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Address TRIBUNE COMPANY.Chicago. IIL

TUESDAY, JANUARY 17, 1871.

THE END APPROACHING.Seventy miles northward of Paris the

Frenchare defeated at Bapatune, a hun-dred miles westward of Paris GeneralChanzy is driven fromLe Mans by PrinooFrederick Charles, with a loss of 16,000prisoners, after one of the most gallant

- stragglesof the war; and nearly as far tothe eastward of Paris Bourbaki is skir-mishing toward the Voges Mountains,with the alleged intent of forming a pur-poseless and useless junction with Gari-baldi. Meanwhile, at the centre of opera-tions, the Germansare making visible, andeven rapid, progress. The assurances ofthree weeks ago, that the Germanscouldnot bombardParis, yield to the fact that athird of the city is now under fire, and tho•French Government isable only to cryout,with its ineffectual protest, against thein-humanity of the bombardment At least

one-half the fightingforces of France arenow penned up within the walls of Paris.This alonewould render Paris the objec-tive point of the German campaign. Noth-ing is more difficult than to arrive atexactnumbers of any of theFrench forces.Those nowunder Trochu are variously es-timated at from 120,000 to 300,000 men.Though they have prolonged to fourmonths a resistance which it was at firstsupposed couldnot last two, and though,in the meantime, France hasshown much persistence in improvisingnewarmies, yet the concurrent defeatsofFaldherbe, Chanzy, and Bourbaki, andthe evident distress of Trochu, show thatall these efforts have been absolutelywastedandhopeless. In §(e mere milita-ry sense, France is struggling against apower so superior toher own present re-sources, that every prolongation of thestraggle only intensifies herhumiliation.

The fall of Paris will probably occurwithin a fortnight, at furthest, and thiswm add to the immense German capturesa host of prisoners equal to the two sur-renders of Sedan and Metz combined ;350,000 French prisoners have- alreadygone into Germany, and, unless the warends immediately upon the surrender ofParis, 300,000 more willfollow them. Thearmy of French captives invading Ger-manywill almost equal the German armywhich has invaded France. But, besidesthese, it is estimated that 150,000 French-men have fallen in battle, orhave died ofdisease,.ornowlle in hospital. With thesurrender ofParis at least 800,000 French-men will have been placed hors de combatan a campaign of six months* duration.And the surrender of Paris, we believe,cannot now be postponed more than twoweeks!

After Ibis event, France will still bavoleft a fighting capacity of, say, 250,000men. But sucha force, against the Ger-mans, would be capable of mere guerillawarfare, and, very soon, the laws ofguerilla warfare would bo applied to them.It is intimated that the republic will beoffered that sbeo of Belgium know as“French Flanders” in compensation forAlsace will be invited to makepeace onthese terms, and,- if it re-ases i the war will be con-

tinued with the expectation thatthe French people, when they feel whip-ped, will re-establish theregencyunder theEmpressand the Prince Imperial. Inanyevent, but especially in that of the estab-lishmentof a regency, France must re-main for yearsa quasi dependency of thegreat GermanEmpire. Wilhelm andBis-mark will reign practically from the BayofBiscay to the Baltic Sea, until Francehas repaid the Germanwar expenditure,which will bo long after the Prince Impe-rial hasattained hismajority.

If we bear in mind that, during Napo-leons whole reign, France has been bank-rupt ; that the awnnai expenses of theempire under him generally exceeded itsrevenue by $75,000,000; that its financeswere in such confusion that its Treasurercouldno more tell the amount of thedebtthan the Emperor could state thenumberof his troops, it mustbe evident that theability of France to pay the German in-demnity debt, in addition to her presentdebt, will depend on bar finances beingpractically placed under Prussian super-vision. It matters little whether isdone immediately, or whether the amountof the debt is merely stipulated,the - inability of the regencyor the republic to jjay it isleft to be demonstrated in the future.In cither case, Germany must emergefrom thewar the owner of a first mort-gage upon the taxes and industry ofFrance, which the latter country, underFrench management, is more timw unlike-ly tobe able to repay. In any point ofview, the sitnation involves the germs ofa future protectorate of Germany overFrance, of the extent or effects of whichno man can predict the end. It cannot bewithout deep, far-reachingeffects upon thenational character of the two races,that the great fusions of theFrench with the German people,which characterize thiswar, aro now goingon. While their governments are at war,the two races never were more fraternalInnearly every German house a Frenchsoldier is quartered, in place of the Ger-man boy who is fighting with “ourFritz,”awaiting the fall of Paris, or who, perhaps,deeps thesoldier’s last deep among theunmarked graves of Gravelotte. Thisstriking fact cannot but exert its influ-ence.

We are informed, by those who knowwell the temperof German society, that if& vote were taken to-dayamong the Ger-man people, as to whether the war shouldstop, absolutely without any accession ofterritory.,whatever, they would vote it tostop. The French findtheirmildest terms,of peace written in the German heart.■WhetherBismark grant them or not, theresult is to be a peace between tbe tworaces, basedupon a better understandingof each other, and which womay, there-fore, hope will be permanent.

THE CAHAL BUSINESS.Awriterin the Cincinnati Gazette pro-

poses, as lire best and most certain modeof flanking Chicago and transferring ourcommerce to that city, tobuild a canal, orenlarge the existing canal, so as to girosteamboat navigation from Lake Erie toCincinnati. Thecost of tbin work is esti-mated at $20,000,000. Canals, as a*means of transportation, have reachedthat point where it may bo safely'stated that they can only compete withrailroads even in the season of navigationwhen made free of tolls. That is to say,they are no longer availableas a source ofrevenue. No company can now bnQd acanal andrealize 2per cent on the capitalinvested. TheErie Canal, during theyear1670, demonstrated that fact The tollson that canal werereduced 50 percent, andthe net proceedsof thecanal for the yearwere only half a million.dollars. Thetransportation on that canal is largely doeto the wantof means by the railroads todo the transportation. For the last fewyears the rule has been reversed, and the

has only had the businesswhich the railroads could not do.Formerly the roads had the businesswhichwas in excess of the capacity of the

T.aat year the tolls were reduced,and tho businessof the canal greatly in-creased, bnt still the capacity of the canalis limited. Time has becomea great andcontrolling item in the shipment offreights. If thecanals charge tolls, therailroads will compete and carry off thecream of the business. If the canals donot charge tollsthey are a loss to the own-ers. As aregulator of freights tho canalis a great advantage to the public; it com-pels a reduction of railroad freightsto thocompeting point.

Therewill, therefore, be no more ca-nals constructed in this countiy, of anyconsiderable length and amount of lock-age, unless they *l* mad® toe. Being

free, there will be competition amongboat-owners, and business will bo securedat rates defjingrailroadcompetition onallfreights whichcan afford slow transporta-tion. Beyond tho mere fact that theyserve as a regulator of railroad freights,canals have ceased to bo ofany valno com-mensurate with their cost. This benefitcould equallybe secured bya freerailroad,over which goods might be transportedfor themere cost of running the oars.The $20,000,000 proposed to be spent inbeliding a canal, navigable onlysixmonthain the year, would build a first-class doubletrackrailway, which, if made free,andundersuch public control as to prevent combina-tions, would regulate freights onall com-peting railways as completelyas can everbe doneby canals. Adouble track railwayfrom Chicago to New York, with connect,mgbranches to Philadelphia, Baltimoreandall Western cities, under governmentcontrol, wouldserve as completely to reg-ulate the cost of moving freights as if therewere a steamboat canal tho same distance,and would cost less to construct it andkeep it in repair.

THE TAX OH COTTOH GOODS.The price of upland cotton in New York,on the Ist of January, 1859, was 11 cents

per pound, the same on theIst of January,1860, and on the Ist of January, 1861, was12 cents per pound. Its quotations forseveral years following are as follows, theprices being in currency:„

Cents J CentsTear. per (b. \ Tear. per lb.1662 36g38 I 1566 .51(332is63 67(363 356T..1664 ;...7s@.. libto aef’.1665. 70®.. 1570. ug..The tariff duties on cotton cloths in

1859-60 were 24per cent In 1861, again in1862, and in 1863,1664, and 1865, the ratesof duty were changed, each time increas-ing. Tho ad valorem duty was changed toa specific, and the rates in 1865reached,on all cottons, bleached or unbleached,colored, painted, printed, and on jeans,drillings, bed-tickings, ginghams, plaids,cottonades, pantaloon stuffs, and allother goods of like descriptions, notover ’ 100 threads to the square inch,from o£ cents per square yard and 20 percent ad valorem, to CJ cents per squareyard and 10 per cent ad valorem. Thesame goods having over 200 threads totho square inch ore taxed from 64 centsper square yard to 74 cents, and 15 percent ad valorem.

Theseduties were based upon the priceof cotton at that time—lß63-s—when theraw material was selling in currency atfrom CC to'7s cents per pound, and wereestimated to be equal to a taxof 40 percent on the goods.

Since 1863-5, and particularly within thelast year, the cost of the raw materialbagdeclinedto within a small percentage ofwhat it was in 1860. The production ofcottonhas increased, and theuse of it, inmany fabrics and for many purposes,which was discontinued during theseasonof high prices, has been resumed in allparts of Europe. The people ofall ~ other nations are enjoyingthe luxury of cheap cotton goods, but howis it with the people of the United States ?

“We are paying taxes by the yard and notby the value of the cotton. If the taxof 6cents a square yard was equal to 35 percent when cotton was selling at 75 centsperpound, what is it equal to when thecotton is selling at 14 cents per pound ?

Assuming that, as anaverage, a pound ofcottonwill yield 3 square yards of ordinaryprints, we have, as the value of the rawmaterial in that numberof yards, 70 centsin 1805, and 14 cents in 1871. Yet wepay precisely the same tax per squareyard now that we paid in 1805. The re-duction in the cost of cotton brings noneof that relief to the people of thiscountry that is enjoyed by othernations. If the supply of cot-ton were so abundant, and machineryso perfect, that cotton cloth could .be pro-duced at one cent per yard, we shouldhaveto pay, under our inexorable tariff, the taxof from six to eight cents per square yard,in gold. The cost of manufacture Is nogreaternow than in ISGS. Thewages, andthe expenseof running themachinery, arecertainly no greater, yet Congress has per-mitted this taxon cotton manufactures toincrease, under the reduced cost of therawmateria], from 35 per cent to 95 and225 per cent, according to thedescriptionof thegoods. In the articles of women’sdress goods, the duties now range about150 per cent, and that, too, not upon lux-uries, but upon the ordinary wearing ap-parel of the great mass of the people.

■What has been theeffect of this tariffupon those whom itprotects ? The costof production, raw material alone except-ed, has been kept at the same rate that itwas during the war. We will assumethewages paid now are thesame as then,but we have assurances that the operativesin all these cotton mills are as dependentupon continuous work as ever, and that, asa doss, they live from week to week ontheir earnings. Senator Sprague, himselfone of the largestmill-ownersin the coun-try, has stated that a stoppage of the millsfor thirtydays wonld would place four-fifthsof the operatives upon their towns for sup-port.

The valueof ■wages is not in the aggre-gate amount received, bat in the amountof other thingswhich the wages will pur-chase. It costs the operatives in the cot-ton mills the same amount tolive now thatit didin 1665. They have not been ena-bed to purchaseany more of theessentialsof life with their wages than when Grantwas before Richmond. On the contrary,theadditional duties levied in theTariffactof thatyear increased the cost of living.■We are living at war prices, though thewarclosed five yearsago.

Areduction of wages, withouta reduc-tion of the costof living, would result inthe impoverishment of these people, andyet that has been done inrepeated in-stances. Notwithstanding the redactionin theprice of cotton, the foreign manu-facturer even now competes with the homemanufacturer, who is borne down by theexcessive costof all otheritems that makeup thecost of production. He has reliedon the tariff more than he has on the im-provement of his machinery; for a fewcents additional per yard in theway ofpro-tection onhis cotton cloth, he has beenobliged to taxhimself $1.40 per ton onhiscoal, and 100 per cent on his machinery,and upon the cost of his repairs.

