LEARNING DISABILITIESHannah Paschal

Arkansas State University

hannah.paschal@smail.astate.edu

WHAT IS A LEARNING DISABILITY?

A learning disability is a neurological disorder. In simple terms, a learning disability results from a difference in the way a person's brain is "wired." Children with learning disabilities are as smart or smarter than their peers. But they may have difficulty reading, writing, spelling, reasoning, recalling and/or organizing information if left to figure things out by themselves or if taught in conventional ways.

TYPES OF LEARNING DISABILITIES

Dyslexia

Dyscalculia

Dysgraphia

Dyspraxia

ADHD

Auditory Processing Disorder

Visual Processing Disorder

DYSLEXIA: LANGUAGE AND READING DISABILITY.

•74% of students with dyslexia who are not diagnosed by the 2nd

grade stay under the dyslexic category into adulthood.

•Dyslexia is the most common learning disability.

•Dyslexia is a LD that you cannot outgrow, just cope with.

•Dyslexia runs in families.

DYSCALCULIA: PROBLEMS WITH ARITHMETIC AND MATH CONCEPTS.

•Dyscalculia seems to be common among families.

•Dyscalculia may be rooted in the brain’s parietal lobe.

•Dyscalculia does not discriminate between gender.

•It can be tough to diagnose and also incurable.

DYSGRAPHIA: A WRITING DISORDER THAT LEADS TO ILLEGIBILITY.

A. Symptoms of dysgraphia include:

•Trouble with shape-discrimination and letter spacing.

•Trouble with organizing words on page from left to right.

•Trouble writing on a line and inside margins.

•Trouble reading maps, drawing or reproducing a shape.

•Slowly copies text.

DYSPRAXIA: PROBLEMS WITH MOTOR COORDINATION.

•Affects fine and/or gross motor coordination in children and adults.

•Thought to be caused by a disruption in the way messages from the brain are transmitted to the body.

•Dyspraxia is a neurological disorder throughout the brain that results in life-long impaired motor, memory, judgment, processing, and other cognitive skills.

•Dyspraxia impacts the immune and central nervous systems.

•Each dyspraxic person has different abilities and weaknesses as dyspraxia often comes with a variety of several other impairments.

ADHD: CHRONIC CONDITION MARKED BY PERSISTENT INATTENTION, HYPERACTIVITY, AND SOMETIMES IMPULSIVITY.•Begins in childhood and often lasts into adulthood.

-Many people with ADHD do not grow out of it like other disabilities.

a. Some Symptoms include:

1. problems focusing during tasks or play.

2. problems organizing tasks and activities.

3. Avoids or doesn't like tasks that require mental effort.

4. Fidgety, talks all the time, blurting out answers, problems waiting their turn.

AUDITORY PROCESSING DISORDER: DIFFICULTY PROCESSING AND REMEMBERING LANGUAGE-RELATED TASKS.

•A disorder affecting the ability to understand speech.

•Can't be cured, but treatment may help.

•Kids with APD have trouble telling stories or jokes. They may avoid conversations with peers because it’s hard for them to process what’s being said and think of an appropriate response.

•ADP have trouble with reading and spelling, which require the ability to process and interpret sounds.

VISUAL PROCESSING DISORDER: OR PERCEPTUAL, DISORDER REFERS TO A HINDERED ABILITY TO MAKE SENSE OF INFORMATION TAKEN IN THROUGH THE EYES.

•Common for children under the age of 7 to reverse letters or numbers when writing or to make letter substitutions when reading.

•Often have difficulties with poor visual contrast sensitivity, such as glare, eye sensitivity, and difficulty reading letters.

•The best learning environment for a child with visual processing disorder is a multisensory setting.

FACTS ABOUT LEARNING DISABILITY

1 out of every 5

people have a

learning

disability.

43% of LD- living

at or below the

poverty level.

There is no cure for a

Learning Disability.

48% of those with LD

are unemployed.

Children with

Dyslexia use

almost five times

as much brain

area as other

children while

doing a simple

language task.

REFERENCE PAGE

•Google Image

•https://ldaamerica.org/types-of-learning-disabilities/

•http://www.ldonline.org/ldbasics/whatisld

•https://add.org/adhd-facts/