Learning

By:

Cierra Manley

Shamequa Walker

Chalonda Abrams

Cherell German

By association Associative learning is linking two events that

occur close together.

These two events come in two stimuli: Classical Conditioning

& Operant Conditioning

Classical conditioning -is a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli.

Behaviorism –the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental process.

Unconditioned stimuli –a stimulus that unconditionally –naturally and automatically triggers a response.

Unconditioned response –naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus such as food

Conditioned stimulus –trigger a conditioned response

Extending Pavlov’s Experiment

Classical Condition goes hand and hand with cognition .

For example you would be given a alcohol spiked with a drug that would make u nauseated which then you can blame the nausea on the drug .

This shows the way think can determine what we associate things with.

Pavlov LegacyPavlov Legacy

His legacy taught us that classical conditioning is one way that virtually all organisms learn to adapt to their environment.

He also showed us how a process such as learning can be studied objectively.

Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning- Explains and

trains behaviors such as teaching a child to say please or training an elephant to walk on its hind legs.

Respondent Behavior- Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus.

Operant Behavior- So called because the behavior operates on the environment to produce rewarding and punishing stimuli.

B. F. SkinnerB. F. Skinner

B.F Skinner’s Experiments B.F Skinner was a college

English major and an aspiring writer who seeking a new direction entered graduate school in psychology. Using Thorndike’s law of effect as a starting point he developed a behavioral technology that revealed principles of behavior control.

He designed an Operant Chamber popularly known as Skinner’s Box which he experimented with rats and later used pigeons.

The box has a bar or key that the animal presses or pecks to release a reward of food or water, and a device that records these responses.

Operant conditioning experiments have done more than teach us how to pull habits out of a rat. They have showed us precise conditions that foster efficient and enduring learning.

Shaping Behavior

In his experiments Skinner used shaping, a procedure in which, reinforcers, such as food gradually guide an animal’s actions toward a desired behavior.

In everyday life we continually reward and shape behavior of others, said Skinner but we do it unintentionally. Sometimes we unthinkingly reward behaviors we find annoying.

Shaping Behavior He knows his

yelling is annoying and that if he keeps it up long enough his mom will give him a reward just to shut him up.

The mom knows her son will keep misbehaving until she gives in to his foolishness.

He knows his yelling is annoying and if he keeps up his behavior his mom will give him whatever it is that he wants. The mom knows that her son will keepacting up until she rewards him.

Types Of Reinforcers

1. Negative Reinforcement>>>

“Take away a aversive stimulus ”

2. Positive Reinforcement>>>>

“Add a desired stimulus”

Types Of Reinforcers Cont.

3. Primary Reinforcers

“GETTING FOOD WHEN HUNGRY

4. Conditioned Reinforcers

“BEING RELIEVED FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK

5. Immediate Reinforcers

“GIVING A RAT A PIECE OF CHEESE IN AN EXPERIMENT WHEN HE PRESSED THE CORRECT BUTTON”

6. Delayed Reinforces “PAYCHECK AT THE

END OF THE WEEK, GOOD GRADES AFTER A LONG SEMESTER.”

Types of Punishments Punishments are

the the opposite of reinforcments. They decrease behavior.

Positive>parking ticket

Negative>Privileges taken away

What Children See Is What Children Do

Skinners Legacy

B. F. Skinners was one of the most controversial intellectual figures of the late 20th Century. He believed external influences (not thoughts and feelings) shaped and influenced behavior of people at school, sports, work and at home.