Ç-C¢√®Ωç 7 -ï-†-´-J 2018 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2Ajay Viswanaduni

Q: Sir, we are chatting in English as per our knowledge.But while talking to others (Directly) in English, theflow is missing. So how to resolve this one?

A: What is important is practice. The more you speak inEnglish wrongly or rightly, without any fear of makingmistakes, your English will improve. Don't be afraid ofmaking mistakes; through mistakes we learn. Avoidfear. Whenever you have an opportunity, speak only inEnglish. Language is mostly a matter of practice.Secondly, listen to English news telecasts every day.

Read the newspaper every day. This will help you a lot.Sanyasirao

Q: Sir, I want to know about tenses. How can we find outwhether it is a present, past or future?

A: Am, is, are, verbs like go (with I, we, you and they) andgoes (with he, she and it), do, does, have, has, verbsbeginning with have / has are all present tense forms. Was / were, verbs like went, sang, liked, did, had, verbs

beginning with had are all past tense forms.All verbs beginning with shall / will are future tense

forms.

K. Eswaraiah, Guntakal

Q: Sir, please translate the following sen-tences into Telugu.

1. What is the aim of the land for run.2. Then what should be the choice for India.3. I am going fight to the last.4. I will stick that last.5. Get tuffs get going.6. Hard to be parted form.7. The law is what matters.8. Father figure. 9. Hands in gloves10. Get yourself tested11. He can't see wood for the trees.12. He took me off to the school.A: 1) -D-E Ææç-ü¿®Ωs¥ç -ûÁ-LÊÆh -ûª°æp -Å®Ωnç -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’.2) -Å°æ¤p-úø’ -¶μ«®Ω-û˝ -üË-Eo -áç-éÓ-¢√-L?3) -*-´-J-üΔé¬ -§Ú®√-úø-û√-†’.4) -üΔ-Eo --ØË-†’ -*-´®Ω -Åç--öÀ≤ƒh-†’.5) -É-C 'Get tough, get going' = -'Eéπ\-*aí¬ -

Öç-úÕ °æE é¬-E-´¤y—, é¬-F Ææç-ü¿®Ωs¥ç -ûÁ-LÊÆh -ûª°æp-D-E -Å®Ωnç Ææ-Jí¬ -îÁ°æp-™‰ç.

6) -N-úÕ-§Ú-´-úøç éπ-≠ædçí¬ -Öç-ô’ç-C.7) -îª-ôdç -´·-êuç. 8) -ûªç-vúÕ-™«ç-öÀ -¢√-úø’9) -äéπ-J-ûÓ -äéπ®Ω’ -îË-ûª’-©’ éπ-©°æ-úøç, -´’ç--*/ -îÁúø’

-îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊10) °æ-Kéπ~ -îË®·ç-éÓ11) -*-†o-*-†o -N-≠æ-ߪ÷-©-†’ -´÷-vûª-¢Ë’ -Å®Ωnç -îËÆæ’èπ◊-E,

°ü¿l -N-≠æ-ߪ÷-©’ °æ-öÀdç-éÓéπ-§Ú-´-úøç12) -†-†o-ûª-úø’ -•-úÕéÀ -BÆæ’Èé-∞«x-úø’.

Q: Sir, please translate the following intoEnglish.

1. -Ñ Æœ-¢Á’ç-ô’-™ -@-´ç -Öç-C.2. -Ç-úø°œ-©x -îª-ü¿’-´¤ -Å-´-EéÀ -¢Á-©’í∫’.3. -v°æéπ%-A -́ u-́ -≤ƒ-ߪ’ç (Ææ’-¶μ«-≠ˇ -§ƒ-™‰éπ®˝ -Å-ØË -̈ »-ÆæY-¢Ë-ûªh -

D-E -í∫’-Jç-* -v°æ-î√®Ωç -îËÆæ’hç-ö«®Ω’)4. -äéπ\-úË, -´’ç-V-Ø√-ü∑¿’-úÌéπ\-úË.5. éπ-©xç-™ éπ-Fo-öÀ -¢√-†. 6. -¢√Ææh-´ç-™éÀ -¢Á-©’í∫’ éπ-©.7. éπ-ûª’h--©’ -ü¿÷Æœ-† -°æ¤ç-V-©’ 8. ®√-ïéÃ-ߪ’ ---véÀ-F-úø-©’.9. -Ø√-†oèπ◊ -vÊ°-´’-ûÓ 10. -îÁ-´’-ô-©’ °æ-öÀdç-î√-úø’.11. -ØË-†’ -¢√--∞¡x--ûÓ -Å-vT-¢Á’ç-ö¸ ®√®·ç-èπ◊-Ø√o--†’.12. --؈éπ-†’ -Ø√-Né¬ -ü¿-∞«-Cμé¬-J -ï-© -v°æ-¢Ë-¨¡ç -îË-®·ç-î√®Ω’.A: 1) This cement has life in it. 2) A woman's education lights up the world. 3) Agriculture without the use of fertilizers /

Organic agriculture. 4) There is only one god, that is

Manjunath. 5) Rain of tears in the agricultural

field. 6) I don't understand the meaning of

it. Perhaps the translation is, 'Thedream of light in reality'.

7) No correct translation for it. 8) Political shadows 9) To dad with love

10) He made me sweat with fear 11) I had them write the agreement. 12) The navy chief launched the ship.

