisional or permanent registrationDistrict Industries centre/ Department of Industries andCommerce
3. For obtaining developed plots for constructionof a factory for obtaining shed in IndustrialEstates or ownership/ rental basis
District Industries Centres.
4. If agricultural land is to be used for industrialpurpose and permission from Thasildar toconcluded lease deed
Small Scale Industries Development Corporation
5. Obtaining licenses for the plan et.cRespective Corporation/ Municipality Punchayat, where theunit is to set up.
6. No objection certificate from pollution Respective State pollution control Boards.7. Registrat ion under the Factories Act Chief Inspector of factories and Boilers
8. Finance Commercial Banks/ IndustrialCooperative Bank
State finance Corporations for term loans
9. Registration for sales tax State Commercial Tax Office
10. Water Supply Water supply and sewage Board
11. Power Connection State Electricity Board
12. Processing congrolled raw material Joint Director (SSI)
13. For imported raw materials/ machinery andcomponents
The Joint Chief Controller of Imports and Exports
14. Obtaining machinery on hire /purchaseNational Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) RegionalOffices.
15. Foreign CollaborationThe foreign Investment promotion board, Ministry ofIndustrial Development, Govt. of India
16. ISI Certificate Bureau of Indian Standards Institution, New Delhi
17. Patent Right The Controller of Patent and Designs
18. Registration of Trade Marks Registrar of Trade Marks
19. Marketing Assistance
Internal Marketing
Export Marketing
Respective State Small Industries Marketing Corporation
Export Promotion Council /CellTrade Development authorityState Trading CorporationExport Credit Guarantee Corporation and Export Inspectionagency.
20. Testing, Training and other extension facilitiesSmall Industries Service Institutes and Regional TestingLaboratories
21. Product Development Assistance Project and product development
Steps for Starting small scale Industries
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Commercial banks
IDBI
IFCI
ICICI
LIC
UTI
SFCs
SIDBI
EXIM BANK
Support Institutions
NSIC
SIDO
SSIB
SSIDC
SISIs
DICS
INDUSTRIAL ESTATES
1 . Ce nt r e for In n ova tion , In cu ba tio n&
Entr epr eneur ship (CIIE) - IIM
Ahmedabad
Set up in 2001
Since inception CIIE has 15-odd innovations grow out of the
incubation centr e in varied technologies
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: Some Examples
Entrepreneurial Initiatives in India- Top Incubation Center
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2. Society for Innovat ion and Entrepreneurship (SINE)-I IT Bombay
Set up in 2004
It currently has 16 companies under its incubation programme
3. Cell for Tech Innovation, Development & entr epreneu rship support- IIT
Chennai
Set up in 2000
Organises national level competitions, Breakthrough (general
business plan competition) and Genesis (social entrepreneurship
plan competition)
4 . Socie ty fo r Innova t ion and Deve lopment (SID) - IISc, Ban galor e
o Set up in 2006
o The investigator is given a seed capital for Rs 20 lakh a year fortwo years as soft loan for the approved plan
5. The SP Jain Centre for Entrepreneurship Development- SPJIMR
o 16-week 'Start Your Own Business' programme-a public programme heldevery six months .
6. Technology Business Incubator (TBI) -BITS Pilan i
o In association with DST, BITS has established Technology Business
Incubator in t he area of embedded systems and VLSI design back in 2004
o So far, TBI has helped spawn t en companies.
7. Technology Incubation and Entrepreneurial Training Society (TIETS) IIT
Kharagpur
o Set up in 2005, So far, the institute has been able to incubate two companies
through
Concipio over the last t hree years . Besides, an in house panel has helped11-12 ventures take wing
8 . Nirma Labs, Nirma Un iver sity, Ahmedabad
Established in 2004 , Nirma Labs used to pr ide itself in a three-step model forstudents who were interested to start their own businesses-training,incubation and funding