Tho tax on cotton manufactures is inkeepingwith tho tax onmost of the otherarticles of common use. Daring thelastsix years the cost of wool has been re-duced in allparts of the world. Never hasthe production and variety been so abun-dant, and every nation outside of theUnited States has been enjoying the luxuryof cheap wool and cheap woollen fabrics.But we have a tax on wool whichshuts nsout of the cheap markets. Wehave millsin the United States for themannfactoraof the finer cloths, whose costly and mostperfect machinery stands Idle, year afteryear, hecanse denied the privilege of im-porting the needed proportion of foreignwool to mix with the domestic. Thoughtheprice of wool has fallen, the worldover,our tax-gatherer demands his tax, not of30, or 40, or 50 per cent, but so much perpound—no matter what may bo thovalueof the wool Itself.

Congressbas it in itspower, byan act ofa dozen lines, to increase the wages, in-crease the manufacturing production, andincrease the substantial prosperity of thoAmerican znannfactnrersand of tho wholepeople, bya redaction of all the taxes nowlevied for merely protective purposes, andthereby reduce tho cost of living from 20to 50 per cent.

Tho Cincinnati Enquirer feebly resiststhoDemocratic purpose to nominate Hoff-man for the Presidency, next year, by de-nouncing his viewson finance, -andinsist-ing that theDemocratic party must clingto the greenback and irredeemable paperpolicy. Thisremonstrance is faille. Tam-many Hall has taken charge of the Demo-cratic party, and proposes to run thewholemachine. That this is a foregone conclu-eionin New York city there is no doubt,and Hendricks, and Pendleton, and Han-cock, and Charles Francis Adams may aswellmake the best terms they can with thecoming man of Tammany. Sheriff O’Brien,of New York city, in a recent interview,not only stated thepurposeof Tammany tonominate Hoffman, but disclosed some ofthemoans by which auy opposition to himwill be overcome. He said:“Tammanyis powerful and rich. The South la

poor, and the delegations from theSouthern Stateswill go solid for Hoffman If Tammany wills itThtie arc agents from the South now here, andthings arccowhcing fixed up so as to make Hoff-man's nomination inthe next National Conventiona certainty. ‘ Ton knew how it is yourself ’ withthe South: they are poor and Tammanyrich; thiswas said witha peculiar smile, and Hoffman willcertainly be the next candidate forPresident

It waa stated by Mr. Randall, of Phfla-

delphie, in Congress, the other day, that thenext Democratic Presidential -Conventionwould bo hold in St. Louis, and to this con-vention Tammanyisalready making finan-cialarrangements to bring an overwhelm-ing array of impecunious ex-rebels to votefor Hoffman. If Tammany wills it, hisnomination will bo certain, notwithstand-inghis obnoxious views on finance andshinplaster currency.

HOT DEAD YET.The world narrowly escaped a great be

reavement, a few days ago, when QueenVictoria essayed to pardon out all herFenian prisoners in a lump. For, of allthings which theworld of to-daydotes on,newspaper news is the most precious andindispensable; and, of all fruitful topicsfor newspaper paragraphs, telegraphic andotherwise, tholittle squad of Fenian pris-oners, wasting in “British bastiles," werethe most prolific. If it was not a telegramby cable concerning tho actions, emotions,or'opinionsof one of tho prisoners them-selves, it was the proceedings of some po-litical meeting or other which had somewell-drawn (and long-drawn)resolutions ofsympathy to adopt, with special referenceto the Fenian vote. If neither of thesetopics swelled the strain, it was a speechof some New York politician, or a telegramfrom G. F. Train. Amongthem all, thesevarious sources could be confidentlycounted upon, each morning, for some-thing or other about theFenian prisoners.

And now comes that obstinate woman,Victoria, and, with one strokeof herroyalgoosequill, pardons the whole lot, and at-tempts to blot out wholevolumes of “nows”items, resolutions, etc., in futuro esse. ButVictoria is thwarted, and the supply ofFenian sensationsis likely to be continuedindefinitely, for one of the condoned in-dividuals, McAlpine by name, has refusedto accept his pardon, satisfied, as hedoubtless is, that hecan maintain ahappierstateofnotoriety, os a martyrof theBastile,than byany other means within hisreach.And even had McAlpine decided to payforhis own board hereafter, 'the news-mongers were not to bo thwartedin thomatter, forpolitical caucuses havealreadydfregun to passresolutions of sympathy forthe prisoners on their escape from con-finement Next will follow, doubtless,resolutions of sympathy on theircontinuedstate otbexngat largo. These can be fol-lowed up and repeated adlibitum, variedwith condolence forMcAlpine ; and, whenthey become toostale, why, then, tho otherfellows can getin jail again.

The second-class newspapers of Chicagoseem to bo greatly agitated relative to thopositionof The Tbibune toward GeneralLogan, pending the recent contest for theSonatorship. One of them, which de-nounces the newly-nominated Senator byall the epithetsin its vile vocabulary, givesThe Tbibune the credit of havingbroughtabout his election by its support; another,which opposed Logan, but which nowavows its readiness to eat any amount ofdirt for him, even to thoclimax of its ownwords, insists that thegentlemansucceeded,in spite of “the silent hostility of TheChicago Tbibune.”

Now, these oracles, being just aboutequally worthless, the reason assigned byeach precisely neutralizes the other; and,being obliged to cast about for some othercause of Logan's victory, one is at no lossto discover it in the very active oppositionto him of the two subordinate Journalscited.

Peoria, besides her largecorn traffic and thebest organizedzural whiskey ring in thecoun-try, has, if telegrams can bo believed, ac-quired an additiond means of revenue whichpromises to place her citizens, individuallyand municipally, on a most substantial foun-dation. This, however, is a paradoxical state-ment, since the city’s foundations mast bedagaway in order to develop that moans ofrevenue, which happens to be—gold:

“ Gold, gold, gold, gold,Bright ana yellow, bard and cold,”

which has been discovered in enormousleads right under tho heart of the city. Theauriferous veins have been struck repeatedlyby a couple of well-digging Peorians, namedTaylor, who got so much in tho habit ofthrowing up nuggets with their spades thatthey recked not the incident, anymore than Bhakspeare’a grave-digger mindedthe turning up of a Magistrate’s skull. Atlength, however, coming upon a particularlylarge chunk, they c&snally mentioned the sub-ject, and nowallPeoria is agog with thonews.Well-digging hasbecome the habitual reerea-

, tlon of all householders, since it hasbeen dis-covered that gold, like the truth of which It istypical, “ liesat the bottom of a well.” Theonly fear is that the men named Taylor liedat the bottom of their well, and that the al-legedprecious metal may turn out to be onlya clever imitation of thesame on the part ofnature—some vile “iron pirates,”as the rudeminers say. Let ns hope, however, that allthat glitters in Taylors’ well may prove to bereal gold, and that Peoria may henceforth beable, unlike moat of her sister cities, to dobusiness on a goldbasis.

The wind which blow so much snow to Chi-cago on Sunday was not, after all, a very illwind, since It blew to the knowledge of manycitizens 'an important and valuable fact, viz.,that men (and possibly women—but we willcotnow insist npon that theory) are midowith legs intended by nature forpurposes ofIccomoticn. The discovery was made yester-dayby several thousand people, living cbie&vin the West Division; and so ready is theAmerican mind, and especially the Chicagomind, to take advantageof known facts, thatthose fortunate West Sidere, after havingwaited in vain an average of two hoursapiece for a packed street-car tohappen along, no sooner discoveredtheir extraordinary powers of eelf-propul-fcion, than they started incontinently for“ down town,” whero they arrived without a .single accident, puffing and perspiring, but istill hearty and happy over their new-foundfaculty. Tho sight of these people on thesidewalks was a verycheering one, giving onrstreets a better appearance of health andbusiness than they have presented for manya day. There is no doubt (we make the state-ment unofficially, tbe Sanitary Superintendentbeing away in Brazil orPatagonia,) that anoccasional walk woald prove beneficial to thecommnnity of Chicago. The true humani-tarian cannot, therefore, but exclaim, withKing Bear, though in the teeth of popularprejudice—-

"Blow wind, spit fire, spent rain,”and, especially, snow enongfa tocover up therails, and reveal tbe mode of travel whichnature intended for the able-bodied humanbeing!

Tbo rights of rats aro becoming a promi-nent topic In England, some British Borghhaving caused the arrest of a rat-pit pro-prietor for “ torturing animals, namely dogsand rate, unlawfolly.” Itwas shown beforethe Magistrate who examined tbe case, thatthe dogs suffered physical torture—at leastthat ono canine bled at tho mouth, whileanother was sobitten by therats that he ut-terly collapsed as a belligerent animal, andlay helpless in his owner’s arms. Thiswas.held by the Court to be cruelty,and the fiendof the pit was fined £5, in order to makea casecompetent to be considered in the highercourts. Bat one of the most Interestingfea-tures of tbetrial was tho point made by tbedefendant’s barrister, who said, in effect, thatif hunting rate with small dogs was crueltywithin tbe scope of the statute, then huntingfoxes withhounds was likewise cruelty. Andit seems quiteas if Mr. Barrister were correctin this view. Leastwise, it eeems likely that,daring the general discussion of tbe point,John Puli will become awake to the barbarismand crueltyof some of his moat vauntedna-tional sports. Tho ForinighUy lieoieto lakesnp thecndgcls for the foxes, hares, and deer,who are hunted for sport, and demolishesMr.Anthony Trollope on that.ieaue.

At the meeting of .tho Democratic StateCommittee of Ohio, on Tuesday last, Mr.Yal-landlgbam took the ground that the acquisi-tion of SanDomingo was a measure which thoDemocratic party ought to support—that theacquisition of foreign territory had alwaysbeen tho policy of the Democratic party; thatbe was notparticularly pleased-with the idesof adding one or twohtmdred thousand blacksto our population, bnt he expected that thewhites would soon push them to tho wail.Ho also stated that he (V.) was a member ofthe Dent family, though his claims had notbeenrecognized, and that “if be should everbo found following the light of -that eternalold cigar, his friends might be sure that itwas because it was leading along some of theoldDemocratic pathways.”

THE SOUTHWEST.ILLINOIS.

Tlie Northwestern Dairymen’s Association willmeetatElgin on the 24th, 25th,-and 26th mat.John Wentworth, Rodney Welch, and others, willmake addresser.

—A correspondent of the Galesburg Republicansays: “Abingdon has a woman who evidently‘ knows her rights, and, knowing, dares main-tain them;' or, In other words, she Is * clear grit.’The merchants there have a fashion of fillingthesidewalk with their goods, much to the inconve-nience of pedestrians. The lady In questionforma a barrel of salt in her way in front of agrocery store, and promptly lifted her No. 3 bootand kicked the barrel into the street! It tooktwo mento put itback! Asa klcklst, she coulddiscounta mule I Wonder if she is married, and,,if bo. If"ahe makes a practice of vo-nny thingsabont home in such vigorous stylo 7”

—The Springfield Journalof the 14th says:“We are informed by the officers of the Spring-field A Illinois Southeastern Hallway Company

THE CHICAGO IRlßirNi, TUESDAY, JANUARY 17, 1871thattho strange rumor, woich the State Registerrays is correct (and which it affects tobelieve)that the portion of theirroad finished from Shaw-nee town toKdgewood la about to be tranferred tothe Illinois Central Railroad Company, is notonly false, bat without any foundation whateverThe road Is being pushed toward Beards-town as rapidly as the weather will permit,and willreach Ashland, at the crossingof theJacksonville A Bloomington Railroad, ina fewdays, when a train willbe pnt on connectingnorthand south with that line. The jink from Edge-wood toPana will be bollt next snmmer, whichwill make this road the great through thorough-fare from the southwest corner of the-State, ontho;OhioRiver, to Bearostown, on the IllinoisRiver, adistance of *23 miles: and which the com-pany propose to bold and work as an independentlineof road.”

IOWA.Several business failures have occurred, recen-

tly, at Dubuque.—More than one hundred deer have been killed

In the vicinity ofForest City, Winnebago County,this season.

—A young man named John w.Morrison, ar-rested, a few days since, In ChlUicothe, Mo., ona charge of hone-stealing, and brought to Cory-don, lowa, hung himself witha towel, while inJail, on Monday night of last week. His fatherIsa highly respectable citizen of Corydon.

—Near Des Moines, on Wednesday, a youngman named Thomas Cox endeavored to Illustratea story be was telling to three fellow-huntersabout an acqoalntance of h!a who foolishly shothimself. Els illustrationwas far more vivid thanhe desired, for, by some means, the trigger ofthe gun wasraised and allowed to spring, and alarge charge of No. 6 shot entered young Cox’slungs. The Register says he cannot survive.