1. Passionate = Showing or caused bystrong feelings (¶μ«¢Ó-üËy-í∫çûÓ Ö†o).

Eg: The speaker made a passionaterequest to the listeners not to yield tocorruption.

★ Passionate X Apathetic / indifferent (v¨¡ü¿l¥™‰E/ ÅØ√-Ææ-éÀhí¬ Ö†o).

Eg: Some leaders are apathetic/indifferentto people's welfare.

2. Sumptuous = Expensive and of highquality (î√™« êK-üÁj†/ Öûªh´’ v¨ÏùÀéÀ îÁçC†)

Eg: They served us a sumptuous meal.

★ Sumptuous X Economical (-§Ò-ü¿’°j-†).

Eg: In spite of their wealth, they are veryeconomical.

3. Scandal = An immoral action causingpublic anger (v°æï-©èπ◊ éÓ°æç éπL-TçîË ÅN-F-A-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† °æE).

Eg: Most of our ministers are involved inscandals.

★ Scandal X honour (íı®Ω´ç)

4. Degraded = Show disrespect to someone(á´-J-ØÁjØ√ éÀçîª-°æ-JîË).

Eg: Because of his corrupt practices hehas been degraded from hisrespectable position.

★ Degraded X Elevate / promote (áûªh-®·†≤ƒn†ç™ Öç/ Ö†o-B-éπ-Jç).

Eg: Because of his honesty he has beenelevated to a higher position.

5. Antidote = A medicine which acts againstpoison (N≥ƒ-EéÀ N®Ω’-í∫’úø’).

Eg: This will act as an antidote to the poi-son she has taken.

★ Antidote X venom / poison. (N≠æç)

Eg: He has taken poison to commit sui-cide.

G. Nageswara RaoQ: Most of the times while listening English

news/ conversation on radio, I haveobserved, 'I would say' or 'I would recom-mend' what is the meaning of 'I would' inthe context?

A: 1) Here, 'would' means wish. I would say= I wish to say.

Q: a) Minister said last year he would con-struct a club in the town, but not yet con-structed.

b) Minister said last year he will construct aclub in the town, but not yet constructed.- Which sentence is correct?

A: Yes, if the work is not completed till now,we can use will, but would is always better.'I will say' refers to the future = I am goingto say in future.

Syed Azeez

Q: Sir, please explain correct usage of thiswords: Could, would, has, had, been,might, should, have.

A: 'Could' expresses ability to do something inthe past. Eg: I could understand what hesaid yesterday = I was able to understandwhat he said yesterday. However, 'could'means to be able to do something in thepast, but did not do it. 'Would' is often used as the past tense of

will. Eg: He says he will do it (Present tense).He said he would do it (in the past). Would has

other meanings too. 'Would' sometimes means'wish'. Eg: I would (wish) rather go than stayhere. 'Would' also means preference. It hasother meanings too.

'Has' means to own / possess something,and 'has' is always used with he, she and it,whereas 'have' is used with I, we, you, andthey. Eg: a) He/ she has a lot of property. Eg: b) The car (it) has four wheels. 'Had' is thepast form of have/ has. They had a lot of prop-erty (in the past). He had a car (in the past).

'Been' is not used independently. It is usedas, have been, has been, and had been. I/ we/you/ they have been, and he/ she/ it has beenmeans that I/ we/ you/ they have been, andhe/she/it has been at some place or in someposition starting from sometime in the past andare there till now or even now.

'Should' = must. He should do it = Hemust do it (duty / compulsion / necessity).

Srinu Saibaba

Q: Sir, please let me know the meaning of thefollowing words.

i) Somebody else ii) Someone else iii) In some way or the other iv) In spite of (eg: In spite of initiate stringent

action on corruption somebody else arecatching somewhere else).

A: i) Somebody else = ii) someone else =some other person. Eg: He did not do it,but somebody else/ someone else did it.

iii) In some way or the other = in any way. iv) In spite of = despite. (though / but). Eg: In spite of his wealth, he does not spend

much = He is rich, but he does not spendmuch.

★ Though very strict action is taken, somepeople continue to be corrupt.

Kantipudi Kameswara RaoQ: Respected sir, please let me know whether

the following sentence is correct or not.He saw a young lady of no more than 17.A: The sentence is correct, though he saw a

young lady of not more than 17 is better.However, till the age of 18, girls are calledgirls and not ladies.

'Leaps and bounds' means...?-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ -§ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ.. www.eenadupratibha.net

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net

O’ -v°æ--¨¡o-©’ °æç-§ƒ-Lq-† -*®Ω’-Ø√-´÷...-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ, -v°æ-A-¶μº -N-¶μ«í∫ç,

Ñ-Ø√--úø’ 鬮√u-©-ߪ’ç, - ®√-¢Á÷-@ °∂œ-™¸t Æœ-öÃ, -Å-Ø√-ñ¸°æ‹®˝, ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.

973

VOCABULARY

- M. Suresan

Writer

P.V. Madhu

Q: Dear Educator, please clarify the followingdoubts of English grammar.

i) Does communication mean good speakingskills ONLY? or ALSO includes good skillsof reading, writing, expressing, listening,smiling, friendly & encouraging nodding?

A: Communication skills mean, not only goodspeaking skills, but also communicatingyour ideas in writing too, and sometimesby signs and gestures. It also includes lis-tening skills.

Q: i) Leaps and bounds ii) Far and wide – -O-öÀéÀ-Å®Ωnç -à-N’-öÀ?

