LD: LD: Lincoln-Douglas Lincoln-Douglas DebateDebate

History:History:1858 - Illinois senatorial 1858 - Illinois senatorial debates between Abraham debates between Abraham Lincoln & Stephen DouglasLincoln & Stephen Douglas1980 - Became high school 1980 - Became high school competitive eventcompetitive event

Types of propositionsTypes of propositions

LD uses propositions of LD uses propositions of valuevalue: good or bad, right or : good or bad, right or wrong, useful or uselesswrong, useful or useless

Different from CX which Different from CX which uses propositions of uses propositions of policypolicy: : what should be done about what should be done about a problem, what changes a problem, what changes should be madeshould be made

LD Format & time LD Format & time limitslimits 6: AFF constructive6: AFF constructive 3: NEG CX3: NEG CX 7: NEG constructive7: NEG constructive 3: AFF CX3: AFF CX 4: AFF Rebuttal4: AFF Rebuttal 6: NEG Rebuttal6: NEG Rebuttal 3: AFF Rebuttal3: AFF Rebuttal

– Also: 4 minutes of Also: 4 minutes of prep. time allowedprep. time allowed

LD FormatLD Format

AFF speaks more than NEG- AFF AFF speaks more than NEG- AFF has burden of proofhas burden of proof

Times are equal for both AFF & Times are equal for both AFF & NEGNEG

LD Speaker LD Speaker ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

AFF constructive: 6 min. Present AFF AFF constructive: 6 min. Present AFF case including definitionscase including definitions

NEG constructive: 7 min. Present NEG NEG constructive: 7 min. Present NEG case (approx. 5 min.), present case (approx. 5 min.), present arguments that clash w/ AFF arguments that clash w/ AFF positions in 1positions in 1stst speech (approx. 2 min. speech (approx. 2 min. to attack AFF); will not be able to to attack AFF); will not be able to introduce new arguments in rebuttal introduce new arguments in rebuttal (only new evidence, reasoning, or (only new evidence, reasoning, or responses to arguments already responses to arguments already stated), so set up arguments nowstated), so set up arguments now

For each case- have at least one quote per For each case- have at least one quote per argument; use philosophers for supportargument; use philosophers for support

LD Speaker LD Speaker ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities 11stst AFF Rebuttal: 4 min. Respond to NEG AFF Rebuttal: 4 min. Respond to NEG

case, reestablish AFF issues by comparing case, reestablish AFF issues by comparing them to NEG’s issues, proving AFF to be them to NEG’s issues, proving AFF to be better positionbetter position

NEG Rebuttal: 6 min. Challenge NEG Rebuttal: 6 min. Challenge comparisons established by AFF, extend comparisons established by AFF, extend arguments denying AFF’s case w/ evidence arguments denying AFF’s case w/ evidence & reasoning, reinforce NEG positions, & reasoning, reinforce NEG positions, summarize debate to NEG’s advantagesummarize debate to NEG’s advantage

22ndnd AFF Rebuttal: 3 min. Reestablish AFF Rebuttal: 3 min. Reestablish comparisons of value, proving AFF position comparisons of value, proving AFF position to be strongest, summarize debate to to be strongest, summarize debate to AFF’s advantageAFF’s advantage

ALL: Include voting issues- why you should win!ALL: Include voting issues- why you should win!

Case ConstructionCase Construction

Topic analysisTopic analysis Case needs to include:Case needs to include:

– Intro.Intro.– Statement of resolutionStatement of resolution– Definition of termsDefinition of terms– Value to be defendedValue to be defended– Criteria for evaluating debateCriteria for evaluating debate– Outline of issues to be debated w/ Outline of issues to be debated w/

evidence & reasoning to support issuesevidence & reasoning to support issues– Justification of issues or values as key Justification of issues or values as key

elementselements

LD ValuesLD Values

Values- something so prized by Values- something so prized by society it becomes a goal in life society it becomes a goal in life (liberty, security, safety, equality, (liberty, security, safety, equality, justice, progress, etc.)justice, progress, etc.)

Types:Types:– Moral- ethical meansMoral- ethical means– Political- constitutional principles, powerPolitical- constitutional principles, power– Utilitarian- efficiency of means; usefulness Utilitarian- efficiency of means; usefulness

or effectiveness of behavioror effectiveness of behavior

Maslow’s Hierarchy Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needsof Needs

Physical- survival (food, Physical- survival (food, water, shelter)water, shelter)

Security- protection Security- protection from threatsfrom threats

Belonging- loveBelonging- love Self-esteem- status, Self-esteem- status,

respectrespect Self-actualization- Self-actualization-

fulfillment, being all we fulfillment, being all we can be!can be!

LD CriteriaLD Criteria

Needs to relate Needs to relate to value!to value!

How to judge if How to judge if value is metvalue is met

Keep value & Keep value & criterion upheld criterion upheld throughout throughout debatedebate

Cross examinationCross examination

Prepare questions ahead of timePrepare questions ahead of time Set up arguments to be used in your Set up arguments to be used in your

rebuttalrebuttal Avoid open-ended questions unless Avoid open-ended questions unless

getting opponent to explain how or getting opponent to explain how or whywhy

Be polite & directBe polite & direct When being examined…When being examined…

– If you don’t understand, have them If you don’t understand, have them clarifyclarify

– Try to give direct answersTry to give direct answers– Don’t fall into a trap!Don’t fall into a trap!

Steps of Effective Steps of Effective RefutationRefutation State opponent’s argument as close as State opponent’s argument as close as

you canyou can Provide brief summary of what they saidProvide brief summary of what they said Indicate what they left out Indicate what they left out Give your argumentsGive your arguments Summarize & move on (For each Summarize & move on (For each

argument)argument)

RebuttalsRebuttals

Where you win the debate!Where you win the debate! Be organizedBe organized Don’t just summarize Don’t just summarize

speechspeech Answer every point on the Answer every point on the

flowflow Signpost- tell judge which Signpost- tell judge which

point you are refutingpoint you are refuting

Making evidence Making evidence cardscards

Get articlesGet articles Bracket evidence in articles (put brackets around Bracket evidence in articles (put brackets around

2-3 sentences you chose as evidence)2-3 sentences you chose as evidence) Cut out the evidenceCut out the evidence Tape or glue the evidence to paperTape or glue the evidence to paper Source cite the evidence (Author, qualifications, Source cite the evidence (Author, qualifications,

date, book/mag./etc. name & page number right date, book/mag./etc. name & page number right before each piece of evidence)before each piece of evidence)

Tag the evidence (Write a 4-9 word complete Tag the evidence (Write a 4-9 word complete sentence that accurately & persuasively states sentence that accurately & persuasively states the main point of the evidencethe main point of the evidence