Learning Curve Ppt
Transcript of Learning Curve Ppt
![Page 1: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LEARNING CURVE
![Page 2: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
GROUP MEMBERS
Timsy Aggarwal - 7404 Forum Anam - 7405 Rucha Asolkar - 7407 Kinjal Gandhi - 7427 Srushti Kshirsagar - 7449
![Page 3: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Learning curve
“The term learning curve refers to a graphical representation of the changing rate of learning for a given activity or tool.”
![Page 4: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
Also called improvement curve or progress curve
Graphical representation rate of improvement rate of change in average cost Employed in setting incentive rate
schemes Relation between cumulative output and
average unit cost
![Page 5: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
EXAMPLE
An 80 percent learning curve means the per unit average cumulative cost (in hours or dollars) falls to 80 percent of the previous per unit average cumulative cost as the cumulative output doubles.
![Page 6: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
History
1885- Hermann Ebbinghaus, the 1st person time required to memorize a nonsense
syllable increased sharply as the number of syllables increased
1934- Arthur Bills, psychologist discussed the properties of different types
of learning curves 1936 - Theodore Paul Wright effect of learning on labour productivity in
the aircraft industry mathematical model of the learning curve
![Page 7: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY
1st copy of new airplane - $100million
2nd copy of new airplane - $80million
4th copy of new airplane - $64million
8th copy of new airplane -$51 million
![Page 8: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Types of learning curve
Steep learning curve.
Flat or gradual learning curve.
![Page 10: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Steep learning curve:-
Large gain of knowledge in the early stage.
Rules are simple and quickly learn
Difficult skill to learn.
Harder to climb.
Eg:- Chess
![Page 11: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Flat or gradual learning curve:-
Rate of knowledge is slowly spaced.
Gives ample time to imprint the procedure or skills.
![Page 12: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
LEARNING CURVE FORMULATION
![Page 13: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Margin cost model
Formula :-
Ycx = ax-b
where, Ycx = average cost of the first x units, a = the first unit cost, x = the cumulative unit number output,
b = the learning elasticity, which defines the slope of the learning curve.
![Page 14: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Direct labour hour model
Formula:
Y = KXn
where, Y = the number of direct labor hours required to
produce the Xth unit,K = the number of direct labor hours required to produce the first unit,X = the cumulative unit number,n = log ϕ/log 2,ϕ = the learning rate, and1 - ϕ = the progress ratio.
![Page 15: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Learning curve
Positive Curves
Learn slowly at first and then faster later on.
Learning is accelerating.
Eg: student learning calculus.
Negative Curves
Learn quickly at first and then our progress slows.
Learning is slowly.
Eg: a child learning to tie her shoes.
![Page 16: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
MANAGERIAL USES
Pricing
Production
Financial planning
Modernise or replace decisions
![Page 17: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
OTHER USES
• Capacity analysis and resource planning.• Cost-reduction proposals pricing.• Direct labour cost.• Estimation of production-line performance.• Break even estimation.• Cost estimation, pricing and staff planning.• Incentives for aggressive pricing in early
phases of a product life cycle.
![Page 18: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
LEARNING CURVE EFFECT
“The learning effect states that the more often a task is performed, the less time will be required on each iteration”.
Eg:- aircraft manufacturing, ship building, bridge construstion, new product development,etc.
![Page 19: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
REASONS FOR THE EFFECT OF LEARNING CURVE
Labour efficiency Standardisation, specialisation and
methods of improvement Technology driven learning Changes in resource mix Product redesign Value chain effects Shared experience effect
![Page 20: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
LEARNING CURVE - zigzag
![Page 21: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
LIMITATIONS
Depends on many assumptions Best results only in static system Difficulty in application Zigzag curve Old technique Money and time constraints Not accurate
![Page 22: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Case-study
Douglas Aircraft.
![Page 23: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Factors that affecting learning curves:-
a) The inherent capacity of an operation to improve.
b) The degree to which the capacity is exploited.
![Page 24: Learning Curve Ppt](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061122/54702c49b4af9f141c8b464e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Conclusion