LCM AND HCF.pdf

7/25/2019 LCM AND HCF.pdf

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Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................. 5

1. WELCOME ................................................................... 51.2 PS 8051 BOARD OVERVIEW ................................... 6

1.3 PS 8051 SPECIFICATIONS ....................................... 7

CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ................................ 9

2.1 HARDWARE ............................................................... 9

2.2 MAPPING OF DEVICES............................................. 11

2.2.1 CONNECTOR DETAILS ........................................ 11

2.3 POWER SUPPLY DETAILS ......................................... 16

2.4 KEYBOARD DETAILS................................................. 16

CHAPTER 3 COMMANDS AND KEYS ............................. 173.1 RESET ...................................................................... 17

3.2 H (Help Menu) ........................................................ 17

CHAPTER 4 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ....................... 18

4.1 POWER ON .............................................................. 18

4.2 PROGRAM ENTRY USING ASSEMBLER: ................... 19

4.3 ENTERING MNEMONICS ......................................... 20

4.4 DISASSEMBLER ........................................................ 24


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4.5 M (MODIFY EXTERNAL MEMORY): ......................... 26

4.6 G (GO COMMAND) ................................................. 28

4.7 B (BAUD RATE) ........................................................ 29

4.8 R (REGISTER DISPLAY/MODIFY) .............................. 30

4.9 I (Modify internal memory) .................................... 33

4.10 T (TRANSFER COMMAND) .................................... 33

4.11 N (LOCAL MODE) ................................................... 35

4.12 E (EXAMINE / DUMP MEMORY) ............................ 354.13 PROGRAMMING THE 8051 TRAINER KIT: ............. 36

PROCEDURE 1: TO ENTER THE MNEMONICS ................ 36

PROCEDURE 2: TO ENTER THE OPCODE ..................... 37

CHAPTER 5 PROGRAMMING DETAILS .......................... 40

5.1 REGISTERS: .............................................................. 40

5.2 MONITOR PROGRAM: ............................................. 41

5.3 BREAKPOINT: .......................................................... 42

CHAPTER 6: EXAMPLE PROGRAMS ................................. 44

6.1 32 BIT ADDITION .................................................. 44

6.2 32 BIT SUBTRACTION .............................................. 47

6.3 32 BIT BCD ADDITION ............................................. 49

6.4 FIBONACCI SERIES ................................................... 52


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6.5 HEX TO ASCII CONVERSION .................................... 54

6.6 PORT BITS SELECTION ............................................. 56

6.7 CHARACTER TRANSMISSION ................................... 58

6.8) ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS ON 8051 TRAINER KIT ... 60

1. 8-BIT ADDITION: ..................................................... 60

2. 8-BIT SUBTRACTION: .............................................. 61

4. SETTING BITS IN AN 8-BIT NUMBER: ...................... 62

5. MASKING BITS IN AN 8-BIT NUMBER: .................... 63


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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1. WELCOME

Thank you for purchasing PS-8051 Board from

Pantech Solutions Pvt Ltd . The PS-8051 board which

demonstrates the capabilities of the 40-pin 8051 (various

families) Sample programs are provided to demonstrate

the unique features of the supported devices.

The PS-8051 Board Kit comes with the following:

1) PS-8051 Board

2) Sample device (NXP 89V51RD2)

3) Cross cable ( RS232)

4) CD-ROM, which contains:

Sample programs

User and Technical Reference Manual

5) User and Technical Reference Manual

6) Keyboard (101 keys)


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Note : If you are missing any part of the kit, please

contact our support executive

1.2 PS 8051 BOARD OVERVIEW

The PS 8051 board in based on Intel 8051

Microcontroller which operates at 11.0592 MHZ . the

board can operate using the 101/104 PC keyboard

supplied along with the trainer kit and 2 line by 16characters LCDdisplay or from the PC (using the Terminal

Emulation Software). PS 8051 is equipped with


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powerful software monitor in 27C256 EPROM. Keyboard

and LCDdisplay. The board has 32KB CMOS static RAM

(type 62256 ). PS

8051 works on +9V DCat 1 Amp.

1.3 PS 8051 SPECIFICATIONS

The PS 8051 board has the following hardware

features:

1. 8051 Microcontroller operating at 11.0592MHZ .

2. 32KB powerful software monitor in 27C256

EPROM.

3. 64KB on chip Flash memory (partially used by

Firmware).

4. Two 16 bit programmable on chip Timer.

5. 30 Programmable I/O pins (24 from 8255 and 6

(P1.0 to P1.5) from Port 1 of 8051).

6. 50 pin FRCconnector for system bus expansion.


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7. 20 pin FRCconnector for user interface from

8255.

8. 9 pin D type connector for RS 232C interface.9. Six different selectable baud rates from 150 to

9600.

10. One timer and external interrupt.

11. 101 PC type keyboard for entering user

address/data and for commands.

12. Built in line by line Assemble and

Disassemble .

13. User friendly software monitor for loading and

executing programs with break point facility.

