Sociological classics and cultures Beata Bellandiová Zuzana Barboríková.
Learning foreign languages English as a world language Zuzana Keltnerová, C4A.
-
Upload
anis-powell -
Category
Documents
-
view
231 -
download
2
Transcript of Learning foreign languages English as a world language Zuzana Keltnerová, C4A.
Content
• Reasons for learning languages• Typical features of English• The history of English• Varieties of English
Reasons for learning languages
WORK AND BUSINESS
TRAVEL EDUCATION
CULTUREDEVELOPMENT OF YOUR LISTENING
SKILLS AND MEMORY
BREAKING DOWN
BARRIERS AMONG PEOPLE
Typical features of English
• Indo-European language family• West Germanic group of languages• the most widely used language• the largest vocabulary → over 500 000 words in the
Oxford English dictionary• 3 groups of English speakers• English as a first language: 375 million people• English as a second language: 380 million people• no declension using different endings• cases differentiated by prepositions• big differences between written and spoken forms
The history of English
THE CELTS• many centuries before the
Christian era• language similar to modern
Welsh (Wales) or Gaelic (Ireland) or Scottish Gaelic (Scotland)
The history of English
THE ROMANS• 55 B.C. → Julius Caesar
invaded Britain• 400 years• Old Latin
The history of English
THE ANGLO-SAXONS• 450 A.D.• northern Germany• Old English → similar to
modern German or Dutch• vocabulary of agriculture
(sheep, ox, earth, dog, swine, field, work)
• the most common words (you, is, the, here, there)
The history of English
THE 6TH CENTURY• Christianity brought Latin
and Greek• vocabulary related to the
Church (angel, devil, mass, shrine, priest, bishop)
• foreign words from the East (orange, pepper, India, ginger)
The history of English
THE VIKINGS• the 9th century • Danish and Norwegian• place names (Derby,
Grimsby, Rugby – those that end in –by)
• originally Danish words (get, leg, skirt, skin, same, want, raise, root, hide)
The history of English
THE NORMANS• 1066• French and Latin• words connected with
government, law, learning and the army (royal, sovereign, ascend)
The history of English
THE 12TH CENTURY• Old English had been
replaced by Middle English• Middle English = the written
version of the previously spoken Old English
• Geoffrey Chaucer • William Shakespeare
The history of English
FROM THE 14TH CENTURY ONWARDS• Ancient Greek (geography,
philosophy) • Latin (submarine,
supersonic)• the invention of the printing
press • the publication of the
authorized version of the Bible by King James in 1611
The history of English
THE ELIZABETHAN ERA(THE GOLDEN AGE)• British expansion into the world• new words from outside Europe: → Arabic (coffee, alcohol) → Indian languages (jungle,
pyjamas)→ Native American languages
(chocolate, tomato) → Chinese (tea)
The history of English
THE 17TH CENTURY• the first settlements in North
America and later in Australia• English as a mother tongue in
all the continents of the world• in each part it developed
differently → many varieties of English now
Varieties of English
STANDARD ENGLISH (BRITISH)
AMERICAN ENGLISH
AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH
CANADIAN ENGLISH
→ the language of educated English speakers which is used by the Government, the BBC or by the universities
→ isolation from the language changes in Britain
→ similar to British English → some differences in vocabulary → influenced by the Aboriginal language
→ something between Am. E. and Brit. E. → influenced by Canadian French and the Native American languages or Eskimo
Varieties of English
STANDARD ENGLISH X AMERICAN ENGLISH• the main differences between Standard English and
American English → pronunciation, intonation, spelling, vocabulary and sometimes in grammar
DIFFERENCES IN GRAMMAR• Have you got? X Do you have?• at the weekend X on the weekend
Varieties of English
STANDARD ENGLISH X AMERICAN ENGLISHDIFFERENCES IN PRONUNCIATION[a:] = [æ] class [klæ:s][o] = [a] hot [hat], not, coffee, doctor [daktə][a] = [ə] hurry [həri], courage [kəridž] [ju:] = [u:] student [stu:dənt], due [du:], new [nu:]
either [ˈiːðə]
Varieties of English
STANDARD ENGLISH X AMERICAN ENGLISHDIFFERENCES IN SPELLING• Am. E. tends to be shorter and simplercolour X colortravelled X traveleddialogueX dialogprogramme X programtheatre X theater
Varieties of EnglishSTANDARD ENGLISH X AMERICAN ENGLISH
DIFFERENCES IN VOCABULARY
STANDARD ENGLISH AMERICAN ENGLISH
rubbish/litter garbage/trash
film movie
holiday vacation
shop store
flat apartment
pavement sidewalk
trousers pants
purse/wallet billfold
lift elevator
Cockney rhyming slang• Cockney = someone born in the East End of London• the underworld of London´s East End• secret language of people on the other side of the lawCOCKNEY DICTIONARY• bread and honey = money → How much bread have you got? • rabbit and pork = talk → He is always rabbiting about his car. • loaf of bread = head → You should try using your loaf a bit
more. • Adam and Eve = believe → Would you Adam and Eve it?• Captain Cook = book• Britney Spears = beers