—A prominent Democrat and negro-hater ofSioux City was coming down from Yankton}which place tho stage leaves before daylight.After starting from tho hotel, tho stage drovearound toa handsome residence In tho suburbsof the city, where a passenger got In. The SiouxCity Journal describes In fluent words how politelytbo hater of the Fifteenth Amendment tenderedthe lady a seat beside him,and assisted In wrap-pingthe buffalo robe about her, and flattered blm-

• selfon the ogrceablencss of his situation—untildaylight dawned, when he discovered hiscom-

panion to be as black as the ace of spades.

INDIANA.The Judge of the Court of Common Pleas atIndianapolis has determined that professionalJurors—men who hang around the coart-room for

ihe purpose of being placed on Juries—shallnotservo in bis court.—Afew daysago, Mrs. Mary Merchant, of Indi-auapolis, eloped with one J. J. Scott, taking with

her her youngest child, a baby, and leaving be-hind her three other children. Ecr husband wasabsent inMissouri, seeking a location for bis fam-ily. Mrs. M. Is 26 years old. Ber whereaboutsarc unknown.

MISCELLANEOUS,Richmond boasts that, of the 1,000of her citizens

who died InISTO, only one died of gout and four ofintemperance.

—As an evidence of progress In GeorgetownKv., it la stated that *•a two-mule express wagonsucceeds tne oldonc-borse dray.”

—A Maine paper asserts that “Nathaniel Stet-up, ofDurham, recently lost a valuable cow bymvlng swallowed a darning-needle.”

—A veteranangler fished two hoars through theIce In North Stonlngton, Conn., one day lastweek,and caught fifty-ninepickerel.

—The Association of the confederate Army ofNorthern Virginia baa requested Major RobertStiles toprepare a memoir relative to the Dahl-gren-Fiizpatrlck raid on Richmond in the springof 1864.

—Two bottles, strung together and securelyscaled, have been washed on tho beach at Corn-wall, England, one of them directed to Hamburgand two slxpenses to defray tho cost of postage.The other bottle contains a pint of nun to recom-pense the finder for his uuble inposting the let-ters, which are from the Danish brig Anne Geor-gians, bound toLagnayra.

—The newest thing in stationery for lovers Isrose-colored note paper, with an Imprint of Cupidin gold.

—A letter from an English printer employed atoneof the Fans newspaper offices,addresacd tohiswife InEngland, states that be has daring twentydaysonly received four ounces of meat, and thatbe has been obliged to support himself by theuse of some olive oil which he bad with him.

—The Richmond Enquirer, speaking of DutchGap, says; “This' famous ditch, wo hear, la tobe cleaned out. It is tobe made 230 feet wide,and of sufficient depth for the navigation of ves-sels ofany tonnagethat can pass between It andRichmond.

—On the 2d ofDecember, the anniversary of theeovp. d'etat, the French prisoners now at Darm-stadt, were gathered In the Catholic chapel, andaddressed by a clergyman, who exhorted them topray for thetr captive Emperor,'and tobe patient,as the time will soon come whea the Emperorwill lead them back to France In triumph.

—A sturdy beggar who asked at a clergyman’sboose, inMeriden, Coon., for a coat, was givenoue that was slightly threadbare and minus asingle button. The applicant for charity passedis back, exclaiming, with offended dignity,“Madame, z want a coat that 1 should not beashamed towear In the daytime.” His would-be benefactress gazed at him laamazement, andthen retired torepair the garment for the use ofherownhnsband.

—Chateau dTJn has changed garrisons six timesdaring the last two months, and with everychange, says a correspondent, there oomesa pangof some sort. One daycome the Germans, stay aweek and go; then come the French, take whatthe Germans have left, and scold the Inhabitantsfor giving the Germans anything, and go; backcome the Germans, the same evening, squeezethe sponge lor the last drop, and live npon theInhabitants until It Is a mystery how anybody Inthe wretched place lives atall, only to make wayonce more for the French, and so on. Some Ideaof the exhausting fatigue from which the Ger-mans have suffered inthe Loire country may bederived from the statement of a cavalry officer,that the horses of hisregiment bad not been un-saddled for twenty-eight successive days andnights.

—Ata murder trial in Memphis, wherein an at-tempt to establish insanity Is made on the part ofthe defence,Dr. j.Zb Allen was called, as an ex-pert, and testified os follows: 1 have been a prac-tising physician for nearly thirty years; 1 havehad some experience In cases of insanity, havingbeen ten years Medical Superintendent of theKentucky Lunatic Asplom, and daring that timehad over 2,000 crazy people unuer my charge; Ihave beard the hypothetical case read by Sir.Phelan; I am hereas an expert, and, before an-swering thls-questlon, would like tosay that themore 1 have studied the question of Insanity theless I understood It, and if you ask me where Itbegins and where It ends, neither I nor any phy-sician In the world could tell you; In fact,on oc-casions like thls,lawyers make fools of themselvesin tiringto make asses of doctors.

—A singularly mlzed-np case. Involving thelaw of marriage and divorce, was before theSupreme court of Boston last week. BenjaminWhite sues for divorce from his wife Mary on theground of desertion. Ho had been previouslymarried, and bis former wife, who is still living,bad also obtained a divorce from him on theground of desertion. He supposed ho could manyagain, and didmarry Mary; bat finding that, un-der the statute, he being the gnllty party inthe

former divorcecase, there was donbt of the legal-ity of tho second marriage, bo and his secondwife petitioned the Legislature and obtained tbepose&goofan act legalizing it. Two questionsare, therefore, involved; First, was thesecondmarriagelegal7 Second, was It rendered so bytbe legislative act, or was that act nnconstltatlon-al as snependlog a general law for the benefit ofa particular person and assuming powers belong-lug tolely to tbe Supreme Coart 7 The Coartre-served Up decision.

—ALondon baker has bis bill-heads printednpon paperof three different colors—red, green,and white. The object of this Is to avoid tbenecessity of giving Instructions to the man whodelivers the bread, floor, Ac., to the customers,as when tbebill Is made out upon a red paper, itdenotes “ danger,” and he Is not to leave thegoods without tbe cash ; if on green paper, It de-notes “caution,” as tho customer Is donbtfnl,andthe man Is to get tbe money if be can; If onwhite, It Is safe to leave any quantityof goods oncredit

—Last wees tbe engineer of a train on the Bos-ton & AlbanyHoad, baying run down a marketwagon, stopped tbo train as soonas possible tolearn the result of t&e accident. Upon dismount-ing and looking on tbe platform connected withthe cow-catcher, be found a man, well muffledup, witha bag of oata and a tub of batter by hisside, sitting very composedly, apparently on bisway to market! He was not hurt In the least,though bis team was made into kindling-wood.

—Louisville and Cincinnati bold antagonisticpositions on tbe question of a certain proposedKentucky railroad; and tho Lontsrille Couriertbns makesreference to tbe matter:“In compliment to Bret Horte, tbe Kentucky

Legislature willplease sing;“* Which webad a small game,f.And ah, Cln. took a hand:c wasRailroad. The same

She did not understand:Bat she smiledas she sat by the table,With a amile that was chUd-Ukc ana bland. ’ ”

—Fanny Fern saja a good thing about Bostonis, “That ladles can go topublic places eveningsalone or in couples, even if John or Tom don’twant to go, or are away from home. Itongbt tobeso everywhere; but in New York, where peo-ple go ont fromtheir own doors and are some-times never beard of afterward, and for the mat-terof that, go Into their own doors and are nev-er Been alive afterward, it is a risky under-taking.”

—The Woman** Journal, ofBoston,—Mrs. Liver-more’s paper,—“ begins Its second year In an en-larged fdrm, on better paper, with forty columnsof printed matter, Instead of thirty-two, as here-tofore, and at the reduced subscription price of

$2.60 per annum.”—a recent traveller says that Botterdam and

Holland seemed en fete as he parsed through.TheDutchman, according to the observer, hasmanagedto gotInto his head two notions whichnow comfort him exceedingly. The one thatPrussia has, or can have, no Idea of coveting Hol-land ; the other, that, if so strangea notion shouldenter her bead, nothingwillbe more simple than,by Jostenttmg a few dykes, to drown Immediatelythe whole Germanarmy. “What is tobecome ofthe Hollanders themselves during the applicationto the Invader of this heroic form of cold-watercure,” adds the writer, "1 have not been ablesatisfactorily to ascertain. Those I have con-sulted onthe subject assure me positively thatthey are not web-footed, os Is commonlysupposed elsewhere, nor yet provided un-der their voluminous nether garmentswith the natural water-proofing of scales orfeathers they have sometimes been supposed tobe constructed expressly toconceal. But theyseem to reckon quite confidently on paddlingabont somehow while the invaders drown, anddrawing oil the water afterwards intime to get

on with the ordinary business of the season.”—The mining statistics of Orest Britain for

1869 have Justbeen published, from which it ap-pears that the production of coal daring, thatperiod amounted to 107,427,557 tons, valued at£134,254,410. The ether principal minerals minedduringISC9 areas follows: Iron ore, 11,503,125tons, valued at $18,652,800; lead ore, 9C,566 tons,valued at £5,945,150; tin ore, 14,725 tons, valuedat $5,133,025;. copper ore, 159,953 tons, valued at$2,599,560; zinc ore, i5,533 tons, valued at$246,630. The total value of all tho mineralsmined in 1869, Including others not men-tioned, amounted to 1176,260,c00. in the tablefrom which the above Ugnres have been taken,mention is made of“ gossans.” This word is aCornish mining term, used to designate an oxideof Iron mixed with other matters found on theupper portions of lodes, and which is frequentlyvery rich in silver, and sometimes contains gold.

The metals obtained from the ores mentloed®°°7e781064111 the*?Jfregateat �83,268335.or tneee metals the principal are asfoUoira: ton,5,445,757 tons, Talced at �68,071,995; lead, n.959tons, earned at $6,007,230; copper, *6,291 ons.2£?£Lat-.? 3*22® ,885 : 2,ac » 4' 600 tonB» raloel at$462,00°; silver,B3l,B9l ounco3,valned at 11,039360.T^l nte tolal 7alft® of metals and coal,with other minerals, excepting building at*ne,lime, slates, and common clay, produced inGreat Britain and Ireland la 1389, la place! at$232,249,400. at

-As many aa twelye French Dnltca ot meo dcat and moM aistlngnlaheil Uncage, Hare beenallied or aerlonaly wounded anting the present1116 Tranurrmi, Gall HunUtonaaae. la mere anything especially agreeable Incounting greenbacks till yonr Ungers bleed V

«T^. en.w

r twelve men, who, before the war, wereamong the wealthiest citizens of New Orleans,are now said to be extremely poor.—Tbe“Bear,” “Black Horse,” and “Buck.”tevemainPhiladelphia have been kept as publichouses since 1785. e

-Twenty-three Trappists have quitted theirmonasteryat Dombes, m the Ain Department.France, and have joined tbe Garde Mobile.—A New Haven youth was recently so con-vinced that he had swallowed his two artificialteeth, plate and all, that he suffered horrors inImagination and a severe pain In his stomach. Heafterwards found the teeth la his vest pocket.

—At Los Angelos, California, on the afternoonof the 3d Instant, an American lady was whirledaround many times, and stripped almost naked,by getting her dress caught In the machinery ot amill which she hod visited to examine. Her bod-ily injurieswere not considered fatal

—A young married woman, apparently in goodhealth, fell dead In Coatesville, CheaterCo., Pa.,afew days ago, while preparing dinner, and heraged mother, hastening downstairsonbelng sum-moned, fell and was killed instantly.

—Some ingenious speculators at Rouen hadformed a special insurance company for guar-anteeing subscribers against the .various evils ofwar; bm, among these evils, the occupation ofRouen by the Germans had not been foreseen,and the company, too severely tested at the veryoutset of Us enterprise, has entirely collapsed.

PBRSOXAL.Grace Greenwood writes that Nye, of Ne

vacla, looks like Ben Franklin. „

—Father Ryan, the favorite Southern poet, hasbecome editor of the New Orleans mar.

—Forney's Olivia admires the “thin, flexiblenostrilof Dawes,”and the “fclnsous, flexible formofFernando Wood.”

—A floating item has It that tho famous Frenchfortune-teller, Adelaide Lenonnand, is still aliveand expects to live until isso. Her friends wentto her funeral in Paris over twenty-seven yearsago.

