Le BAT per il trattamento delle emissioni in atmosfera ... · Le BAT per il trattamento delle...
Transcript of Le BAT per il trattamento delle emissioni in atmosfera ... · Le BAT per il trattamento delle...
Le BAT per il trattamento delle emissioni in atmosfera negli impianti di termovalorizzazione dei RSU
L’esperienza di Brescia
Torino, 30 Ottobre 2008
This information was prepared by A2A and it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without A2A’s prior written consent. 2
IL TERMOUTILIZZATORE DI BRESCIA
This information was prepared by A2A and it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without A2A’s prior written consent. 3
GRUPPO A2A
Produzione
W.T.E.
Trasporto
Distribuzione
Trading
Vendita
Illuminazione pubblica
Importazione
Trasmissione
Distribuzione
Vendita
Captazione
Distribuzione
fognature
depurazione
Raccolta
Pulizia strade
Smaltimento
EnergiaElettrica Gas Acqua Nettezza
Urbana
Produzione
Distribuzione
Vendita
Calore
This information was prepared by A2A and it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without A2A’s prior written consent. 4
11.7.91 Istituzione Commissione tecnico-scientifica
28.7.92 Approvazione del Consiglio Comunale
2.8.93 Approvazione Regione Lombardia
21.3.98 Prima combustione dei rifiuti
3.8.99 Termine prove e collaudi - Impianto in esercizio industriale
02.2004 Messa in servizio Terza Linea
31.8.2007 Autorizzazione Integrata Ambientale Regione Lombardia
CRONISTORIA SINTETICA DELL’IMPIANTO
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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REQUISITI DEL PROGETTO
1. PROTEZIONE AMBIENTALE
2. EFFICIENZA ENERGETICA NETTA
3. AFFIDABILITA' , SICUREZZA E CONTINUITA' DI SERVIZIO
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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PROTEZIONE AMBIENTALE
1. LOCALI CHIUSI E IN DEPRESSIONE 2. COMBUSTIONE AVANZATA
. regolazione automatica immissione e avanzamento rifiuti
. sistema "esperto" con telecamera ad infrarossi
. griglia a 30 compartimenti con regolazione indipendente
. ricircolo fumi3. SISTEMA DEPURAZIONE A SECCO CON CALCE E
CARBONI ATTIVI
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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PROTEZIONE AMBIENTALE
4. FILTRO A MANICHE A 6 SEZIONI INDIPENDENTI
5. SISTEMA SILI E IMMISSIONE REAGENTI DUPLICATO
6. SISTEMA MONITORAGGIO CONTINUO EMISSIONI RIDONDANTE
7. MINIMO CONSUMO DI ACQUA
8. ASSENZA DI SCARICHI LIQUIDI
9. ELEVATA INSONORIZZAZIONE
This information was prepared by A2A and it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without A2A’s prior written consent. 8
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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sezione del sistema di combustioneTERMOUTILIZZATORE
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griglia ad “azione inversa”
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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sistema esperto con telecamera a raggi infrarossi
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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TERMOUTILIZZATORE
This information was prepared by A2A and it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without A2A’s prior written consent. 13
3rd combustion unit under construction
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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sistema denox SNCR
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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INSTALLAZIONE E SPERIMENTAZIONE DI UN SISTEMASCR “high dust” (non ancora disponibile industrialmente)
OBIETTIVI:
- ulteriore riduzione dei NOx
- contenimento dell’ammonia slip
- riduzione dei consumi di soluzione ammoniacale
- mantere alta l’efficienza energetica dell’impianto
Sistema denox SCR “high dust”
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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PROBLEMI:
- ostruzione del catalizzatore- avvelenamento del catalizzatore
VANTAGGI:
- maggiore efficienza energetica (non necessario il riscaldamento . dei gas e minori perdite di pressione del gas)- semplicità di installazione- minori costi di investimento e di esercizio
SCR “high dust”
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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”Innovative demonstrations for the next generation of biomass and waste combustion plants for energy recovery and renewable electricity production”
• Funded by the European Commission (6th FrameworkResearch Program)
• Project duration:2006-2010 (48 months)• Budget: 29 M€
The ”NextGenBioWaste” Project
This information was prepared by A2A and it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without A2A’s prior written consent. 18
NextGenBioWaste Project(Consortium : 17 partners from 7 countries)
Co-ordinator:SINTEF Energiforskning AS (NO)
Partners:Afval Energie Bedrijf, Amsterdam (NL)ASM BRESCIA SPA (IT) (16% share – 4.5 M€ SCR HD)Gemeinschaftskraftwerk Schweinfurt GmbH (DE)Joint Research Centre of the EC (NL)KEMA (NL)Max-Planck-Institute (DE)N.V. Afvalverwerking Rijnmond (NL)SEGHERS Keppel Technology Group (BE)SINTEF Energiforskning AS (NO)SVUM, a.s., Prague (CZ)TNO (NL)Trondheim Energiverk Fjernvarme AS (NO)Vattenfall AB Business unit Nordic Heat (SE)Vattenfall Europe Waste to Energy GmbH (DE)Vattenfall Power Consultant AB (SE) Vattenfall Utveckling AB (SE)Visser & Smit Hanab (NL)
This information was prepared by A2A and it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without A2A’s prior written consent. 19
TERMOUTILIZZATORE(The waste to energy plant of Brescia)
This information was prepared by A2A and it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without A2A’s prior written consent. 20
Space for scr high dust installation
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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HIGH DUST SCR LAYOUT
MIXER
CATALYST LAYER
(SPACE FOR UP TO 5LAYERS)
FLUEGAS
DAMPERS
NOx NOx
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
This information was prepared by A2A and it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without A2A’s prior written consent. 22NOx – NH3 consumption – ammonia slip
HIGH DUST SCR RESULTSNOx- NH3 emissions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1/1/06 1/5/06 29/8/06 27/12/06 26/4/07 24/8/07 22/12/07 20/4/08 18/8/08
NOx -
NH 3
sta
ck e
mis
sion
s [m
g/Nm
³]
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
NH3 c
onsu
mpt
ion
[l/h]
NOx
NH3slipNH3cons.