A: i) Make progress very quickly ii) Over a large area. Eg: His name spread far

and wide.

Ç-C¢√®Ωç 14 -ï-†-´-J 2018 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Deepti

Q: Sir, please explain meanings of the words.1) Attitude 2) Character

A: 1) The way you understand, think of some-thing and the way you behave towardssomebody.

2) The combination of all the qualities of a per-son (äéπ ´uéÀh Q©ç – ÅûªE/ Ç¢Á’ í∫’ù«©éπ©-®·éπ).

Q: Sir, please translate the sentenceinto English. ®Ω÷-™¸q -Å-ØË-N -îÁ°æ¤péÓ-´--ú≈-EÍé, -§ƒ-öÀç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ é¬-ü¿’.

A: Rules are there only for saying butnot for practice.

Q: Sir, please tell me the differencebetween the following words withsuitable examples.

a) Being b) BeenA: a) Being = Being now (É°æ¤púø’ Öçúøôç/

É°æ¤púø’ Öçúøôç ´©x)b) Been = Being in the past (í∫ûªç™ Öçúøôç)

Q: What are the differences among: Filter water, Distilled water, Mineral Water.

A: Filter water = water filtered to make it freefrom solid impurities.

★ Distilled water = water unmixed with anyother substance, solid, liquid, or gas.

★ Mineral water = Natural water with somesalts dissolved in it, sold as drinking water.

However in India, mineral water sold in

bottles is purified water to which certain saltsand mineral are added.

Neelima, Medak

Q: Sir, please give me the meanings of the fol-lowing Idioms / Phrases in Telugu with oneexample for each.

1. Tone and Tenor 2. Walk a tight rope3. Between the linesA: 1) 'Tone and tenor' is not aStandard English expression. Tonemeans, the quality of the voice of aperson, and tenor means, the highestlevel of a man's voice. You can takethe meaning of tone and tenor as whatyou wish to say and the voice in whichyou say it. But this expression is notaccepted as correct (´’†ç ´÷ö«xúË B®Ω’,

üμÓ®ΩùÀ).2) To be very cautious / to do something in

such a way that it does not hurt others (î√™«ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçúøôç/ Éûª-®Ω’© ´’†Ææ’èπ◊ ØÌ°œp éπ©-í∫-èπ◊çú≈ àüÁjØ√ ´÷ö«x-úøôç/ îËߪ’úøç).

Eg: You have to walk a tight rope in a quarrelbetween two of your friends.

3) To try to understand the real meaningbehind what a person says / to understandsomething that a person does not say direct-ly (äéπJ ´÷ô-™xE í∫÷úμ≈®Ωnç).

Eg: To understand what he wanted to say, Ihad to read between the lines.

Kalali Saraswathi

Q: Sir, please explain the following:1) Pulls up 2) Ramp up 3) Swoops down 4) Mows down

A: 1) Pulls up - original form: to pull up = toscold someone for something wrong theyhave done.

Eg: The teacher pulled up the student forsleeping in the class.

2) Increase or make the price of somethingincrease.

Eg: Because of heavy taxes, the car makeshave ramped up the prices of cars.

3) Jump down on something and attack it.Eg: The kite (í∫-ü¿l) swooped down on thechicken and carried it away.

4) a) Destroy in great numbers especially ina battle

Eg: The tanks mowed down the enemy armyand killed a number of them.

b) Attack someone by very powerful argu-ments.

Eg: The opposition party leader moweddown the arguments of the PrimeMinister.

Q: Give me an example showing diffrencebetween assure and ensure.

A: Assure = tell someone certainly/ guaran-tee.

Eg: He assured me of his help. ★ Ensure = make sure. Please ensure that

we reach the place safely. - Renuka

Q: What is the meaning of 1. Misreading thetea leaves. 2. Punch bag?

A: 1) Reading the tea leaves at the bottom ofa cup means, looking for a sign ofwhat will happen in the future. To mis-read means to wrongly understand.

2) A heavy bag hanging from a rope. Thoselearning boxing train themselves in box-ing, by hitting the heavy bag.

M. Amarnath Babu, BhanukotaQ: Sir please translate the following proverbs

into Telugu.1. Wonders will never cease!2. Worry often gives a small thing a big shad-

ow3. Unwillingness easily finds an excuse4. Variety is the spice of life5. Virtue is its own rewardA: 1) -Ç-¨¡a®√u-©’ --à-Ø√-öÀéà -Åç-ûªç é¬-´¤. 2) -´÷-†Æœéπ ÇçüÓ∞¡-† -*-†o -N-≠æ-ߪ÷-©-†’ °-ü¿l -F-úø-©’í¬

-îª÷°œ-Ææ’hç-C.3) -à-üÁj-Ø√ -îË-ߪ’-úøç -É-≠ædç -™‰-†°æ¤p-úø’ -à-üÓ -äéπ ≤ƒèπ◊ -

üÌ®Ω’èπ◊-ûª’ç-C.4) -¢Áj-N-üμ¿uç -@-N-û√-EéÀ Ææ’í∫ç-üμ¿ç -™«ç-öÀ-C.5) -´’ç-*-ûª-Ø√-EéÀ -•-£æ›-´’-A -´’ç-*-ûª-†-¢Ë’. Q: Sir, please translate the words into English.

1) -ߪ’-ü∑Ë-îªa ¥í¬ 2) --Å-¶μ«Ææ’-§ƒ-©’ é¬-́ -úøç 3) -Ö-†o°æ-∞¡çí¬

A: 1) license 2) to be disgraced 3) As is and where is.

