Learning GoalsLearning Goals

The students will understand the Cultural The students will understand the Cultural exchanges between the Indians and the exchanges between the Indians and the settlers including the main items they settlers including the main items they introduced and traded with each other. introduced and traded with each other.

The students will gain an understanding of The students will gain an understanding of the Louisiana Purchase, the 3 expeditions the Louisiana Purchase, the 3 expeditions following this purchase and the boundaries following this purchase and the boundaries that were set with at least level 3 mastery that were set with at least level 3 mastery on the comprehension chart.on the comprehension chart.

Anticipation ChartAnticipation Chart What I Already Know What I Want To KnowWhat I Already Know What I Want To Know

What I Learned What I Learned

Cultural ExchangesCultural Exchanges European-Indian contact began to cause change European-Indian contact began to cause change

right away on both sides. Each contributed items to right away on both sides. Each contributed items to the others culture.the others culture.

In addition to corn, beans, and squash, Indians In addition to corn, beans, and squash, Indians introduced Europeans to pumpkins, avocados, introduced Europeans to pumpkins, avocados, pineapples, chocolate, and other edible products.pineapples, chocolate, and other edible products.

The Europeans brought peas, pears and apricots, The Europeans brought peas, pears and apricots, as well as wheatas well as wheat

Indians continued to trade with Europeans for most Indians continued to trade with Europeans for most of the metal items needs. Like Whites Indians of the metal items needs. Like Whites Indians wanted to own knives.wanted to own knives.

However, the most powerful metal item introduced However, the most powerful metal item introduced to the Indians was the gun. Gun trading was lively, to the Indians was the gun. Gun trading was lively, prosperous, and often times law breaking business prosperous, and often times law breaking business for frontier tradersfor frontier traders

American ExplorersAmerican Explorers

The European policy concerning land The European policy concerning land ownership in the New World was that the ownership in the New World was that the nation first discovering a region thereby nation first discovering a region thereby secured legal ownership. The inhabitants of secured legal ownership. The inhabitants of the land were insignificant, in the view of the land were insignificant, in the view of the European powers, and were considered the European powers, and were considered chattel, or moveable property, of the chattel, or moveable property, of the discovering government.discovering government.

After a discovery was made and claimed it After a discovery was made and claimed it became a pawn of peace, a spoil of war, or became a pawn of peace, a spoil of war, or a tool of bargain, as the government saw a tool of bargain, as the government saw fit.fit.

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase In 1801 Robert Livingston, American Minister to In 1801 Robert Livingston, American Minister to

France, began trying to buy the Isle of Orleans, a France, began trying to buy the Isle of Orleans, a narrow strip of land along the lower Mississippi narrow strip of land along the lower Mississippi leading to the Gulf.leading to the Gulf.

With several of his campaigns going badly, With several of his campaigns going badly, Napoleon Bonaparte found himself in need of Napoleon Bonaparte found himself in need of funds. He decided to sacrifice his dreams of French funds. He decided to sacrifice his dreams of French Imperialism in the New World for the money he Imperialism in the New World for the money he needed to fight his wars.needed to fight his wars.

He instructed his minister of Finance to sell all of He instructed his minister of Finance to sell all of Louisiana. In May 1803 the United States virtually Louisiana. In May 1803 the United States virtually doubled itself in area by purchasing Louisiana from doubled itself in area by purchasing Louisiana from France for the sum of 15 million dollar. Thus France for the sum of 15 million dollar. Thus Oklahoma became part of the United States.Oklahoma became part of the United States.

Lewis and ClarkLewis and Clark Thomas Jefferson was Thomas Jefferson was

President at the time of the President at the time of the Louisiana Purchase.Louisiana Purchase.

There were no clear There were no clear boundaries set for the boundaries set for the territory, but Spain controlled territory, but Spain controlled the land to the California the land to the California coast, and Jefferson knew an coast, and Jefferson knew an exact boundary needed top exact boundary needed top be established.be established.

The first expedition Jefferson The first expedition Jefferson sent out did not travel into sent out did not travel into Oklahoma. Meriwether Lewis Oklahoma. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were and William Clark were commissioned to explore the commissioned to explore the Missouri River westward to its Missouri River westward to its source and to find a passage source and to find a passage across the high mountains in across the high mountains in the westthe west

Wilkinson and PikeWilkinson and Pike The second expedition commissioned by Jefferson was the The second expedition commissioned by Jefferson was the

first official expedition into Oklahoma. Zebulon Montgomery first official expedition into Oklahoma. Zebulon Montgomery Pike and James Wilkinson set out in July 1806.Pike and James Wilkinson set out in July 1806.

They were to follow the Arkansas River, exploring the They were to follow the Arkansas River, exploring the territory all the way to its source and establish friendly territory all the way to its source and establish friendly relations with any people along the way.relations with any people along the way.

They split up along the way and Pike took his men on to They split up along the way and Pike took his men on to discover Pikes Peak in Coloradodiscover Pikes Peak in Colorado

Wilkinson stayed where he was and recorded all he had Wilkinson stayed where he was and recorded all he had seen and these became the first official records of seen and these became the first official records of Oklahoma.Oklahoma.

