Biomolecules Lecture Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids.
Learning Goal: Describe carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Warm-up: Please identify...
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Transcript of Learning Goal: Describe carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Warm-up: Please identify...
Learning Goal: Describe carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.Warm-up: Please identify the main types of biomolecules in the foods pictured below
Pancake butter
syrup bacon orange juice
BIOMOLECULESBiological molecules, or biomolecules, are built
by joining atoms through covalent bonds.These smaller units are called monomers.MACROMOLECULES (large molecules)made by polymerization -large compounds
built by joining smaller ones together. 4 key macromolecules, critical for life.carbohydrates, lipids,nucleic acids and
proteins.
CHONPS: The Six Most Abundant Elements of Life
Most biological molecules are made from covalent combinations of six important elements, whose chemical symbols are CHNOPS.
Although more than 25 types of elements can be found in biomolecules, six elements are most common. These are called the CHNOPS elements; the letters stand for the chemical abbreviations of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
CARBOHYDRATES 1:2:1 RATIO of Carbon, Hydrogen
and Oxygen. Main source of energy for living things Monomers are glucose, fructose,
and galactose Also has structural purpose for living
things.1. Plant cells have cell walls made of
cellulose2. Animal cells store excess sugars as
glycogen
LIPIDSMade of Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen.
NOT soluble in water. store energy part of the cell membrane
Saturated-Solid at room temperature. No double bonds
Unsaturated-liquid at room temperature. Double bonds between carbons.
Monomers consist of fatty acids plus glycerol
PROTEINSComposed of Nitrogen, Carbon,
Hydrogen, and Oxygen.Monomers are called amino acids Control rate of reactions,also
function in transport and formation of bone and muscle cells.
Folded shape is important in enzyme recognition process.
NUCLEIC ACIDSComposed of Hydrogen, Oxygen,
Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus. Monomers are called nucleotides.
Phosphate groupNitrogenous baseSugar
Store and transmit hereditary information.
ex. DNA , RNA