Leadership Theories
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A pps on Traditional and new leadership theories.
Transcript of Leadership Theories
What do you think are the key What do you think are the key qualities of effective leaders?qualities of effective leaders?
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PreviewDefinition of Leadership
The Evolution
Traditional Leadership Theories
“New” Leadership Theories
Leadership• Leadership Defined
– The process of inspiring, influencing, and guiding others to participate in a common effort.
• Formal Leadership– The process of influencing relevant others to pursue
official organizational objectives.
• Informal Leadership– The process of influencing other to pursue unofficial
objectives that may or may not serve the organization’s interests.
Traditional Leadership TheoriesTraditional Leadership Theories
Leaders = ‘Influence Mandators’
Trait Theories
Style Theories
Contingency Theories
‘‘New’ Leadership TheoriesNew’ Leadership Theories
Leaders = ‘Managers of Meaning’
Transactional Leadership
Transformational Leadership
Level 5 Leadership
Traditional Leadership TheoriesTraditional Leadership TheoriesTrait theories:Is there a set of characteristics that determine a good leader?
Personality? Dominance and personal presence? Charisma? Self confidence? Achievement? Ability to formulate a clear vision?
Traditional Leadership TheoriesTraditional Leadership Theories
Behavioural:
Structure based behavioural theories – focus on the leader instituting structures – task orientated
Relationship based behavioural theories – focus on the development and maintenance of relationships – process orientated
Traditional Leadership Theories Traditional Leadership Theories contd…contd…
Behavioral Styles Theory
WWII studies of the patterns of leader behaviours (leadership styles) rather than who the leader was (traits).
Democratic style
Authoritarian style
Traditional Leadership Theories Traditional Leadership Theories contd…contd…
The Ohio State ModelInitiating structure: leader’s efforts to get things organized and get things done.
Consideration: the degree of trust, friendship, respect, and warmth that the leader extended to subordinates.
Identified four leadership stylesLow structure, high consideration
High structure, high consideration
Low structure, low consideration
High structure, low consideration
Traditional Leadership Theories contd…Traditional Leadership Theories contd…
The Leadership Grid®The belief that there is one best style of leadership.
Concern for production: the desire to achieve greater output, cost-effectiveness, and profits.
Concern for people: promoting friendships, helping coworkers get the job done, and attending to things that matter to people.
Traditional Leadership Theories contd…Traditional Leadership Theories contd…
Fiedler’s Contingency TheoryPerformance of the leader depends on:
the degree to which the situation gives the leader control and influence (favorableness of the situation).
the leader’s basic motivation to either accomplish the task or having supportive relationships with others (task or relationship motivation).
The challenge is to match the leader with a suitable situation
Transactional Theories
Focus on the management of the organisation
Focus on procedures and efficiency
Focus on working to rules and contracts
Managing current issues and problems
Transformational LeadersTransformational Leaders…… Do not accept the status quo Create a graphic and compelling vision of the future Act as role models Are often referred to as “tough” Energise and inspire others Are said to be “charismatic” (Greek = gift) Are very instrumental in times of turbulence / crises Provide sense of individual consideration Provide stimulation (intellectual and emotional) May be able to train people in transformational
characteristics
Level 5 Leadership HierarchyLevel 5 Leadership Hierarchy
Level 5: Executive builds enduring greatness through a paradoxical blend of personal humility and professional will
Level 4: Effective Leader catalyses commitment to vigorous pursuit of a clear and compelling vision, stimulating higher performance standards
Level 3: Competent Manager organises people and resources toward the effective and efficient pursuit of predetermined objectives
Level 2: Contributing Team Member contributes individual capabilities to the achievement of group objectives and works effectively with others in a group setting
Level 1: Highly Capable Individual makes productive contributions through talent, knowledge, skills and good work habits
(Jim Collins, 2001, Good to Great)
View from the Top:View from the Top:‘Level 5’ Leaders‘Level 5’ Leaders
“Are a study in duality: they are modest and willful, shy and fearless. They act with quiet, calm determination and they rely principally on inspired standards, not inspiring charisma, to motivate. They channel their ambition into the company, not the self. They also ‘look in the mirror, not the window, to apportion responsibility for poor results, never blaming other people, external factors or bad luck. Similarly, they look out of the window to apportion credit for the company’s success to employees, external factors or good luck.”
(Jim Collins, 2001, Good to Great)
In Conclusion…In Conclusion…“Leadership, then, is not just a theoretical
arena but one with critical implications for us all and the limits of leadership--what leaders can do and what followers allow them to do--are foundational aspects of this arena. Leadership, in effect, is too important to be left to leaders”
(Keith Grint, 2005)