M. Aswini, Timmana Cheruvu

Q: Ææ®˝, éÀç-C °æ-üΔ-©-†’ -ûÁ-©’í∫’-™ --N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.1) Chrysalis 2) Nectar 3) Accordion 4) Clarinet 5) Organ 6) Trumpet7) Xylophone 8) Alligator 9) Almond joy10) Baby ruth 11) Butter finger 12) Crunch 13) Fifth avenue

14) Heath 15) Hershey bar16) Kit kat 17) Mounds 18) Neap tide 19) Personel 20) ChubbyA: 1) Æ‘-û√éÓéπ-*-©’éπ °®Ω’í∫’-ü¿-©-™ -äéπ -ü¿-¨¡.2) -Å-´’%-û√-EéÀ -Ççí∫x °æ-ü¿ç3, 4, 5, 6, 7 – -É-´-Fo Ææç-U-ûª -¢√®·-üΔu-© Ê°®Ω’x8) -¶μ«®Ω-ûª-üË-̈ ¡ç-™-E -äéπ ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i-† -¢Á·Ææ-L.9, 10) -É-N --î√éÌ-™„-ô’x11) -á-́ È®j-Ø√ Ææ’-©-¶μºçí¬ -́ Ææ’h-́ ¤-©’ °æ-úËÆœ-†°æ¤p-úø’ -¢√-∞¡xèπ◊

butter fingers -Öç-ü¿ç-ö«®Ω’.12) -†-N’-™‰-ô°æ¤p-úø’ -´-îËa -¨¡-•lç/ éÃ-©éπ-¢Á’i-† -Åç-¨¡ç13) -†÷u-ߪ÷®˝\ -†í∫®Ωç-™ -äéπ ®Ó-úø’f14) -à-D °®Ωí∫--E -á-ûªh®·-† -v°æ-üË-¨¡ç15, 16) -É-N èπÿ-ú≈ -î√éÌ--™‰--õ‰x17) -*-†o -á-ûªh®·-† -v°æ-üË-¨»-©’18) Ææ-´·-vü¿°æ¤ -Ç-ô÷ -§Ú-ô’-™ -Ç-ô’ – -Åç-õ‰ éÀç-ü¿ °æ-úË

Ææ-´·-vü¿°æ¤-ô-©.

19) Personnel – Æœ-•sç-C20) -¶Ô-ü¿’lí¬ -Ö-†oQ: éÀç-C °æ-üΔ-© -´’-üμ¿u --ûË-ú≈-†’ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.i) Junk food - fast food ii) Head set, hand - setA) i) Junk food = food not good for our health,

because it is full of fat, sugar or artificialsubstances (-Å-Ø√®Óí∫uéπ-®Ω-¢Á’i -†, éÌ-´¤y °ç-îËǣ慮Ωç)

★ Fast food = Cheap and hot food made veryquickly and served hot. (-îª-´éπ, -¢Ë-úÕ -ǣ慮Ωç. -ûªy®Ωí¬ -´ç-úÕ, -¢Ë-úÕí¬ -´-úÕfç-îË -ǣ慮Ωç)

ii) Head set = a pair of ear phones worn on thehead. Hand set = a cell / mobile phone.

- Immadisetty SushmaQ: Sir, please give the meaning of Mum's the

word? Which accent should we prefer for inter-

views among British and UK Accents?A: Mum's the word = Let none of us talk of it

/ Let us be silent/ Let us keep it a secret. Itdepends. If the interview is in India, Birtishaccent is preferable, but if an American isinterviewing you, American accent is bet-ter. But most of us in India speak with aBritish accent.

'Mum's the word' means...?-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ -§ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ.. www.eenadupratibha.net

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net

O’ -v°æ--¨¡o-©’ °æç-§ƒ-Lq-† -*®Ω’-Ø√-´÷...-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ, -v°æ-A-¶μº -N-¶μ«í∫ç,

Ñ-Ø√--úø’ 鬮√u-©-ߪ’ç, - ®√-¢Á÷-@ °∂œ-™¸t Æœ-öÃ, -Å-Ø√-ñ¸°æ‹®˝, ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.

974

- M. Suresan

Writer

Renuka, Tirupati

Q: éÀçC °æüΔ© Å®√n©’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.1) Condition & Stipulation2) Go back on (a promise) & Back out (of

a promise)3) Crispy & Crunchy

A: 1) 'Condition' is a rule or a decision youmust agree to, as a part of a contract oran agreement.

★ Stipulation = stating clearly and firmly thatsomething must be done or how it must bedone.

2) Go back on a promise = Not to keep one'spromise = back out of a promise. - No dif-ference.

3) Crispy = hard and dry in a pleasant way. Eg: A biscuit is crunchy if when we eat it, we

feel it is hard and dry (fresh). ★ 'Crunchy', on the other hand, refers to the

sound that is made when we eat somethingcrispy.

Q: Sir, please translate the following sentenceinto Telugu.

A: It's time we started work hard - Wrong.The correct sentence is: It's time we startedworking hard = ´’†ç éπ≠æd-°æúÕ °æE-îË-ߪ÷-Lq†Æ洒ߪ’ç á°æ¤púÓ ´îËa-ÆœçC/ Éçûªèπ◊ ´·çüË ´’†çéπ≠æd-°æ-úøôç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gμç-î√-LqçC.