—Dr. Brewster, a well-known American, whohas been in Enrope since 1634, recently died InVersailles, He was appointed dentist to thecourts ofFrance and Russia, and received numer-ous decorations from them. ‘

—Early in iifs. Peter Cooper broke down inthree different klnas of business, and then triedthe manufacture of glue. That stuck.

—The wife of President Cespedea, who has justbeen capturedby the Spaniards and Is inHavana,Is described as being about 20 years old, ofpleasant appearance, and lively in conversation.She says she boa been UnOly.treated by the Span-ish authorities.

—Ralph Waldo Emerson, though 86 nextMay, bids fair to bo in lull enjoyment of physicaland mental health for twenty years tocome.

—Tho Saltan of Turkey’s private Ufo Is declaredto be a combination of those ot Claudius andcomm od us.—Gladstone Is reportedtobe almost worn out

withanxiety and overwork, and to be sufferingfrom heart disease.

—JohnP. Hale ia slowly but steadily decliningIn health.

—General Ely A. Elliott, and his wife, Mrs.Susan SI. Elliott, were but a few boars divided intheir death, after over flfty-three years of marriedlife, and their remains were buried together onTuesday, la Clinton, Conn.

—A letter from London says that Mrs. Lincolnwas In that city on the 22d ulu, for the purposeofplacing her son Tad at school, and that having ac-complished this, she purposed Joining her friend,Sire. Bishop Simpson, in Rome.

—Alexander H. Stephens wrote two letters tothe Georgia newspapers last week. The Orst let-ter approved the proposed lease of the railroadbelonging to the State, and the second letter with-drew the approval. Ho bad 11 suddenly been putIn possession of some facta” showing that thehighest bid had not been accepted by $11,500.

—One Colonel Baxter, of Tennessee, bad acharacter which be prized very highly. But cer-tain newspapers and Individuals ronbed him of Itpiece by piece, and be has brought seven suits torecover his good name. The total value of theseveral fragments is set down by him at $950,000,or $50,000 apiece.)

—TbreelFrancs-tlrenrs having been hung byBaden soldiers, Colonel Bonrraswrote toGeneralWerder, atDijon, toask whether this was an iso-lated case which would not be repeated. If, headded, It became the rale, he would be obliged toresort toreprisals on the seventy prisoners whowere now la his hands. General Werder replied:“I have given orders to investigate the case ofwhich yon apprise me. Whatever the result, Ihasten toannounce thatsimilar caeea willnot oc-cur, and that 1 shall never permit a prisoner ofwar tobe sent to the gallows.”

—Deacon Stephens. Wardwell,of Providence,R. 1., died on the loth lost. He was born on thefirst day of the first week of the first month of thefirst year of this century, and was thus Just 70years eld on the first dayof the first week of thefirst month of 1671. or70 years and 10 days on theday of bis death. He was born inProvidence,andrarely left the city, never was to New York, andonly twice to Boston. He was Cashier of theEagle Bank forty-five years, and previously book-keeper In the same institution, thus making,probably, tbe longest term of service with onebankof any cashier in NewEngland. He servedas deacon totbe Free Chorob, of which be was amember at bis death, twenty-eight years.

—Charles Uhlendorf, aged 10, whose motherlives at 27 Sheriff street, New York, and whosofather 1s dead, was accused before Justice Led-with, on Thursday, by Miss 3laggie Boyle, a teach-er In pobllc school No. 34, of attacking her with aslang-shot. For some time, Mina Boyle said, behad been attending her school, and had alwaysbeen incorrigible. Several times she had expell-ed him, bat had readmitted him. He bad organ-ized a gang of about twenty children youngerthan himself, and with his troop at his heels,would waylay her on her way home, threateningher, and sometimes assailing her with mad audstones. Yesterday morning she expostulatedwith him on his behavior, and be attacked herwitha slung-ehot. Justice Ledwlth committedhim to the Juvenile Asylum.

—The New York correspondent of the BostonAdvertiser writes as follows: “The air Is filledwith rumors respecting tbe causes of the suddeuwithdrawal of Theodore Tilton from tbe editor-ship of the Brooklyn frnwn,sosoon after hisresig-nationof the editorship of the Independent, andhisannouncement that he would continue to con-duct the Union, It Is positively certain that polit-ical reasons have bad nothing to do with thechange, and General Grant's administration maytherefore be spared tbo ciltlcism which some pa-pers have already expended upon it, forIts sup-posed agency to procuring the removal of Mr.Tilton. The political course of the Union duringthe last few mouths has Indeed been quite erratic,andapparentlysometimes underthe spell of tbe'ring, 1but that responsibility belonged to Usowner ss wellas toIts editor. Tbe charges nowcurrent are of a much graver and personal char-acter.”

—The Cologne Gazette says that at Vienna if.Thleis happened tostayat the same hotel with1LRanke. These two faUtonans dined together,and M. Thiers pnt the question, “Against whomdoesGermany, in fact, fight at this moment? "

“Against Lonla XIV.,” answered M, Ranke. iLThiers did not reply.

—The San Francisco AUa says: “P. T. Bar-nnm, the great showman, when bo was In Califor-nia,a year ago, became possessed of a desire toowna couple of sea-lions. Our citizens will re*member the efforts made by a party of fishermenat Point Reyes to catch one of tbo monsters forhim, which resulted In the capture of a youngone, which was sent East by water. Whetherthis infant Is alive or not does not appear; butBam am has not had his desires on the sea-lionquestion satisfied. lie has writtento the proprie-tor of Woodward’s Gardens tosecure for him, andsend forwardas soonas possible, two large sea-llons—somethingafter thestyle of 1 Ben Butler,'at tbo Cliff; something that can bowl and willprove an attraction,”

—The Ron. John Cessna was with Mr. Covolewhen he died. Mr. Covodc and hla wife had beentoPhiladelphia to place their children at school,and were on their return. On reaching Harris-burg, on Tuesday evening, ilr. Corodo was quitecheerful, andate a hearty sapper. Soon after hecomplained of feeling chilly, and, later In theevening, suffered considerable pain In the leftside. About midnight ho was much prostratedbyvery acute pain In the region of the heart, bat thephysician assured blm of relief In a short time.The pain contlnaed to Increase, however, untilabout 4 o’clock, when his physician told him bewouldbe better In an hour. He answered, “MustI suffer this agony foran hour yet 7” and almostImmediately after said, “I am dying," and ceasedtooreatbe.

—Perry Fuller, who died suddenly, at Washing-ton, January 11,was born In Illinois In 1526, and,In 1564, removed to Kansas, whore he cook an ac-tive and prominent part In the operations of theFree Slate party. He auoaequently resided in theWestern Territories, and held several publicoffices, such as Indian Agent and similar posi-tions, and, iniscs, he was appointed Collector ofCustoms for the port of New Orleans.

—HenryAlford, Dean of Canterbury, who diedla Lodon on Friday last, was born in that city laISIO. Educated at Hmlnstcr Grammar School,Somerset, and Trinity College, Cambridge, wherehe graduated with distinction, he early enteredthe literary world, publishing, anonymously, iu1831, a volume entitled “Poems and PoeticalFragments.” This was followed In 1335 by “TheSchool of the Heart, andother Poems,” to whichhis name was appended. Both works were wellreceived, the latter running through several edi-tions in England and inthis country, wnere theadmirers of bis works have always been very nu-merous. In 1634 he was elected a Fellow of Trin-ity College, and in the following year left theUniversity totakc charge of the parish of Wymce-wold,Lclceetershlre,Q3 vicar,remaining there until19£3.£1n 1611 he published “Chapters on thoPoets of Greece.” During that and the followingyearhe was Hulscan Professor at Cambridge,and from 1841 to ISCI was Examiner of Logicand Moral Philosophy in the Unlveraityof London. The first volume of 'hisedition of the Greek Testament was Issued inIMI,and the filth, completing the work, inFeb-ruary, 1661. It has passed through many editionsBe was also the authorof an edition of the NewTestament withrevised text and commentariesforEnglish readers, several volumes of sermons,andssme lighterworks, while for years, althoughtho fact was cot pablicly announced, be was theeditorof the Cotemporary Review. From 1853 toiSs7he officiated as Minister at Quebec StreetChapel, London, where be attracted largecongre-gations by bis scholarship and eloquence. Uponthe deathof Dean Lyall, in 1657, Lord Palmerstonconferred upon him the Deanery of Canterbury.In 1661 Mr. Alford puollshed a little volume in-tended to correct some of the many errora of ex-pression which are so prevalent inthense of thelanguage. The title of this studyof words wasvery appropriately “The Queen’s English,” Itattracted considerable attention, and served todrawout several little volumes from differentau-thors directed to the same end.

WASHINBTON.

The Dominican Commission.

A Talk with Mr, Fabens,

His Programme,

Bints About the Hew State.

Where the Commiaaionera Will Go.

[PBOM OUB OWN COKBESFONDSNT.jWASHINGTON, Jan. 11

Tbe President baa finally carried throughboth Houses his bootless resolution toappointConmlßeioners to tbe Dominican State. Thisresolution, modified and emasculated by theAmbler proviso, is all that President Grantcan hope toaccomplish with the present Con-gress, and he can accomplish nothing what-ever with tbo next Congress. Everybody inWashington regards the matter aa helped to-ward its grave. In its inception little, in as-sociation doubtful, in management tricky, theutter failure of this scheme will decoratewithlaurel theAmerican intellect, and prove thattbo State has still stability, temperance, andindependence. Greater to refuse than to ac-cept a kingdom, wo shall show ourselves totho world pacific, toour weak neighbors mag-nanimous, and to our own destiny true. Thosolid continent ia our kite; the Presidentwonts to fly tbo bobs, those islets, instead.

THE DATS OF DEBATE.Itcannot bo said that tho last days of the

debate upon tbo Dominican acquisition woreeither interesting or instructive, except foathe fino episode of Schurz’s speech, on Wed-nesday. I have given you, heretofore, a gen-eral description of Schurz's stylo of speakingand composition, and need not, tboroforo, am-plify upon this, which was by far his moat fin-ished production, and delivered with more zealand energy than any of his previous speeches.It hasbeen said of him that be recites essays,rather than deliversarguments; but X ascribethese criticisms to the generally low grade ofscholarship here, which looks with suspicionupon anything very fine, and holds to tho old-fashioned notion, that, to bo anything of aspeaker, ono must say a little dema-gogery, a good deal about the party, andconsiderable about this latter sort offreedom. Scborz is a better educated manthan the majority of his colleagues, and hisspeech appeared to them to have a certainland of scholasticism; but to the ordinary,intelligent reader there is nothing very pro-found in this German-Amorican’s addressesThey always seem to mo to be extremelypractical, and generally formed of materialargument. He tells no anecdotes, uses fewillustrations, and ia precise in his language.The real facta of his speech constitute theirstrength, and that judicious arrangement ofthem which makes tho whole composition oneexpanding work of strength, full of “points,”which ar» yet so logically arranged that theyare like the successive propulsions of somesteady elevation, unbroken by episodes, orthe digressive “hits” of ono of our stumpspeakers.

Schurz entertains a conception, entirelynovel in tho Senate, that there is, some-where in our society, a large class of unpre-judiced, candid, and really learned readers.He does not speak to a “constituency,” norto anyparticular Senator, who maybe beforehim, nor to any sot of prejudices, but dirootlyand frankly to that ideal audience which weshall ono day have, through tho educationof each speeches aa his, if indeed we do notpossess it already.

Further than this, Schurz is an excellentdebater. Ho ia. In tho first place a gentle-man, and to be a gentleman, is always to pos-sess tho advantage over more ruffianism, nomatter howendowed withstrength and taot. Tointerrnpt Schnrz is a difficultmatter, becauseheihas a gracious way of showing courtesywhich disarms antagonism, and takes the pre-meditated insult out of tbo mouth of tbo in-terrupter. Yesterday, while he -was speaking,Morton, feeling the great weight of hisspeech, interrupted with futile propoundinga.In several cases, Sctmrz turned about andgave mild answers, which wore yet direct,crushing retponsea, but frequently hia onlyreply wae:“If the gentleman will permit mo, I amapproachingthatpoint;” or, “with tho gentle-man's permission, 1 think I have met thatpoint already."

