Leaders During Renaissance AnswersLeaders During Renaissance Answers

Martin Luther’s Religious IdeasMartin Luther’s Religious Ideas

People won salvation through faith in God. All church teachings should be based on

the bible. All people are equal in faith in the eyes of

God.

Luther’s Changes and ControversyLuther’s Changes and Controversy Luther posted his 95 theses on the door at

Wittenberg Castle. Challenged many church actions such as sale of indulgences.

June 15, 1520 Luther called to appear before a council in Worms to assess his fate (Diet of Worms).

He was ordered to recant (take back) his statements. He refused, so was exiled.

He hid from April 1521-March 1522.

Luther’s ImpactLuther’s Impact

Translated the New Testament of the Bible into German so that all could read it.

Started the Reformation and created the split between Catholic and Protestant churches.

People questioned the ideas and teachings of the Church.

Catholic Church Religious IdeasCatholic Church Religious Ideas Indulgences :Pardons issued by the church

which people paid for as a way to “buy” less time in purgatory.

Corrupt practice and were used by the church to make money and manipulate people.

Believed that clergy had more power and worth than other members of church.

God is vengeful and will smite those who sin.

Catholic Church ControversyCatholic Church Controversy

Indulgences - Can’t people achieve salvation just through Faith?

Corruptness of clergy and greediness of church.

Catholic Church ImpactCatholic Church Impact

For years had been source of strength and guidance for people. Now they are questioning the teachings and practices of the Church.

Henry VIII Religious IdeasHenry VIII Religious Ideas Opposed to Luther’s Reformation. Given the title

“Defender of Faith” by the Pope. Convinces Parliament to declare the King to

have Supreme Authority over all affairs (religious or secular).

Creates the Church of England which is similar but allows for divorce and King is leader.

Executed all who did not agree

Henry’s HistoryHenry’s History Married Catherine of Aragon

Daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella was married to his older brother Arthur Gave him one daughter - Mary Controversial because she was married to his brother.

1527 he wanted to marry Anne Boleyn but church won’t allow divorce.

Creates the Church of England and allows his own divorce.

History Cont.History Cont. Anne Boleyn Gave him Princess Elizabeth and

then had 2 miscarriages 1 of which was a boy. Was executed with brother on charges of adultery

Betrothed to Jane Seymour within 24 hours of Anne’s Execution Jane had son Edward and she died 2 weeks later

Anne of Cleves married for 7 months “misfit” Kathryn Howard cousin to Anne Boleyn young and

vivacious. Executed for infidelity Katherine Parr last wife. Henry died, she married

Jane Seymour’s brother and died shortly after childbirth

Henry VIII ChangesHenry VIII Changes

Created the Church of England to suite his own needs.

Shows how during this time many are rebelling against the church and trying to create their own religion.

Henry VIII ImpactHenry VIII Impact

Goes down in history as being vicious and mean because he had so many wives and killed/divorced them because wanted to have a son.

Creates the Church of England which still exists today.

Mary I Religious BeliefsMary I Religious Beliefs Takes the thrown after brother Edward dies.

Became King at 10, very ill and sick. King protected him. Died at 15.

She was a devout Catholic like her parents (Ferdinand and Isabella)

She wanted to end Luther’s Reformation and wanted to keep England as a Catholic country.

Mary’s ChangesMary’s Changes

Restored the Catholic Church by returning the power of the church to the Pope.

Executed Protestants who spoke out against the church or her rule.

Imprisoned her sister Elizabeth for sticking up for Protestants.

Mary’s ImpactMary’s Impact

People hate her. Called “Bloody Mary” because of all of the

Protestants that she executed during her rule.

Elizabeth’s Religious IdeasElizabeth’s Religious Ideas

She was a protestant but was more tolerant of all religious ideas.

Wanted to create a church where all could get along and agree.

Elizabeth’s ChangesElizabeth’s Changes

Created the Church of England or Anglican Church where she was the head.

To please Protestants priests could marry and mass was in English.

To please Catholics they kept some of the traditions such as robes and parts of the mass.

Elizabeth’s ImpactElizabeth’s Impact Brought religious peace to England. Rule known as Elizabethan Era. She

focused on developments in arts, literature, etc.

Never married Saw how dad treated his wives. Used her power to play suitors to her favor

and make alliances.