74
12
4,4
8
1,3 1,83,7
SCR operation start (1 layer)
Start with2nd layer
217
2,5
70
44
33
53
66
61
67
58
69
179
166
184186
219200
44,9
This information was prepared by A2A and it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without A2A’s prior written consent. 23
HIGH DUST SCR RESULTS
T gas – ∆p SCR
T , ∆p SCR
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
3/7/06 31/10/06 28/2/07 28/6/07 26/10/07 23/2/08 22/6/08
T [°
C]
0,00
0,25
0,50
0,75
1,00
1,25
1,50
1,75
2,00
2,25
2,50
2,75
3,00
∆p
[mba
r]
T SCR [°C]Dp [mbar]
Start with2nd layer
This information was prepared by A2A and it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without A2A’s prior written consent. 24
catalizzatore dopo 5 mesi di esercizio
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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CATALYST AFTER 2 YEARS OF OPERATION
TERMOUTILIZZATORE(The waste to energy plant of Brescia)
Before Cleaning
After Cleaning
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schema impianto trattamento fumi
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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Filtro a maniche
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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This information was prepared by A2A and it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without A2A’s prior written consent. 29
This information was prepared by A2A and it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without A2A’s prior written consent. 30
Emissioni al camino
Dati in mg/Nm3 (tranne TCDD espressi in ng/Nm3)
riferiti a gas secchi, 11% O2
AUTORIZZ. REGIONALE
1993
DATI DI PROGETTO
1994
DIRETTIVA EUROPEA 2000/76/CE (recepita
dall'Italia nel 2005)
DATI REALI DI ESERCIZIO (anno 2005)
Polveri 10 3 10 <0,5Biossido di zolfo (SO2) 150 40 50 10Ossidi di azoto (NOx) 200 100 200 80Acido cloridrico (HCl) 30 20 10 4Acido fluoridrico (HF) 1 1 1 0,1Monossido di carbonio (CO) 100 40 50 15Metalli pesanti 2 0,5 0,5 0,01Cadmio (Cd) 0,1 0,02 0,05 0,002Mercurio (Hg) 0,1 0,02 0,05 0,002Idrocarburi policlici aromatici 0,05 0,01 0,01 <0,0001TCDD Teq ng/Nm3 0,1 0,1 0,1 <0,005
TERMOUTILIZZATORE (Brescia)
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Efficienza energetica
Costituisce un importante fattore di protezione ambientale, sia perché consente il risparmio di risorse energetiche non rinnovabili, sia perché
permette di evitare emissioni dagli impianti alimentati a combustibili fossili
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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affidabilita' e sicurezza di esercizio
1. TECNOLOGIE SPERIMENTATE
2. DUPLICAZIONE E RIDONDANZA SISTEMI CRITICI
3. ELEVATA AUTOMAZIONE E SUPERVISIONE
4. SISTEMA DI CONTROLLO DISTRIBUITO
5. MISURE RIDONDANTI
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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sistema di automazione e controlloTERMOUTILIZZATORE
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sistema di monitoraggio emissioni in continuoTERMOUTILIZZATORE
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sistema di monitoraggio emissioni in continuo
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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Campionatore in continuo microinquinanti
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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Dati di esercizio 2007
Rifiuti trattati(di cui biomasse 289.000 t)
Produzione elettrica netta
Produzione termica netta
Energia primaria risparmiata
Emissioni di CO2 evitate
803.000 t
570.000 Mwh
527.000 Mwh
150.000 TEP
> 400.000 t
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
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TERMOUTILIZZATORE - BRESCIA ENERGIA PRODOTTA 2007
570 milioni di chilowattora elettrici nettiequivalenti a:▪ fabbisogno di 190.000 famiglie▪ 380 km2 di superficie coltivata a biomassa per energia▪ 3,8 km2 di pannelli fotovoltaici
527 milioni di chilowattora termici nettiequivalenti a:▪ fabbisogno di riscaldamento di 50.000 appartamenti
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• Scorie (ceneri di fondo) 131.014 t
di cui al recupero 77.722 t
• Polveri di filtrazione 36.684 t
• Ferro recuperato dalle scorie 6.912 t
TERMOUTILIZZATORE
Residui prodotti nel 2007
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TERMOUTILIZZATORE