In his reports he referred to the land along the Arkansas In his reports he referred to the land along the Arkansas River as a paradise and claimed he saw “enough deer, River as a paradise and claimed he saw “enough deer, buffalo, and elk to feed all of the Indians in the United buffalo, and elk to feed all of the Indians in the United States for 100 Years.”States for 100 Years.”

Great Salt PlainsGreat Salt Plains The third expedition did not The third expedition did not

take place until 1811 when take place until 1811 when George Sibley was curious George Sibley was curious about the strange stories about the strange stories he heard about the salt he heard about the salt mountain and about the mountain and about the buffalo.buffalo.

Sibley was led across the Sibley was led across the praires of Kansas, praires of Kansas, Nebraska, and northern Nebraska, and northern Oklahoma.Oklahoma.

He finally came to the He finally came to the Great Salt Plains which he Great Salt Plains which he said was “glistening like a said was “glistening like a brilliant field of snow in the brilliant field of snow in the summer sun.”summer sun.”

Sibley made the first official Sibley made the first official record of the site which record of the site which geologist later reported had geologist later reported had once been a great salt sea.once been a great salt sea.

Early GovernmentEarly Government In 1812 the Territory of New Orleans was admitted to the In 1812 the Territory of New Orleans was admitted to the

Union as the state of Louisiana. The territory of Missouri Union as the state of Louisiana. The territory of Missouri was created and included the area that is now Oklahoma.was created and included the area that is now Oklahoma.

In 1819 Missouri Territory was divided and the Territory In 1819 Missouri Territory was divided and the Territory Arkansas was created, Northeastern and Southern Arkansas was created, Northeastern and Southern boundaries matched those of today’s state of Arkansas but boundaries matched those of today’s state of Arkansas but its western boundary extended all the way to the Spanish its western boundary extended all the way to the Spanish holdings on the west including Oklahoma.holdings on the west including Oklahoma.

Also in 1819 the southern and western boundaries of the Also in 1819 the southern and western boundaries of the area of the Louisiana Purchase were finally established.area of the Louisiana Purchase were finally established.

The Adams-Onis Treaty and agreement between Spain and The Adams-Onis Treaty and agreement between Spain and the United States set the following as the absolute the United States set the following as the absolute boundary between America and Spanish holdings in the boundary between America and Spanish holdings in the West.West.• West bank of the Sabine River from its mouth to the 32West bank of the Sabine River from its mouth to the 32ndnd • Along the red river to the 100Along the red river to the 100thth meridian meridian• North along the 100North along the 100thth to the Arkansas River to the Arkansas River

Oklahoma boundariesOklahoma boundaries

By the same treaty Spain gave up all By the same treaty Spain gave up all claims to Florida and Oregon, and the claims to Florida and Oregon, and the United States gave up all claims to United States gave up all claims to Texas as part of the Louisiana Texas as part of the Louisiana Purchase.Purchase.

Further, two future boundaries were Further, two future boundaries were established for the state – the Red established for the state – the Red River and the 100River and the 100thth Meridian Meridian

Chapters 3&4 Quiz• 1.) What was the European policy concerning land

ownership?• a.) The Nation that found the land should share it

with the Indians• b.) The Nation that found the land had ownership• c.) All land should be commonly owned

• 2.) What was the most powerful metal item that was introduced to the Indians?

• a.) Guns• b.) Swords• c.) Automobile

• 3.) What are inhabitants?• a.) People who sold land after they had discovered

it• b.) People who discovered new land• c.) The people that were on the land before

discovery

• 4.) What were the inhabitants of new found land considered?

• a.) Valuable slaves• b.) Valuable for their knowledge in the surrounding

land• c.) Chattel, or moveable objects

• 5.) Who instructed the French minister of finance to sell all of Louisiana?

• a.) Napoleon• b.) Christopher Columbus• c.) Amerigo Vespucci

• 6.) Why did the French sell Louisiana?• a.) Because the colonies of America forced them

to.• b.) Because they were constantly at war and

needed money• c.) Because they no longer wanted to be imperialist

• 7.) How much did the United States buy Louisiana for?

• a.) 15 Million dollars• b.) 5 Million dollars• c.) 15 Trillion dollars

• 8.) What did President Jefferson commission Lewis and Clark to do?

• a.) To clearly find a passage from the United States to Mexico

• b.) To find a passage through the high mountains of the West

• c.) To Find gold to fund the purchase of Louisiana

• 9.) Whose expedition was the first to include Oklahoma?

• a.) Lewis and Clark• b.) Vespucci and Columbus• c.) Wilkinson and Pike

• 10.) Who found the Great Salt Plains?• a.) Sibley• b.) Coronado• c.) Cortez

Chapters 3&4 Quiz• 1.) Describe the European policy concerning land ownership in terms of new found land?

• 2.) What was the most powerful metal item that was introduced to the Indians?

• 3.) What are inhabitants?

• 4.) What were the inhabitants of new found land considered?

• 5.) Who instructed the French minister of finance to sell all of Louisiana?

• 6.) Why did the French sell Louisiana?

• 7.) How much did the United States buy Louisiana for?

• 8.) What did President Jefferson commission Lewis and Clark to do?

• 9.) Whose expedition was the first to include Oklahoma?

• 10.) Who found the Great Salt Plains?