He assured me of hishelp

Let none of us talk of it!

Arun Kumar Swarna, AnantapurQ: Sir, could you tell me the difference between sports &

games?

A: Sports are individual events, that is, any number ofsportspersons can participate in it. Examples of sportsare running race, high jump, long jump, etc. Games areteam events, that is, games are played by two teams ata time.

Eg: Cricket, football, hockey, etc.

Q: Sir, éÀçC idioms èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ -ûÁ-©’°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.a) Zip your lip b) Don't throw bricks when you live ina glass house.

A: a) Zip your lip: Shut up your mouth (-ØÓ®Ω’ ´‚ߪ’-´’-†-úøç).

b) The correct proverb is: Those who live in glass housesshould not throw stones = Those who have faults inthemselves should not find fault with others (-ûª-´’-™ûª°æ¤p©’ -Ö-†o°æ¤p-úø’ -É-ûª®Ω’-© -ûª°æ¤p-©’ -áç-îªèπÿ-úø-ü¿’).

Ç-C¢√®Ωç 21 -ï-†-´-J 2018 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

K. Venugopal Varma

Q: Respected sir, please explain about "if conditions" exclusively when we have touse them.

A: There are three 'if/ conditional clauses'. 1) Probable present: What is stated in this

condition may happen. Eg: If he comeshere his mother will be happy. There are two clauses here: 1) The 'if'

clause and the main clause, 'his mother will behappy'. This sentence means that there is achance of his coming here, and if he comeshere, his mother will be happy. 2. Improbable present: The second condition

is 'Improbable present'. In this case there isno chance of anything happening in thePRESENT. Eg: If he were here I would dis-cuss the matter with him. Note that 'he' isfollowed by 'were'. There is no chance of hiscoming here and my discussing the matterwith him.

★ Sometimes the past verb form is also used.Eg: If my father gave me the money, Iwould buy a bike. This means there is nochance, at present, of his father giving himthe money and his buying a bike.

3. Imaginary past: The third condition is

imaginary past. What is stated here is pastand in the past it did not happen.

Eg: If he had given his daughter themoney, she would have bought acar. This means, he did not giveher money, and she did not buy acar - this refers to a past situationwhich did not happen.

S.S.K. Musthafa

Q: Sir please explain all the followingsentences what is the differenceamong them and give some other examplesfor the given sentences.

1. As soon as we reached the station the trainleft.

2. No sooner did he getup to deliver his speechthan the hall began to resound with thecheers.

3. We had scarcely reached the school whenthe bell rang.

A: Please note 'as soon as' = no sooner did +present tense, .... than = scarcely whenEg: As soon as he came here he startedworking = No sooner did he come/ had hecome here than he started working =Scarcely had he come here when he startedworking. As soon as = no sooner than =scarcely when = immediately after.

B. Chinna, Kamarupalli

Q: Ææ®˝, éÀç-C -¢√é¬u-©-†’ -Ççí∫xç-™ -à-´’ç-ö«®Ó -ûÁ©’°æí∫-©®Ω’?

1. -¢√-úÕ-ûÓ -FÍéç °æ-E?2. -¢√-úÕ-ûÓ -FÈéç-ü¿’èπ◊?3. -ØË-†’ --¢Ë®Ω’-¨¡-†é¬\-ߪ’-©èπ◊ 鬰æ-™« -Ö-Ø√o-†’ (-Åç-õ‰ -

á´®Ω÷ -üÌç-T-L-ç-îªèπ◊ç-ú≈ -Öç-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊)4. -Åéπ\-úÕ -†’ç-* -´-îËa-ô°æ¤p-úø’ -à-üÁj-Ø√ -BÆæ’èπ◊-E

®√, -A†-ú≈-EéÀ 5. -Ü®Óx -ÜÍ®-Tç°æ¤ --î√-™« °∂æ’-†çí¬ -ï-J-Tç-C.6. -§Ò-ü¿’l-ØËo -™‰-* -üÌ--úÓx-éÀ/ °®Ω-öxéÀ -´-î√a-†’.A: 1) What have you to do with him? 2) How are you concerned/ what have

you to do with him? 3) I am watching the ground nut crop. 4) When you come back from there,

get something for me to eat. 5) The procession in the town was grand. 6) As soon as I got up I came to the back yard.

Thirumal Reddy PabbathiQ: What is the meaning of sentence"what a

mess"?A: Everything is in confusion / disorder.

Harshita

Q: -§Òí∫--úøh-©-ûÓ -´·ç-îÁ-ûªh-ú≈-Eo -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -à-´’ç-ö«®Ω’?A: He submerged him in praises.

Lakshmann Makineedi

Q: Sir, please explain when should we usecould, would?

A: Could is the past tense of can. Couldmeans the ability to do something in thepast, but it is uncertain if it was done ornot. He could help me = He had the abil-ity to help me, but he might not havehelped me.

★ 'Would' has a number of meanings. 1) Itis used as the past tense of will. Eg: Ithink he will help me (present tense). Thepast tense for this is: I thought he wouldhelp me.

2) It also means 'wish'. Eg: I would he werehere. (= I wish he were here).

3) Would also refers to a past habit: Thosedays I would go for a walk every morn-ing.

4) Would is used in polite requests: Eg: a) Would you like to have a cup ofcoffee? b) Would you mind helping me?

5) Would refers to a possibility. Eg: I woulddiscuss the matter with him and settle itonce for all.