Schurz's speech met the largest aspects oftbo subject of annexation. He disclaimedany knowledge or belief that, in tbe subjectreposed a “ job," but upon the highest meritsOf tho annexation which oould be presumed,bo opposed his judgment. It was not Do-minica’to which he objected, itwas annexa-tion ; itwae not Baez who was offensive, itwas the Spanish and French half-breeds; itwas not the poverty or riches of the islandwhich deterred him, it was the burden andcurse of colonies; he urged the Germanicnotion of cizilization, by work in climateswhere men must work, and on the mainlandwhere nature had already establish-ed tbe ample and symmetrical boundariesof a perfect nation. Tina speech, deliveredin tbe preaence’of crowded galleries, tho Sen-ate Chamber filled with representatives whohad come over to hear it, is undoubtedly thomaster piece of Scborz. Itwas fine, aa always <to see him standing there, in the youthful ■prime of life, winning laurels on tbs side ofpeace, repose and magnanimity, against anadministrationand a party which could make ;no better reply than only such little jabber as ifollowed the profound impression left by (Sohurz, made by such curious old smatterera \as Henry Wilson, Dick Yater, and that emi-grating school of nature's journeymen. j

A TALE WITH FABENS,Ihave said toyon, in a previous letter, that

I became acquainted with the celebrated Sir.Fabeoe, who ia the Generalissimoof Bioz, tocarry annexation through the United StatesCongress. A second interview which I haveheld with ITr.Fabono affords mo the beat pre-sentment of the views of those who favorannexation. As lam privileged to use thismatter, I feel no < ompunctious in doing eo:I eaw in Batons a tnm, neat man, withluxuriant, busby locks, turned while; bis

weight about 130 ponnds. his eyesclear gray; a large Boman, almostJewish, noso, ' giving forco to whatwas otherwise a professional face, and a soft,good address, which appeared to be remark-able in but one respect, and that was a habitof speaking softest at the most energetic partsof his conversation. He talked right on, withbut a trifleof reserve, until bis bearers got in-terested and put a question ; then Hr.Fabens’voice diopped about to a monotone, and hismanner grew suddenly shy. I snpposo thattbo diplomatic character, or his increasedsensitiveness of late, may have made thismannerism express his ruling notion of“prenez garde r Fabens is a French name,and the male ancestry of this gentleman isalso French. Cazne&n, Mr.Fabens* associate,is also of French extraction.I And, from other sources, that Fabens bas

always been a man with somewhat specula-tive and erratic propensities. Some yearsago ho devised a project of patting camelson the Isthmus of Panama, to supersedemules and nags in crossing there. Many ofbis camels died, and the rest were not foundserviceable, but Fabens indulged himself inwriting a clover hook, full of sly satire,called “The Camel Hunt.’* Ho has alwaysbeen possessed of money, is well married,and is looked npon in the Ironies as a con-siderable citizen. lam told tbit he bas potall bis possibilities of time, energy andmoney, into this scheme, and that if it fails,as now scorns certain, ho will go down withit. He has one brother inCalifornia, a prac-titionerof law. Fabens, hiraaelf, got into thetropics by his father’s former association witha packet line toSon Domingo and the Wind-ward Islands.

SOME IDEA OF FABENS* JOB.The following will embrace some of the

beads which he covered in this talk:“What sort of a man is Baez, Mr. Fabons ?”

"Baez Is a thorough Parisian, a fine, hand-eemo white follow, who inherited from hiafather a splendid mahogany timber “cot,”by which ho got out several cargoes a year,and was enabled to receive his education andlive delightfully in the city of Paris. Becamehomo with an enthusiasm foi his native island,and ie now about 55 years of age, as good-looking a man as yon ever saw. and a thor-ough courtier. Cabral, his opponent, used tobo Baez’s Minister of War. Ho, also, is afiret-rato follow, bat jealous of Baez,and bo feels bis inability to con-tend, successfully, with the latter.1 know Cabral as well as I know Bocz, andI have no objection to find to him, because, atheart, ho is as much in favor of the UnitedStates acceding to the Dominican Republic asBooz is. When Baez came hero, some timeago, some gentlemen gave him a dinner at theManhattan Club in New York, and he wasprovided with letters of introduction tosomeof our most distinguished folks at the capitalcity.7 Amongst these was Charles Sum-ner, who gave him encouragement, and ap-peared tobe fond of him.”“Did yon first suggest to President Grantthe annexation of SauDomingo?”“Yea, I think 1 was the first. I had lived

out theretwelve years, and always entertain-ed the notion that annexation, not only ofthat Uland, but of all the West Indies, wouldcome about. SanDomingo is very rich inminerals, mines, products, and forests, batthe people seem incapable of getting along.They are a good race, bnt an unstable one,fond of change, and readily going over fromono leader to another, yet all classes unite inwishing to belong to the United States. Inthat respect they differ materially with theHaytiens, who are not a white race, like theDominicans, ‘but are blacks and mulattos,and who still have a sort of brigand-liko notion of an independent nationalitv.I was told that General Rawlins, Grant’s oldCbief-of-Staff, was interested in tbo subjectof both Mexican and Cuban annexation, ani Iwent to him, and laid my scheme before him.I think it was ho who introduced mo to Bab-cock and toGeneral Grant. I left with Gen-eral Grant a statement and a number' ofbooks, and aeked to have them examined.When I saw him again, after a .considerablelapse of time, bo had gone over the wholecollection, and seemed to me to have a veryminute knowledge of tho entire subject. Hosaid to me, *1 am in favor of this,’ and sobe has been earnest in its favor over since.There has been a great deal written ahontjobbery in this thing, and poor Babcock hasgot it roughly. Now, Babcock is one of thesqnarest, truest, most sensitive men whom Ihave ever met. I have also been describedas a dreadful object. I met an old school-mate, a few days ago, whom I have not seenfor thirty years, and, after renewing ourcon-gratulations, ho said to me, ‘ I always thinkof yon, Fabons, when. I hear that miserablewretch discussed who is at tho bottom of thisSan Domingo job, and I have often thoughthow much it might concern you to see anysuch rascal bearing your family name. * Wellnow,* sold I to the man, *lam that Fabeuaoxactlv. lam the wretch yon have heard dis-

and ho opened hia eyes, aud said itw&e the most marvelous coincidence ho hadever known.”

A gentleman present asked Mr. Fabonsabout the debt of the Dominican Republic.He alleged that it bad a very small debt, apart of which was owing to H&yti, and a portto the celebrated backing house of Jossoriynn,of the Island of Curaooo, whom be

described to be the Rothschilds of theWest Indies. Besides, there was soma debtowing to the House of Peabody * Company,in London. Ho said that the two marplots mtbo whole business were St. John, a BritishConsul, and a former Spanish Consul at SanDomingo City, who bad brought about theSpanish inoccupation. The Spaniard, Mr.FaKns alleged, opposes the annexation ofSan Domingo by the Americans, because Soambad failed in it, and St. John’s conduct he at-tributed to the general “eugsednesa”of theBritish characterin any matter of territorialemulation. He said that Saget, the presentusurper of Hayti, was a mulatto with theworst traits of the white man m him, whileSaJnave. who bad neon killed at CapeHaytien, was a negro and a hero. Saget hadSalnave’s body dragged behind an ox cart be-fore the Americanconsul's residence, wherethe wifeand family of tbe dead President re-mained, as a token of Ms contempt of theUnited States.

Hr. Fabens said further, that if the UnitedStates took possession of Domingo, acity would grow up on Samana Bay, whichwould drainHavana of all its big merchants,and be the wonder of the Antilles. He saidthat the President of the United States wasalready possessed of a long list of namesof Cuban planters, who wereweary of _ slavery and Spain, andwere ready, with their freed servants, to em-igrate toDominica, as soon as the AmericanUag should bo displayed there. One of Hr.Fabens ideas, which} he dwelt nponwithsome lucidity, was the fact that we were boundto get all the West Indies, and build arail-road down tbo Peninsulaof Florida and alongthe Keys, which should connect with a steamferry across the seventy-five miles of Floridastraits, while another railway would traversethe whole length of Cuba. A second ferrywould cross the thirty-five miles of thewindward passage, and so a seriesot railroads and femes would connect Doom-ict with Porto Rico and the whole eeriea ofVirgin and Windward Islands, and Trinidadand the mainland of South America. *

Hr. Fabens evidently belongs to that de-scription of Massachusetts-born men who al-ways take a sanguine view of things to thelast. Ho said that when General Banks firstintroduced the Dominican question it got nosupport at all. but now it had plenty of advo-cates in both bouses. But his views on thissubject differaltogether from those of somaof his associates, who look upon the wholething as already deceased, and say that thistrip of tbe three Commissioners to tbe tropicswill merely be its funeral procession.

THE EOUTE OF THE COiniISSION.“Of course,” said Mr.Fabens, “I am not

tho director of this expedition, though I shallaccompany it, because I know the island bet-ter than any who happen to be available forthe uses of this commission. I think j canoutline toyou the general course to bo pur-sued :

_“ The ship Tennesseeis already in commis-sion, equipped and manned. The Commis-

sioners willprobably getoff on Sunday. Someother persons will go, though not many. TboEepuhlican newspaper of Washington willprobably bo allowed to send a delegate."“How long is the passage ?"

“If the Tennessee can steam well,she oughtto make the trip from HamptonRoads toPortPlate in five days and a half. The Tybee,which is the regular New York packet, re-quires six days and a half, being slow. Batit can be made by a superiorvessel in fourdays and a half.

“JAtPort Plate ox-carta oome out in theshoal water to take off tbe Commissionersand their suite. Resting boro one day, thomulesjand pack-horses provided to trans-port tbe party will take them upor tho first stage of forty-five miles,to St. lago, the great city of thointerior. Hero there live about 18,000people,and some of the best storehouses of mer-chants in all the tropica are tobe found at St.

Some of them employ thirty salesmen,and are open from davlight to midnight, andyou can buy any artiefe there from a pair ofshoes to a Cashmere shawl. At St. lago thoCommission will rest, say, five days. ThereBaez has fitted up an old palace for them,and they will see tho habits and modes of thointerior.“ The commission will next proceed to LaVeja, and slop two days, then to Cotul, then

to San Carlos, and bo, after about two weeks’ournoy, willarrive at the capital city of SanDomingo. Hero reside 12,000 people, and

many antiquities will be shown. Thebouses are built, in many cases, of stone.The cavity

_where tho body of Colum-

bus rested, prior to Us removal toHavana, is to be scon in tho Cathedral.President Baez will give some entertain-ments hero, and if tho Commissioners wishthey can go to theWest and look at the saltmine, where rock salt is quarried and pul-verized.“ The Tennessee will meantime havosteamed around to the south side of thoisland, and be ready to take the commission

to Samana Bay and thence home. My sou isthe American Consul at Samana, and keepstho flag flying there.a “Thocommiaeioncanbahomoagain in Wash-ington city by the 20th of February, ready toreport immediately and give tbe present Con-gress time to act. It is the wish of too friendsof the movement tnat action ehali bo takenby this Congress, and tho work consummatedbefore the llh of March.”

So much for Mr.Fabens. SenatorNyo thinksthe Senate will hold an extra session tocon-sider San Domingo’s acquisition by treaty.The House fools tho defiance Implied in thismac centre. Gath.

