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Learners Who AreDeaf or Hard of

Hearing me ofpresentation

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One whose hearing disability precludes successful processing of 

linguistic information throughaudition, with or without ahearing aid.

DEAF PERSON

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HARD OF HEARING PERSON

CONGENIALITY DEAF- deafness thatis present at birth

 ADVENTITIOUSLY DEAF- deafnessthat occurs through illness or accident

PRELINGUAL DEAFNESS- deafnessthat occurs before the development of spoken language

POSTLINGUAL DEAFNESS- deafness

occurring after the development of speechand language

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGYOF THE EAR

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE(EARDRUM)- the anatomical boundary between the outer andmiddle ears; the sound gathered inthe outer ear vibrates here.

 AURICLE- collects the sounds and

funnels them via the externalauditory canal to the eardrum.

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OSSICLES- efficient transfer of sound waves from the eardrum.

 VESTIBULAR MECHANISM- sensitive

to head movement, acceleration, and othermovements related to balance.

COCHLEA- converts signals intoelectrical signals that transmitted to the

 brain.

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IDENTIFICATION OF HEARINGIMPAIRMENT

SCREENING TEST- done by theaudiologist for infants and screeningtest for school-age children.

PURE TONE AUDIOMETRY- atest whereby tones of variousintensities and frequencies are

presented to determine a person'shearing level.

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SPEECH AUDIOMETRY- a techniquethat tests a person's detection andunderstanding of speech, rather than using

pure tones to detect. TESTS FOR YOUNG AND HARD-TO-

TEST CHILDREN- the individuals testedunderstand what is expected of them.

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 What are causes hearing impairments?

Conductive hearing impairment - ahearing impairment, usually mild,resulting from malfunctioning along theconductive pathway of the ear.

Sensorineural hearing impairment ±a hearing impairment, usually severe,resulting from malfunctioning of the inner

ear.

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Mixed hearing impairment ± a hearingimpairment resulting from a combinationof conductive and sensorineural hearing

impairments.

External otitis ± an infection of the skinof the external auditory canal; also called

swimmer¶s ear.

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The most common problem of themiddle ear is otitis media ²

inflammation of the middle ear

Causes of inner-ear disorders can be

hereditary or acquired.

Connexin-26 gene. Congenital cytomegalovirus.

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 What are some Psychological andBehavioral Characteristic of learner

having impairments? Children who are deaf have large

deficits in academic achievement.

Reading ability.

Children who are deaf who have deaf parents have higher reading

achievement and better languageskills than do those who have hearingparents.

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Families that are more involved in theirchild¶s education seek knowledge abouttheir child¶s condition to provide guidance.

A person who is deaf can face problem in

finding others with whom they cancommunicate.

Many students who are deaf are at a risk for loneliness.

C

hild who is deaf and has hearing parentsruns a greater risk of being unhappy.

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What are some educationalconsiderations for learner with

hearing impairments?

Oralism - manualism

debate Totalcommunicationapproach Bicultural- bilingualapproach Auditory - verbalapproach Auditory -oralapproach

Speech reading

Cued speech Homophones Signing Englishsystems Finger spelling

Text telephone Video relay service

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HOW DO PROFESSIONALSASSESS STUDENTS· WITH

HEARING IMPAIRMENTSACADEMIC PROGRESS?

Using sign language, professionalscan implement CBM to monitorprogress in reading fluency, readingcomprehension and math.

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A few standardized tests are availableto assess academic outcomes of students with hearing impairments.

Most common accommodations forstandardized assessments involvesusing sign language both for thedelivery of administratordirections/instructions and studentresponses.

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 WHAT ARE SOME THINGS TOCONSIDER WITH RESPECT TO

EARLY INTERVENTION FORLEARNERS WITH HEARING

IMPAIRMENTS?

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Families of children who are deaf whohave hearing parents might be ingreater need of early interventionprogramming than families in whichthe parents are deaf.

Because it is difficult for hearingparents to become fluent in sign

language, native signers are a part of some intervention program.

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 WHAT ARE SOME THINGS TOCONSIDER WITH RESPECT TOTRANSITION TO ADULTHOOD

FOR LEARNERS WITH HEARING

IMPAIRMENTS?

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A common accommodation in collegeis the use of sign languageinterpreters.

Ninety percent of the children of twoparents who are deaf have normalhearing. These children often facechallenges of negotiating between the

Deaf communities and hearingsociety.

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There has been a long tradition of preparing many students who aredeaf for manual trades; however,these trades are disappearing.

Expanded transition programming,postsecondary education, and publicawareness promises a brighteroutlook for adults who are deaf.