6) 'Would' expresses a strong possibility: Eg: He would be here tomorrow. These are the important uses of 'would'.

K. Saraswathi

Q: Sir, 1) what is the difference betweenproject, programme?

2) Programme, program which one is cor-rect?

3) Shrugged off 4) Tribute - for this word is there any other

meaning? 5) ProjectionsA: 1) A programme is the order of things in

which you do certain things. ★ A project on the other hand what you have

decided to do. It is a single item. 2) Both are correct. Programme is Biritish

spelling, and program is Americanspelling.

3) The past tense of shrug off = treatingsomething as not very important.

4) Tribute also means praise. We pay tributesto Mahatma Gandhi.

5) Projections = 1) Estimates 2) Somethinggetting out - something coming out.

1. Bashful = Shy. Eg: The young girl was bashful to sing in

the presence of the men. ★ Bashful X Bold.

Eg: She was bold enough to face the audi-ence and speak out her mind.

2. Crisis = An extremely difficult or danger-ous situation.

Eg: With all her children and husbanddying in the accident, she was facing a cri-sis.

★ Crisis X blessing.

Eg: It was a blessing that in his serious dif-ficulties that he got a paying job.

3. Succulent = juicy (full of juice). Eg: The orange is a succulent fruit.

★ Succulent X Dry. Eg: The fruit was dry and yielded no juice.

4. Surmise = guess. Eg: It is my surmise that he is in the townhiding, and the police are sure to catchhim.

★ Surmise X certainty. Eg: It is a certainty that he is going to beelected as president.

5. Diligent = industrious / very hard working. Eg: The class is full of diligent studentsand I am sure everyone will pass the exam.

★ Diligent X lazy. Eg: He is very lazy and I am sure he will

not pass the exam.

6 Paucity = Scarcity. Eg: There is a paucity of funds for imple-

menting this programme. ★ Paucity X Surplus.

Eg: The US has surplus funds and canhelp other countries.

7. Lethargy = Laziness. Eg: The students in the class are full of

lethargy. ★ Lethargy X Active.

Eg: He is very active and is always seenworking.

8. Vandalism = Destruction of property. Eg: The rowdies indulge in vandalism and

destroyed public property ★ Vandalism X Preserve.

Eg: The students in the class took an oathto preserve the property of theirschool.

9. Opulent = Wealthy and luxurious. Eg: The people in the US are opulent.

★ Opulent X poor. Eg: The people in Ethiopia are very poor.

10. Docile = mild. Eg: The cow is a docile animal.

★ Docile X Arrogant. Eg: Duryodhana was very arrogant.

'Improbable present' means...?-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ -§ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ.. www.eenadupratibha.net

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net

O’ -v°æ--¨¡o-©’ °æç-§ƒ-Lq-† -*®Ω’-Ø√-´÷...-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ, -v°æ-A-¶μº -N-¶μ«í∫ç,

Ñ-Ø√--úø’ 鬮√u-©-ߪ’ç, - ®√-¢Á÷-@ °∂œ-™¸t Æœ-öÃ, -Å-Ø√-ñ¸°æ‹®˝, ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.

975

- M. Suresan

Writer

Vasu Chowdary

Q: Sir, explain following words in English1) -ü¿-úø-ü¿-úø-™«-úÕç-îª-úøç 2) -Ü-úÕ-§Ú-´-úøç3) °æ®Ω’-´¤ 4) -v°æ-A-≠æd5) -ûª-úø-¶«-ô’ 6) -A®Ω’í∫’-™‰-ü¿’7) -ØË-†’ -Ö-†oç-ûª -́ ®Ωèπ◊ -FÈé-ç-ü¿’èπ◊ -¶μº-ߪ’ç?8) -Ø√-ûÓ Â°-ô’déÓ-´-ü¿’lA: 1) Make someone shake/ shiver in excitement. 2) Come off

3 & 4) Prestige 5) Faltering 6) Unopposed / unmatched 7) So long as I am here, why should you fear? 8) Don't have anything to do with me.

Bejjarapu Rajashekhar, Metpally Q: Sir, please let me know the following in English.

-Ø√èπ◊ --vÊ°-´’ í∫’-Jç-* -ûÁ-LÆœç-C -Åç-õ‰ -Å-C Íé-´-©ç -F --´-™‰x.A: If I have known about love, it is entirely because of

you.

VOCABULARY

ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 28 áì÷J 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2

P. Nageswara Rao, AmrithanagarQ: Sir, please translate the following sen-

tences into Telugu.1. No clearance on Sundays.2. Just chill ya3. Here we goA: 1) ÎCî¦ô¦õª ÑêŸhô¦õ ñæ°yè¯ ÑÙè[ë]ª.2) ÏC Íô¢–Ù Ú¥÷è[Ù ö˶ë]ª.3) Said when something bad starts

happening. Ôëμjû¦ àμè[ª áJ¸Þåí£±pè[ªÍû¶ ÷«å ÍC.

Q: Ú¨ÙC â°BóŸ«õÚÛª êμõªÞœªö˺Íô¦–õêÁð§åª Ñë¯ï£°ô¢éõª êμõªí£Þœõô¢ª.