ENGLAND AND AMERICA.A German View of the Alabama

Claim*,The London Standard gives tbo following

abstract of sa article on tbo Alabama claimscontributed by Prof Bluntschli, of tbo Uni-versity of Heidelberg, to tbo Revue de DroitInternational et Legislation Cornparcc: Prof.BlunUchli commences by discussing whetherHr. Sumner's complaint against England forrecognizing tbo Confederate States twa bellig-erent power was well foonued, and comes tothe conclusion that it was not *becauso tboNorth treated tbo South as belligerents andnot asrebels; and, further, because thoblock-ading the Southern porta and excluding for-eign Teasels was an act not onlyaffecting the enemy but foreignStates. He says that a war mustbe “a political struggle, and engaged in forpolitical purposes.” and that, in thecase of acivil war, tboeo who revolt aro belligerentswhen: first, they have an organized army;second, they observe the laws of war in carry-ing on hostilities; third, they tight in goodfaith for their rights. As all these requisiteswere found in the case of the ConfederateStales, they were entitled tobe recognized asbelligerents. Then Prof. Blnntacbli criticisesHr.Sumner's objection to our proclamationof neutrality in the civil war, and hia theory 1that there can be no sneb thing as neutralityin a civil war, and that to proclaim neu-trality is in reality an act of favor tothe rebels. “Neutrality,” says the learnedProfessor, “is above all a negative con-ception. It signifies by anticipation non-participation in tbo war. 'Everywar presup-poses] at least two combatant {parties; allStates which aronot of one party or the otherare neutral." When the insurgents ina civilwar become "so powerful as to bo recognizedas belligerents, thesimultaneous consequen-ces are, first, that the constitutional partyought to treat|the other as a beUigorentjsecondthat other States are as regards these twoparties, in the positioner neutrals, Noutrali-ty, in short, is the result of the acts of thebelligerents, not of thoso of the neutralpower. Professor Bluutsohli then takes thegrievances of Hr. Sumner in connection withtbo Alabama—first, that she was detained inLiverpool by the government; second, that,after leaving.Liverpool, she put into a Welshport, and there remained thirty-six hours,dnringwhich time she received herarmament:third, that she subsequently came alongsidevarious British ships, and entered into and

remained in divers British porta, and no at-tempt was made to detain her; fourth, thatshe was an English ship by bntld and arma-ment. and that the only thing American abouther was her Captain—this was an act of hos-tilityon the part of England against tho Uni-ted States; fifth, that the most conspicuousviolations of tho duties of a friendly power,of which England was guilty, was in tho mat-ter of tho Alabama. But there woro otherSouthern cruisers of tho same type, and thoblockade-runners that carried contraband ofwar ware English-built and owned byEngliah-men. By allowing tho departure oftho Alabama, which they mighthave prevented, and her subsequentequipment, tho English Government, Profes-sor I'iunischli thinks, violated not only in-ton “tiona! law, but also the provisions of thoFo* ‘gn Enlistment act, and gavo to the Gov-ernment of the United States a claim forcom-f ensation. But although, according to Pro-

eaeorBluntschli, to let slip a cruiser such asthe Alabama—a privileged pirate is hia termfor her—is a very grave fault, and one forwhich a State injured thereby can claim com-pensation, be yot draws a distinction betweenthe direct consequences of such an act andthe indirect consequences—the actual destruc-tion of ships and cargoes, and the injury tocommerce—produced by tho insecurity ofnavigation arising out of tbo existence of thoemiaers. For tho direct consequences of theescape of the Alabama he would apparentlyhold bis country liable, but not for theindirect. Prof. Bluntschli then points cutthat the parties who lost ships or cargoes bythe operations of tho Alabama, inasmuch asthey could not sno before any tribunal thehmlders and equippers of tho Alabama, havenot, as individuals, any claim on the EnglishGovernment, but he eays the United Stateshave a claim arising out of the violation ofthe duties which a neutral State owoa to abelligerent. Satisfaction, according to Prof.Bluntschli, can take one ot four forme—first,a ceesion of territory; second, the payment ofa sum of money; third, an admission of hav-ing acted wrongfully, made by the EnglishGovernment—in other words,’ au apology;fouitfa, a fresh declaration of principles toprevent tho recurrence of a similarquestion in tho future. The first Prof.Bluntschli discards as impracticable.The second, be says, is impossible. Tho truesolution or tho question appears to him toconsist in a combination of the second andfourth methods. The second alone be ob-jects toas beneath tho dignity of States. Thefourth alone be objects to ae too cheap amethod of atonement for past injury; but acombination of tho two would constituteasatisfaction for past injury and a guaranteeof security for the future. “If, then," saysthoProfecsor, “the two contending powerswould make, with or without the as-sistance of a tribunal of arbitration, an ar-rangement by which, firstly, they would rec-ognize in express bat in conciliatory languagetho obligation incumbent on every neutraland friendly State toprevent abuse of its ter-ritory for warlike operations on another State:and, secondly, Great Britain, in considerationof its not having sufficiently observed neu-trality,would declare itself ready to pay totho United States and into tho hands ofinjured ownersof propertya sufficient indem-nity,—such an arrangement would not onlyconstitute a happy solution of a grave diffi-culty, but woulu contribute moat usefully tothe settlement and progress of internationallaw, as well as the development of maritimecommercial relations.” Tnosum total, then,of the article is this—that ourrecognition oftho Southern States as belligerents, and ourdeclaration of neutrality wore not contrary tointernational law; but that by allowing theAlabama to depart wecommitted a fault forwhich woowe satisfaction—not to injured in-dividuals, but to tho Government of theUnited States; that tbo satisfaction shouldtake the shape of the payment of a sum ofmoney (to bo divided among the injured indi* ,viduala by their government),coupled witr.the declaration of the principle* l® ho ooaSTT'jdfor the fntuio. 1

BEtUN.

Great Activity in Becraitmg.

The Very Old and Very TotingSent to the Front.

Defective System ofTransporting theWounded.

European Politics*

Christinas Festivities and the War.

(FBOX OCB SPECIAL OOBUSFOWPKNT. ]Bsnuif, Dec. S3.We hardly know what to think any moreof

the situation at Faria. The press peoplehave long since given up their talk about itsimmediate surrender; and the discussion isnow altogether about the bombarding of it,on which everybody has his theory. The peo-ple had generally believed heretofore that thedelay was on account of the clemency of thePrussians, or out of deference to the Czar ofRussia, or to England, who have several timesprotested against it. It appears nowthat thePrussian guns cannot roach tha city, or, atleast, not many of them. According to othersthere have not been collected enough guns,or enough amunition. But whatever causemaybe assigned, it is not claimed that it isbecause the capitulation is soon expected onaccount of hunger. And whatever may be thecause assigned, everybody believes that itwill bo removed within a week, so that thacommencement of the bombardment is nearat hand. In the meantime, both in Prussiaand the other States, troopa are being puahedforward to the front, and new calls are madefor volunteers. The fourth class of reserves!or those who had heretofore always beenthought exempt from service, have been calledon—mostly, however, to serve in the fortifi-cations. A call has been made, also, in.eludes men under 13, which Las heretoforenot been known. Most of the soldiersthatwe see now in the streets, or naesing In thecan, are noticeable either for their age or fortheir youth. Nor are the examining officersany more so exacting as they used to be.At the beginning of the war it was quite adifficulty to get into the army at all, not onlyperfect health ont a considerable degree ofetrength being required. There is now alsogreaterstringency withregard to furloughs.These are at no time allowed for such trivialcauses as were common in our war, but onlyfor sickness or other disability. Now, how-ever, it must be a pretty severe infliction thatwill relieve one from his post. The hospitalsare notas full as formerly; but we bave, onthe etherhand, many distresstngeasesof menrequired to servo while yet convalescent.Among the deaths recorded the past week inthe Berlin papers is one ofa soldier who hadbeen much reduced by fever, and, while hecould scarcely yet stand, was required to dopicket duty, and onemorning was found deadat bis post.

Concerning the cars which are here used fortransporting theseverely wounded, there is astrong conviction of a needed reform; andthe American cars are recommended as a pat-tern forPrussia to go by. We mentioned, wethink, in a preceding letter, the adoption byPrussia of the American plan of field hospit-als and several other sanitary arrangements.The transportcars which have till now beenneed for the wounded hero have been nothingbut common burden cars, the floors being cov-ered withstraw. In Saxony, the Americanspring conveyances were adopted some timeago, and are nowin use among the Saxons.Wnrtemtorg has similar ones. In 1867, KingWilliam assembled in Berlin a learned com-mission of the highest militaryand surgicalofficers, professors, preachers, physicians,Ac., to consider the reorgonization of thamilitary and sanitary system, and to collectthe war experience of’Gland'66. The ques-tion of transportation for the severely wound-ed occupied a large share of their attention,and, having thoroughly sifted the matter, they iconcluded that the American means of trans- iportationwas to be recommended, aud severalrailroad companies—the Hanover and the 1Stettin—introduced, soon after, some of their !cars. The Geneva Convention again confirmed •this decision. And yet, till the beginning jof the war, there had been iso little done In ibis direction, ithat the Prussians have found themselves lgreatly inconvenienced. They have now one jor two “sanitary trains," as they call them,which are under the care of ProfessorVirchow, perchapa the first scientific medical (nan of Germany. On theso trains there are, ibesides the beds, also au eating room, ikitchen, apothecary shop, small medicallibrary: in short, everything that either the 1patients or the surgeons coaid desire. Ex- 1tensive reports are published from time totime of tbo working of this system, and hopesare entertained of great Improvements in ithis direction for the future. <

The war does not seem to have interfered 1greatly with tbe universities of Germany, ex-cept those sn tbeborder, as Bonn and Heidel-berg, which have been almost deserted. In(be Berlin University, according to the reportjust made. 11,155students have been matricu-lated for tbo winter term, 132 more than lastterm. Besides these, there are 889 admittedto tbe lectures by reason of their connectionwith tbe several institutions (medical, archi-tectural, military, Ac.,) connected in someway with the university, making 3,044 in all.lu tbe army there are 279 students from thi*university.

Tho Luxembourg exitement has sub-sided since the fall text of Bismark’s let-bas been published. Had this been publish-ed sooner, instead of distorted summaries ofits contents being given, there wonld nothave been so much ado about it. Bismirkevidently meant to feol the stato of publicopinion in Luxembourg, Denmark, and Eng-land ; and now that he has raised a breezehe pours oil on tbe ;waters. with theassurance (implied) that the neattality andindependence of Luxembourg will not beviolated.

In regard to tho conflict between the Porteand Roumaniaconcerning the striking of theRoumanian coins, tho following seems tobe the case in plain terms: The Hoosoof Deputise in Roumania passed a law,under the Ministry of Bratiano, thatthe Romanians should stamp their ownmoney, which they accordingly proceeded todo. The Turkish Government made no op-position to this, but only to the stamping oftho profile of tho Prince of Ronmania on thocoin, as a sign of sovereignty. This lead totbe conference and negotiations, of which wehave beard so much lately. It appears thattbe Romanians have succeededin their claims;and the last reports are, that not being con-tent with the coining of the coins, they arelaboring to separate themselves entirely fromTurkey. In this, they have the sympathy,notonly of the Greek Christians inTurkoy, but of the Scavoniacs generally,Bohemians. Poles, Ac., in other countries.

Tho people are now in the midst of theirChristmas festivities here. For the last fewdays every family has boon engaged in dress-ing up a Christmas tree, and in baking, roast-ing, and otherwise preparing for tbeir annualfestival. In passing through the streets, lastevening, one could seo the Christmas treesthrough many of tho windows, and, but fortho severe cold which bad frosted all the win-dows, the whole would have presented the ap-pearance of a grand illumination. To-day thechurches are all crowded to overflowing,j*aathey were last evening, when the celebrationfirst commenced. This evening will be thetime for the theatres,some of which are dressedup in tho moat brilliant Christmas colors. Ason all festive days, and on Sundays, the peo-ple, whether they go to church in tbe morn-ing or not, go to the theatres in the evening,though on tbe festive days nearly everybodygoes to cbnrch who ever goes at all. At thistime nobody travels from home. Thosemembers of the family that are absent re-turn. Accordingly, there are vacations in alltbe universities, schools, and wherever theyouths are assembled. Libraries, museums,and most public places are closed, to givetheir an opportunity to enjoy theheliday, and because the people do notgon-erally think to visit them at this time. In alltke celebrations thisyear, however, there is thosad remembrance of tbe soldiers in tbe fleld.Nosubject has been more frequently adverted tothan this. Not only in those families wheresome are missing, bat in all, “ the poor sol-diers” are much talked about. The state ofdistress in which tho country has been placedhas had a dampening effect on thisjubilee. Tho amount of Christmas goods thatLave been sold, as tbe returns of the Cnriat-mas fairs show, has been greatly lees thanotheryeara. Perhaps no other circumstancemore than such an occasion as this could sowell mark the effect of the war on the spiritsof the people.

Chicago and Baltimore.From the Baltimore Bulletin, Jan. 12.

The restless “ enterprise” of Chicago baabeen bo much harped upon that mention of Itis become wearisome to the general ear. Batthere la an instance of it ao very much inpointat this janctoro that wo feel constrained todetail it. It willbo found to have a peculiarapplication personal to Baltimore. About ayear before the Pacific Railroad was complet-ed. aparty of Chicagoneso went over to Cali-fornia to spy the land. They beheld withcalm surprise the simple inhabitants handlingtheir vast wheat crop m bags at a cootof 25 cents per ton for every timeit waa moved. The Chicagoneso liftone ot their number to erect anelevator at a cost of SIBO,OOO, and did nobappear to think that they had done anythingnotoble. They erectedit at a point fiuct jmiles from San Francisco, and where a. rafroad, running through the heart of ar* C hwheat country, waa to meet tide-water. f

San Franciscans curled their noses, •and. theheavy commercial paperspokedghaa'dy l fun mtheir Baltimore American way, at tta* o e w en-terprise. We remark from a late ts changethat 45.000 tons of wheat—equal tc> f rcctselyone-half the annual wheat trade of 7 , a itimoro—loaded at tbatelevatorduring the• paat year.The heavy commercial papers call r ,olemn at-tention to this fact, and point ouJ the impor-tance of erecting the new-fangk/ jthiog in SanFrancisco.

In leas than two years, they nil lino be-tween Chicago and Baltinxr j will be com-pleted. Wo yesterday—i-J dfied by the au-thority of the President 0f the Com Ex-change dwelt npon thft’iackof grain ware-honses in this city. By \he precedent aboverelated, it is nearly th*' Q to look out for thecoming Chicagonese. *jf ho finds that he islikely to send his graiy t this way, ho will speed-ily come to have a. \ook at its outlet. Ifhoshall discern a Jc iont profit in the opera-tion, ho willnot >.eaitato to run up a ware-house or two, V secure the profit on thestorage of bis a* lVn grain. As an intelligentspeculator, he# willput the warehouses wherea good tract, 0 f land can bo firot bought:for their f7' l- sence will enhance the value orthe resl fc>’it will never enter the brain 0fthe Chief .goncae to invest the money for theof other people’s property.>ow. does it appear quite worth while toe

.

mo .ate the example oi the simple SariFran-ciiKjaD, and let the wind be taaen out of Baltt--7 .ore’s sails in this way ? If the ChicagoBoard of Trade were satisfied that it would

( ship a trifleof 5,000,000 or 6,000,000 bushelsof its wheat to Baltimore, and at all realizedI the primitive method of transacting tbsbusiness here—using thecars forstore-boosed,

* delegation from (bat board would be barea week—would patch «p a contract

the railroad whereby ibey should' a fair chance to commandbusinessi. warehouse under contract,no frohome again as if nothing had happen-

intimate that they are likelylikeiv i

°* They are merely,cd »ee their way

,

y • indeed, before they ship manyK 'S**."h«t "> » tebor wilheigtteeo reel of water m it. and whom imrn

no6f£»”hUTthL0 iigliten carB°ca- We haveno idea tnat the moat enterprising Chicago-

-0680 wcmld offer to deepen th„erlj tod create a create a gcn?fao“eSoM

Aeide from all this Chicieo ulk tSi™,it ie clearly lamentable that thetropoiie caonot offer adequate accoamodaSSfor the Maryland farmer's depressed business.

COXHISSIOHZB PAEKER.Hla Letter tm the Secretary oi the

lateriere-ABkwer (• theCharge* orFrond Broaght Against Him«.Hew a General India* War wasPrevented*

Washington (Jar. IS) Despatch to the New YorkTimes.

The following important letter to tbs Secre-tary of the Interior, from Commissioner Par-ker, is regard to the charges of fraud in tboporebaas and transportation of goods for tboIndian service last summer, will be forwardedto-day:

Dsraanmrr ofrun Iktibiob, omci)or Indus affairs, Jan. li, isti. /* Sir: Doting my necessary absence in the In-dian Territory, wolt&er I bad gone, underjouror-ders, to attend tbe General Council or tbe Indiantribes of that Territory,a letter addressed toyouby Don. Wm. Welch, of Philadelphia, was pub-lished in many of the dally prints, allegingfrauds In the purchase and transportation ofgoodsfor the Indian service daring me past i ear.I didnot see thisletter until my return to theStates, near the close of December. Ia'so subsequently learned that the Appropria-tionCommittee of the House of Representativesbad been ordered to investigatetbe same. I deem-it,Uurefore, my duty, tn Justice to myself- tobileflyreply tosome of the allegations in saidletter, and respectfully torequest that the replybe filed In yourjdepartment. Tbe allegations offraud relate principally to contracts entered intofor beef and flour, and the transportation of In-diangoods topoints on the Missouri River, prin-cipallyfor the Sioux ofDakota. The charges arevery general and cannot, therefore, be answeredas specifically as mightbe desired. To a properhnd fair understanding of the action of this offle®.inentering intocontractsfor beef and flour, it isnecessary to explain that an arrangement existed«-im the commissary branch of me army to feedIndians, the bloui ofDakota not included, untilfnr nnt H70

',,. lhe tam® t0 b« paid!ofisc°°ot gooo,™. “toeiiable themaintain tbe peace among and with the virionstribes, bands aodparties of Indians, bring them,where practicable, upon reservations, rel£?e thSrneceaames, and encourage tneir ehorta aVSsnpport.’ The Sioux ofDakota, the SouthernCheyennes, and Arapahoea, and tae Kiowas, andComuncbes, whom the Peace Commission of 1567had located about agencies they bad established,received most of the benefit of this arrangetnonr’AU familiar with Indian affairs wm admit thatthese tribes of Indiana are among me wildestandmost warlike of tbe remaining Indiana of theUnited States. The Inducement held oat to themto cease their warfare against the citizens oftbe United States and settle upon res-ervations, was that they should beclothed and fed, and ultimatelytaught the usefuloils pertaining to civilized life. A large portionof these' Indians had been thus located and fedand clothedfor more than eighteenmonths previ-ous toJuly 1,1870, and during thattlme a compar-ative peace hadbeen maintainedalong the west-ern frontier. It was known and admitted by allwho had dealings with them that it was only tbefood and clothing that kept them about the agen-cies : andit was tbe unceasingapprehension of allthat tbe moment their suppliesceased, they wouldabandon theiragencies and at once resume theirnomadic habits, taking from citizens whateverthey might fancy, and inaugurating a war,if deemed to their advantage. In the month ofJune last but little prospect existed of passingthe Indian Appropriation bill before theIst of July, at which time the arrangementwith the Commissary Department was to ter-minate. In May and June, 1370, Red Cloud,Spotted Tail, and other Sioux visited Washington,tosecure better understanding withthe authori-ties of the United States respecting their future.They were assured that if thev stayed upon theirreservations and remained at'peace they wouldbe fed and clothed. The Indians then complainedthat they hadnot been either well fed or amil-ciently clothed. Nopositive promise upon anymatter presentedby themwas made on behalf ofthe Indian Office, as everything depended nponthe action of congress on the Indian Ap-propriation bill, then pending in thatoody. The fact was patent to theIndian Office, and all familiar with ou: rela-tions to theIndiana above named, that, unlesssomething was done to continue their subsistence.liter the Ist of July, that they would veryscon thereafter abanaon the agencies aroundwhich they had located, return to the plains, andagain commence their predatory habits. The In-dianagents thenin Washington stated positivelythat in case of failure tocontinue the supplies theIndians wouldcommence depredating and per-haps Inaugurate a general Indian war. such aresult was not to be desired. The large expendi-tures of moneyand labor which had resulted Inprcduc‘Dg a comparative peaceand safety alongmoat of the Indian frontier was cot to be reckless-ly thrownaway. The Indian Office felt mat thecountry demanded that peace should coatinuj toexlsr, and that the horrors attendant upon an In-dian war should be averted. Tnere was but onesentiment resnectingIndian affair?, and that wasthecontinuance ofpeace. Toobtain subsistencefor the Sioux alone, required time. Theirtreaty, stipa’aied certain supplies for them,and they demanded It In person aswell as through their agents. Thetreaties with the Southern Cheyennes and Araoa-bces and the Klowas and Comaoches embrace dostipulation of subsistence for them, and js a seri-ous oversight, as withoutIt peace caunoc long bemaintained. Up to January is, 1570, no ludlanappropriations had passed, and deemingU of theutmost importance mat Immediate steps shouldbe taken tokeep up the Indian supplle?, T lookedabout to find some responsible party who couldfurnish me necessary supplies within a limitedtime, and take the iisks of appropriations beingmade to pay for me same.

Among me many persons who were eitherrecommended by friends or applied mperson todo me requiredwerk I selected Mr.Hosier. I hadnoparticular personalknowledge of him, but hewas represented to me as haring, at differ-ent times supplied the army posts on the Mis-souri; bad also had some dealings withthe PeaceCommission, In the matter of furnish-ing supplies for mem during their negotiationswith tne Indians, and was generally familiar withevery difficultyto be overcome In contracting onme Missouri Hirer. Tae mannerIn which he exe-cuted his contract fully Justifies me confidencethe office placed lahim. An abundance of goodprovisions was soon supplied. The Indians aidnot abandon the agencies, and an apprehendedexpensive Indian war was arrested, Hu*. it Is al-leged mat the prices for beef and flour were toohigh. To this I can only say that with the In •formation the office then possessed, they did notseem extravagant. Preceding July l, ISC9. Gen-eralHarney, acting underthesanction of the PeaceCommission, paid forbeef 7 90-100 cents per pound,gross weight, lor feeding these same Indians, Thesame Commission paid G cents at Fort Laramie.I was-also credibly informed mat the£CommU-sary Department were paying5 cents for beef atFort Randall; 5 90-100 at Fort Rice, and had attimes paid as high as 7 cents per pound at thelatterplace. Fire cents had been paid for mobeef in Sioux City,and in ISC9 the CommissaryDepartment, under its arrangement with the In-dian Office, was getting beef for 4H-100 cents.In l?6. the Peace commission paid for flour {5per ico pounds; m ISCS Indian CommissionerTaylorpaid $6.50 per 100pound?, deliveredat thePonca and Yankton Agencies; $oat Crow Creek;sll at Fort Sullly, near which the CheyenneAgency la now located, and $12,50 atFort Rice, near which la the GrandRiver Agency. Superintendent S. M. Matmeyhas paid during the past summer,for use at the Santee Agency, $3.3.1 per 5100pounds. General Harney, while in charge ofthese Indians, bad paid cents for flour deliv-ered InSioux City, and 11 cents delivered at theWhetstone Agency. I was also Informed that theCommissary Department waspaying for Us flour,during the past summer, $3 35per 100 pounds, orthereabout. No arrangement beyond July 1,1570,could be made with me Commissary Departmentforfecdlsgthe Indians. They would make noagreement until assured by an appropriation byCongress in bulk, which the result snows did notoccur. Hence it was evident thatthere was an emergency, demandingnot only immediate action, but actionwhich would not properly be subjectto the rule ofonlinary purchasesor contracts, be-cause the time within which a large amount ofbeef and flourmost be delivered, atpoints remotefrom the depotsof supply was very short, lessthan a month, and a large amount of capital,somefsoo.oco must be rlssed upon the contingencyof afuture appropriation,an investment whica wouldnotbemadeatanyrateby a majority of thosegoverned by the regularrules of trade, and whileother contracts andpurchases la me same localityare presentedas giving a scale cf prices, and thispurchase Is submitted without hesitation to theirtest, It should be borne la mind thatthey were made in the mala when therewere funds in the bands of the partiescontracting on application for theirpayment. Such being my general information ;and impression at the time in arranging termswith Mr. Hosier, 1 feelconfident that the bargainwas not abad one. As before, stated, hepromptlyexecuted bis work. No fault, has ever been foundby me Indians with the qoalityof the supplies hefurnished, or that the quao.tity was deficient, ex-cept In me weight at tha Cheyenue Agency, re-ferred to insaid letters. The papers show matat thistime the agency p.cales were out of repair;that every precaution. r,-as thentaken In me man-ner practised! io im& frontier posts to get at acorrect average weight of the cattle, and expertswere called in from Fort Sally to assist In thematter. Thera was /jo suspicion of fraud in themannerofarriving at the weight, and mecon-tractor bad aright, to expect pay for me weightsmas agreed-on.