1. To bell the cat 2. To bring down the house3. Be off one’s head 4. By far 5. Beside the mark 6. Bench mark7. A bed of thorns 8. To call in questionA: 1) í‡LxÚ¨ ÞœÙå ÚÛådè[Ù. ÍEo ÓõªÚÛõª ÖÚÛàÁå à¶J

í‡LxÚ¨ ÞœÙå ÚÛè…ê¶ ÍC ô¦÷è[Ù êμõªú£ªhÙC,ÍìªÚÛªû¦oô³, Ú¥F Ô ÓõªÚÛ í‡LxÚ¨ ÞœÙåÚÛådÞœõë]ª?

2) û¦åÚ¥Eo Þ¥F ú‡E÷« Þ¥F àŸ«ú£ªhìoí£±pè[ª àŸí£påªxGÞœ_ô¢Þ¥ Ú•ådè[Ù, ÷ªÙ# íÆ£ªådÙ ÷#aìí£±pè[ª.

3) ÓÚÛª\÷ ê¦T ÑÙè[åÙ ÷õx ÷ªA êŸí£pè[Ù. eg: Hewas off his head because he was drunk

4) à¦ö° ÷ô¢ÚÛª/ ÓÚÛª\÷Þ¥. eg: By far he is the

best of the actors we have. 5) ÞœªJ êŸí£pè[Ù. eg: His words were beside the

mark, as he did not talk about the subject. 6) vð§÷«é¨ÚÛîμªiì Þœªô¢ªh. eg: This is the bench-

mark of quality of the jewel. 7) ÷³üŒx í£è[ÚÛ. eg: I feel as if I were lying on a

bed of thorns. 8) ú£Ùë¶ï£„ÙøŒÙ/ Nî¦ë¯ÙøŒÙ. eg: I call in question

his statement. K. Savitri, Chagallu

Q: ú£ôÂ, Ú¨ÙC î¦Ú¥uõìª ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ڨÍìª÷CÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.

1. û¶ìª í£±ú£hÚÛÙö˺ ò˹÷ªtõª ÍAÚ¨ú£ªhû¦oìª.2. î¦è…Ú¨ ò°Þ¥ êŸTö°ô³.3. ñè…Ú¨ î�μü™h î�μüŒ‰x ö˶ÚÛð¼ê¶ ö˶ë]ª.4. ÍêŸè[ª ÞÁè[ÚÛª ÚÛª Cޜޕè[ªêŸªû¦oè[ª.5. Ú¥íƈö˺ڨ Ú¥ú£h àŸ·Ú\ô¢ î�μô³u. àŸí£pÞ¥

ÑÙC.6. Ð òËμjÚÛªö˺ ÷³Þœª_J ÚÛÙç˶ ÓÚÛª\÷ í£ådô¢ª.

7. Îîμª ÷ªÙåìª/ Eí£±pìª ÓÞœêÁú‡ÙC.8. ê•Ùë]ô¢Þ¥ ô¢Ùè… í£E Ú¥Eë¯ÌÙ.9. F à¦÷± ìª÷±y à¦÷±. ë¯EÚ¨ Ó÷ô¢« ÔÙ à¶óŸªö˶ô¢ªA: 1) I am sticking pictures in the book. 2) He has had enough blows. 3) You go or don’t go to school. 4) He is driving a nail into the wall. 5) The coffee is tasteless, add some sugar to it.6) More than three can’t ride on this bike. 7) She stoked the fire. 8) Hurry up, we shall finish the work soon. 9) Do what you like. None can help you (No

proper translation for this in English).

1. Inimical = Harmful / injurioussEÚÛô¢îμªiìzeg: The climate here is inimical to our

health.

H Inimical X Favourable sÍìªÚÛ«õîμªiìzeg: The people here are very favourable

to our activities.

2. Oppressed = Treated in a cruel /unfriendly manner svÚÛ«ô¢ÙÞ¥, ìÙÞ¥àŸ«è[åÙ, Íé#î�¶êŸÚÛª ÞœªJ à¶óŸªè[Ùzeg: Aurangzeb oppressed his subjects and

levied heavy taxes on them.

H Oppressed X kind.

eg: Ashoka ruled his people in a kindmanner.

3. Flout = Violate sÑõxÙíƇªÙàŸè[Ùzeg: Politicians in India often flout the

law.

H Flout X Observe (ð§æ¨ÙàŸè[Ù).

eg: People in some foreign countriesobserve laws strictly. They are alllaw abiding.

4. Augment = Increase (the size and valueof something) by adding to it sšíÙàŸè[Ùz

eg: The supply of food for the flood vic-tims has been augmented.

H Augment X Reduced sêŸT_ÙàŸñè…ìzeg: The supply of rations to the army has

been reduced.

5. Tolerance = The ability to bear difficul-ties sú£ï£°ìÙz

eg: Akbar was known for his religious tol-erance.

H Tolerance X Intolerance sÍú£ï£°ìÙzeg: Some Muslims rulers of India were

notorious for their religious intoler-ance.

T. Manu, AnantapuramQ: Sir, ‘Hari and I will go to temple’ - Ð

î¦Ú¥uEo ‘I and Hari will go to temple’ - Ïö°ô¦óŸªè[Ù êŸí£pE ÍÙæ°ô¢ª. N÷JÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.

A: ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ Óí£±pè[«, ‘I’ #÷ô¢ ô¦î¦L. The usual order is: You and I, you, he/ she/ they and I, He/ she/they and I.

G.S. Rao, VinukondaQ: Sir, please translate the following into

Telugu.1. He is the second teacher to praise that stu-

dent.2. He gave me a piece of advice.3. He is not such a fool as to be cheated by

anybody.