Reapcctlagtnetransportation, to which referencela also made as Jjeing bleb, and, therefore, con-clusive of fran*, i reply that nearlyall tbe Indianfreight, conHfciU'og of annuity goods and someother supplies, 7.cached Sioux city la October, atatime when navigation on the Upper Missouri hadnearly ceased-on account of low water and thenear approach of cold weather, and I madethevery test ten ja I couldwith the most responsibleparty numhi gboats on the upper riverto insurethe certain delivery of the Indian freight. Theptlctapain, tu my judsmeut, were reasonable,and.Kill compare favorably with what has beenpa-illn f-v.mer years, and that paid by tbe armyfor the f» u mouths of the present year. It mustbo boruf ininind that the season was late; allhaman freight was bound tobe -aken up to theirivrpcn'dvc destinations or endless trouble wouldbe ihr. result of failure, and water transportationwas cheaper than by laud, though both werehips

.ly spectlog the allegation made that CaptainPf* le, then agent at the Whetstone Agency re-IWied toreceive the cattlebecause he had an

lUDdant supply on hand, and yet ordered* -y theCommissioner of Indian Affairs to receive‘the cattle, I reply that no one was™°„rre

than Captain Poole, while m Uashlngtoa withSpottedTall and his party, thatthereshomdtenoInterregnumof supplies at this. EC 7‘ f £?*

Snuv Jefffitsagency. Uponreturning,he repeatedWa leouest by telegrapafrom Sioux City, sayingthat ne should be out of aubahtence for hlapeopleon or about tho Ist of July. On the samedav ne was notified that the department hadmade definite arrangements to supply his as wellns theother agencies on the Missouri River. Yeta few days after he telegraphs that he bad anabundance of cattle, which, it seems he had re-ceived from the commissary contractor, but ofwhich this office had uo notice or Information,and when, therefore, those contracted for by theoffice reached there, he declined to receive them,havingalready acted upon the Information ofcaptain Poole and other agents. Contracted asstated, the office conld not legally recede, andtherefore ordered him to receive the cattle, andsent letters to other agents to dothesame. TheInformation upon which the office acted wa?, inallcases, positive thatsupplleswere gettingshort,

wiry Tire Indianboard was not consulted.Respectitg tbe allegation that the Board ofIndian Commissioners were not consulted la thepurchases made of beet apd flour, I hare only toaa; that the act authorizing such consulta-tionand inspection passed on tbe 15th of July,IS7O, while the contract complained of was ma leJune 17, IS7O, nearly one month preceding thepassage of the act. Respecting the enormousprofits made by thecontractors. I can say that lShow nothingabout It. They wfll probably becalled bv the committee of theDouse chargedwith the. investigation of this matter, and to re-veal the price paid by item to execute theircontracts and tne profits they made.

Iu conclusion. I desire toexpress a convictionwwch hMforcM Itself noon mv ralnd, that thru#sra nitons charges upon the Indian Office arebuta determinationto carry out certain theoriesnutforthbyMr. Welsh la IS®. ItwiU be recol-fiSedSat in April, 13C9,President Orautappolnt-id Mr. Welsh as one of the Indian Commissionersauthorised tobe apaolnted under the act of Con-gress of April 10,18C9. He then claimed mat theISendltnre ofall Indian approprlationa wasalso

tobe placed in thehands of said commis-slon. To this proposition Hon. J. D. Cox, thenSecretary of the Interior, and mjseir, di£-eenfrd, and in this wo were sustained

Iby the President. He (bed resignedI irons i&e ccnmißoo, and has smcoj laborMaa a voluntary a*™*, It seems,kwotogaj wmtcbftn eye apon the transactions of the ladianI Office, wftt» view to detectingIrregularities a»i

exposing Qem. cno thereby taking irom It ti<management of the Indian funds. Tao deter--minatioo of thePresident to call in the religionselement of the country to aid in the manage-ment of Indian affairs,'ana the Episcopal S-vcity, of which Hr. Welaa is a prominentmember, having Cad assigned to them mostof the Dakota District as them specialfield of labor, has opened the most plausiblepretextto renew the attanpt of 356?, at less: bofar as that Society has 1 acquirer! janadjrrtamtaDakota, notwithstanding the Indian Office hismaintained the peace and kept the Indians cuts,parafirely quiet there an<t elsewhere. 2 wninot assert that be and his associates; ornyother religions organization, are notaa compos-tent to manageand disburse Indian fundsas ttuy-Indian Bureau; but there beingat present nolaw avthonxlng such a course,- thebureau Isbound to repel! all such attempts. Since theaccession of President Grant to the office ofChief Executive of the nation, the IndianBureau has been conducted loielr andwholly with a view to the maintenanceor peace and the avoidance of expensive-uid horrible Indian ware, the amelioration oftheir cocdtaon,and theiradvancement iocmiiza-t.9o. r also think it proper toremark tha;, during«epan and precedingyear, the comanrcaaonsai^? 1 Wel»hrelativetoIndian affaire have nosalways been coached in those terms which might

from one not authorized to dictate or* Probaeflity teat M,IndliS. IO pro™*" Hie welfareof tieiScSSM?.w,? IM lar<!' ea faraa me same wereGS SSi.Kf H°‘ ‘ecompatlWe wim ejutlagoDedleoflenS' 11nth-*err Jes?

S™ 1 j;!'T9 P'eaeK. Cemmlsatoner.Inwrlorf* ls Ue!“°. Secretary of too

ILLINOIS.Treasurer Bates’ Rrpvrt.

From tlie Spricgfleid Journal, J**. 14,The report of* the State TreasurerhVa b«enprinted, and is an exceedingly brief and bodi-ness-like document.In bis opening paragraph, General Biles1 shows the present condition of oar State in-debtedness. Prom itwe glean that on De-cember 1, 1569, the balance in the *uteTreasury was 31,762,974.70 ; amount receivedfrom other sonrces, $5,635,774.91 • iotilamonnt received, 37.393.749 61 ; total die-bursements, 32,895,779.03. We farther loam

that daring the year tho fnndo-i debt busbeen diminished 3229,053.34. leaving the en-tire debt of the State. 31,890,937.30.Of this amount, 315.136 has been called

inby proclamation of tho Governor,, and notyet presented for pa mont. Of the remain-der, 32,593.304.17 will have matured ou thofirst Monday of Jauuary, 1871. The IllinoisA Michigan Canal sterling bonds, amonntmirto 31,072,488,87, matured in July last. Thes»bonds, by their terms, are payable m London,in poundsjaterlmg.

The Treasurer states that, having no an-Inonty of law to purchase coin for payment°Jf Principal, he could only offer to-the holders of the above bonds, currencym payment. This was, in all cases re-fused, the holders of the bonds preferring*

•w*iLthe Jprio®, °* thf> present GeneralAssembly, rather than accept anything batwhat was provided for in the original contract.General Jades recommends the Legislatureto provide for their redemption in coin atas early a dayas practicable.” There is hard-lya doubt but that his recommendation willbe acted npon as soonas it is possible to doso. The people of the Slate of Illinois alwayshave paid, and always propose to pay to thelast cent, all their public indebtedness; anda bill properlyframed looking toward the ful-filment of the above contract willno doubt boquickly framed.** The remaining bonds, which mature m Jan-uary. isn,amounting to $i,9;0,5i5.C6, are la tieusual form, toe State agreeing tnereln topaydollars. When they were Issued, com was toemedium of exchange and omy legal tender.£J nc® passage of toe legal-tender act. in 1362.the interest upon these bonds has been paid incurrency. The holders of the bonds claim that!1 by the recent decision of the United States so!

premeCoort, relating to the legal-tender act theyare entitled to receive cola In payment of oriaci-pal and Interest. Their payment incoin, at pres-ent price of gold, would requirean expenditureof$212,000 forpremium on gold, which, added to$117,913.77, the premium of gold required to re-deem the sterlingbonds, gives $329,9*3 77 OS toaincreased erst of paying incoin the bonds whichmature in January next.”

In order to meet this maturing indebted-ness there is now in tho Treasury, set apartfor tne express purpose, the State debt fund,and the Illinois Central Railroad fondamounting to 32,582,104.92. It U also ex-pected that by tho Ist of January, 1871, thebalance of unpaid county taxes, together withthe incoming Illinois Contra! tax, will in-crease tho above amount about $440,000.It is supposed that the tolls and receipts ofthecanal, now In the hands of Trustees, willbo sufficient to cancel tho registeredcanal bonds, “which, with the pre-mium in gold for their redemption, willamounts to about 3311,896—50 that, by tba

first of January next, tho money, togetherwith that in the hands of Canal Trustees, willbe sufficient to pay in cola all the debt whichhave matured.”

The remainder of the debt, the Treaaartreaye:“Amounts to less than t2,000,c00, and matures89 follows, toWit; 160,000alter 137d, *1,253.696,33alter iS7T, and tlio balance, $553,300. alter utolFor the payment of the indebtedness, as ittures, tne two-mill tax to be collected winamount to 1i.c00.000, Tbe mmols Central Kali-toadfund lor 13U and 1372 willamount tonearlrti.coo.oco more. Tnere will, therefor*, be sum-dentmoney In the Treasury In 1373, without aavfurther taxation, to pay, in coin, me entire land-ed debt.”Near the clcso of this report, the Treas-urer again strongly recommends tbs passageof an act by the present General Assemblyauthorizing him topurchaso coin for the pay-ment of principal and interest of such portisaof tne funded debt AQ on aaS AfterJanuary 1,1871, including tho sterling bonds

which matured in July, 1870.Tho above contains tho ‘substance of Gen-

eral Bates’ report. It will be read with in-terest by the people of our Stato. inasmuch asitreveals the exact financial condition of oarcommonwealth ; and by public menand cap-italists elsewhere, who desire to know how wostand in money matters, and to learn howwell and wisely ourfinances are handled.

THe Sionx City Hold Excitement.From the Slcux City (Iowa) Times, Jan. 3.Yesterday afternoon, tho parties who claim-

ed to have discovered zold on tbe precedingday, went oat to Prospect Hill and com-menced prospecting. Jack Bapelje, M. C.Conners and Witcher wore the most prominentand successful prospectors. By means of apick and shovel, & hole was made in the bankand the reddish clay tnmbled into a pan. Theriver was in a most desirable condition forwashing purposes, flakes of water lying overtho ice, while the ico beneath afTordoa safefooting. Pan after pan of dirt was washed,and the color showed in every pan. Bipaljeand Witcher, each in turn, found dost in limitedquantities, and in one pan M. C. Connors founda nugget worth thirtyceata. As soonas thenows of their operations spread aroundtown, other menpoured in un:il at least 400men were on tbo ground. Many broughtworking utensils, picks, pans, Ac., and thescene was a lively and interesting one. Apicture of mining life was presented—nick-ing, washing, sifting, calculating. Allagreedthat tho gold was thoio, and thbir only doubtwas whether it could be found in payingquantities. As many as came to the conclu-sion that tho work would pay, quietly stakedtheir claims and mingled with the crowd.Others walked off under the impression thatthe claims would not pay to work them.Several men, whose mining experience would,give them a right to judge, decided that tboground, if properly worked, would pay lib-erally. Resting under that impression, sev-eral old miners proceeded to the Northwest-ern Hotel for the purpose of organizing ajoint stock mining company.

The meeting was called to orderby J. W-Rapelje taking tbo chair; G. P. Bolden actedas Secretary. Tho chairman explained theobject of tho meeting in a few words. M. C.Conners proposed that tho company claim 600feet from tbo staking point ai far hookas thelead might run, and that a company be organ-ized on the joint stock plan, with 19,000shares of c 5 each. Mr. A. Forbes amendedthe resolution by making the capital alack$25,000. The amendment was agreed to.Mr. Conners said that himself, Bapelje, aadCaL Whinery being tbo original discoreren oftho lead, might claim 2CO feet front each;that this claim of COO feet should he tho prop-erty of the company. On motion, it was de-termined that new parties coming on theground staking claims should be representedby actual labor every three days, or theirclaims would be jumped or open to otherclaimants.

Mr. Forbes was elected Treasurer of tbs.company by acclamation, and 31. C. ConnersSuperintendent of the work. Cal.Whinery wad.appointed to post notices and stake tbsground. On motion, the meeting adjournedto meet at the same place at H o'clock Mondayevening.

Trouble may be expected between tbs dis-coverers and cow comers. Already severalclaims have been staked off from the groundclaimedby tho company, and others pouringin will seize what to them eoem the beatclaims. Along the lower end of the city con-siderable excitement prevailed during tb<* af-ternoon, and a living stream of men pouredto and from what are now known*as the“Sioux City Gold Minos.”

From the Sioux pity Journal.What is now being found, and what ia

nothing more than pyrites of uon. Dr.Schnaoss discovered more than twoyears ago,the first day he was in Sioux City, When bofirst heard of tbe gold excitement, he wascon-fident that itoriginated In mistake or hum-bug, and he is now sore that itcame of mis-take in part and humbug in part. Of a num-ber of specimens taken to him to test, habrought us one last evening an solution* Safarbe baa found nothing but pyrites of ironand brass, the brass, of course, having beendeposited there by speculators.

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