4. He saw a young lady of not more than 17.5. Inspite of initiate stringent action on corrup-

tion somebody else are catching somewhereelse.

6. I used to have black hair.7. It’s time the bus left.8. She is feeling for the switch (find by

touching).9. Many a manA: 1) Î Në¯uJ–E ð»Tè…ì ·ôÙèÁ æ©àŸô ÍêŸè[ª.2) û¦ÚÛêŸè[ª ÖÚÛ ú£õ Ïà¦aè[ª.3) Ó÷J à¶êμjû¦ îμ«ú£TÙàŸñè˶åÙêŸ ÷´ô¢ª^è[ª Ú¥ë]ª

ÍêŸè[ª.4) ÎóŸªì 17 ÔüŒx ÚÛÙç˶ ÓÚÛª\÷ ö˶E Í÷«tô³E

àŸ«ø‹è[ª.5) Ð î¦ÚÛuÙö˺ êŸí£±põª Ñû¦oô³.

ÍC Ïö° ÑÙè¯L: In spite of initiating strin-gent action against corruption somebody orthe other are being caught somewhere =ÍNFA í£åx ÚÛJÈìîμªiì àŸô¢uõª Bú£ªÚÛªÙåªìoí£pæ¨Ú©,ÓÚÛ\èÁ ÖÚÛàÁå Ó÷ôÁ ÖÚÛô¢ª í£åªdñè[ªêŸ«û¶Ñû¦oô¢ª.

6) û¦ Våªd ÏÙêŸÚÛª÷³Ùë]ª ìõxÞ¥ ÑÙè˶C.7) ñúà î�μü°xLqì ú£÷ªóŸªÙ Óí£±pèÁ Íô³ð¼ô³ÙC.8) ú‡yà ÚÁú£Ù êŸè[ª÷³êÁÙC.9) Many a man = Many men = à¦ö°÷ªÙC

í£±ô¢ªù£ªõª

His words were beside the mark..þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

976

B. Naresh, Anantapuram

Q: Sir please translate the following idiomsinto Telugu.

1. Under a cloud 2. To cut one dead3. Cut and dried 4. To cast a slur upon5. To dance to one’s tune6. Fall to ground 7. Fit as a fiddle8. To fan the flames 9. To gain ground 10. Gift of gabA: 1) Not trusted or popular because you

have done something wrong sêŸí£±p à¶ú‡ì÷ªEù‡E ì÷ªtÚÛð¼÷è[Ùz

eg: The minister’s reputation is under acloud.

2) Pretend you don’t know someone becauseyou are angry with them sÖÚÛJ Oªë] ÚÁí£ÙÞ¥ÑÙè[åÙ ÷õx î¦üŒ‰x ÷ªìÚÛª êμLóŸªìåªxìæ¨ÙàŸè[Ùz

3) a) Already decided and not to be changedsÏÙêŸÚÛª÷³Ùë¶ Eô¢gô³ÙàŸªÚÛªìoÙë]ª ÷õx÷«ô¢aÚÛð¼÷è[Ùz

b) Simple and easy to understand sú£ªõòÅ¡ÙÞ¥Íô¢–÷ªó¶ªu Nù£óŸªÙz

4) Bring a bad name to somebody sàμè[“ ›íô¢ªê¶÷è[Ùz

5) To be under the control of someone sÖÚÛJÍDÅìÙö˺ ÑÙè[åÙz

6) A plan / theory failing due to lack of nec-essary information sú£·ôjì ú£÷«à¦ô¢Ùö˶ÚÛð¼÷è[Ù ÷õx NíÆ£õ÷ªó¶ªu í£ëÇ]ÚÛÙ/ ú‡ë¯ÌÄÙêŸÙz

7) Very healthy and strong sÎôÁÞœuÙÞ¥, ñõÙÞ¥ÑÙè[åÙz

8) To make a bad situation worse sÍú£ö˶ÍëůyìÙÞ¥ Ñìo í£Jú‡–AE ÏÙÚ¥ ÍëůyìÙÞ¥à¶óŸªè[Ùz

9) More widely known or become popularsÍÙë]JÚ© êμLú‡ ÑÙè[åÙ/ ÏÙÚ¥ ví£â°ë]ô¢éð»Ùë]è[Ùz

10) The ability to speak fluently sÍìô¢_üŒÙÞ¥÷«æ°xè[ÞœõÞœè[Ùz

Abhi Q: Sir could you explain the meaning of this

sentence 'The secret of his good health liesin the fact, that he is gets up before sunriseand has a two mile walk every morning.'Here what is the meaning of 'lies in'?

A: Lies in = is in sÑÙè[åÙz. The meaning ofthe sentence is, He is healthy because hegets up early in the morning and takes atwo mile walk.

- M. Suresan

Writer

VOCABULARY

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net

Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,

Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.

Maguluri Kalpana

Q: Sir please tell me the tips for speak English and howto learn English very easily? Give me some sugges-tions.

A: Read the English newspaper every day for 30 to 45minutes. Listen to English news telecasts. Speak inEnglish to people who know English. The more youspeak English, the better can you speak. Practice isimportant. Practise writing short paragraphs of 100 to

150 words on any topic of your choice, and show it tothose who know English very well.

G.Bhavani, AnakapalleQ: Sir, what is the difference between Look down and

Play down? Please explain the meanings A: To look down means to see what is below you.

The actual phrase, however, is to look down upon =To treat someone with no respect / to treat them as low. Play down = Give less importance to something.