14. Facility to connect to PC.

15. PS-8051 board supports Assembly and C

language


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CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

2.1 HARDWARE

PS 8051 Microcontroller board designed around

8051 is ideal for learning about Microcontroller. The

Microcontroller operates at 10 MHZ using a 11.0592

MHZ crystal. Lower bytes of address and data are

multiplexed as in 8085 and hence a decoder is necessary

to separates address and data. IC 74LS373 is used for

this purpose.

Firmware is stored in 27C256 EPROM . User

data/program can be stored in 32KB COMS static RAM of

type 62256. The board uses an 8255 totally available to

the user.

2X16 character LCDdisplay is directly connected to the

bus like a memory device. Serial communication is


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achieved using 8051 . This is possible when the

Microcontroller is operating in alternate mode. In this

mode, port pins 3.0 and 3.1 act as receive and transmitpins respectively.

Timer 1 is used for generating the baud clock. IC Max 232

convert TTL transmit and receive signals to RS 232 levels.

These signals are brought to a 9 pin D type connector

(female). 8051 has built in 16 bit counter/timer called

timer 0 and 1.

Timer 1 is used internally by the system for generating

the baud clock. Timer 0 is free and hence can be used by

the user.

8051 has following interrupt :

Timer 0 and 1 interrupts.


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External interrupts 0 and 1.

Serial interrupt.

Out of the 5 interrupts listed above external interrupt 0

and timer 0 are available to the user.

2.2 MAPPING OF DEVICES

2.2.1 CONNECTOR DETAILS

1) 50 PIN EXPANSION CONNECTOR :


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The 50 Pin FRC connector is used to interconnect withthe Interface cards like 8255, 8279, 8253/8251,8259,8257 and the pin details are given below


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2) 20 PIN EXPANSION CONNECTORS :

The 20 Pin FRC connector is used to interconnect with the

Interface cards like ADC, DAC, SWITCH/LED,RELAY buzzer

Interfaces etc. P in details are given below


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3) KEYBOARD CONNECTOR :


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4) 9PIN D TYPE (FEMALE) :

5) LCD CONNECTOR


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2.3 POWER SUPPLY DETAILS

PS trainer kit will work at 0 9v (1 amp) from the PS

power supply. Provision is made in PS power supply to

bring out on the front panel DC regulated voltage output

for interfacing with add-on cards.

+9V 1 amp

2.4 KEYBOARD DETAILS

101 PC type keyboard is interfaced to Microcontroller

through its port pin. Communication between

keyboard and Microcontroller takes place using 2 wires

one for serial clock and serial data (P1.6 and P1.7).


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CHAPTER 3 COMMANDS AND KEYS

3.1 RESET

This key is located in the main PS board. On depressing

this key the program starts executing from the beginning

i.e. at reset address 0000. On power on reset message PS

8051 is displayed in local LCD display.

3.2 H (Help Menu)

This key is used in PS 51/31 to get into help menu and

it will display the following commands.


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CHAPTER 4 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

4.1 POWER ON

Connect the PS 8051 board to the power having the

following specifications.

+9V DC 1 Amp


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Switch on the power supply after ensuring the correct

voltages. Following message will appear on the LCD

display.

On power on or after reset the display shows PANTECH

8051 as a sign on message. The prompt character is

displayed in the next line informing the user, that the

board is ready to accept the commands.

4.2 PROGRAM ENTRY USING ASSEMBLER:

PS 8051 is ready to accept the assembler entry

command after power on or after reset. Commands can

be entered in the second line of display and to enter intoassembler from where the user program gets stored.


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In PS 8051, the user may enter the program from

8000H FFFFH(if 32KB RAM is installed).

EXAMPLE:

A8500 Press ENTER Key

On typing this line PS-8051B is ready to store the user

program from start address 1100. Following message

shows in local LCD.

4.3 ENTERING MNEMONICS

As mentioned before, each instruction of Microcontroller

can be entered by specific set of characters generally

2/3/4 letters followed by respective operands.

List of instruction and mnemonics are given in the

Appendix A.


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EXAMPLE:

MOV A, R0 (ENTER key = )

Sequence for entering the above instruction is as follows.Typing sequence,

M

O

V

Space bar

A

,

R

0

Enter key

EXAMPLE:

INC A Press ENTER Key


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Typing sequence,

I

NC

Space bar

A

Enter key (ENTER Key )

As per the above procedure mnemonics are entered. On

completion of one line address, display in the first line

automatically gets incremented by respective value

depending on the instruction.

Line by line assembler converts the entered mnemonics

to equivalent opcode and stores it in the displayed

address. If any wrong mnemonics or operands are

entered ERROR message is displayed.


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On completion of one line of entry, the user may repeat

the above sequence of operation till the program is over

or till the end of memory. Termination of Assemblerentry is by depressing enter key.

IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS

1. When immediate addressing mode is used before

entering the data, # symbol should be entered for

instruction like,

MOV A, #12

MOV DPTR, #1234

2. When register indirect addressing mode is used @

symbol to entered for instruction like,

MOV A, @DPTR

MOV A, @R0


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EDITING

During the entry of mnemonics if any wrong entry ismade it is possible to edit it before depressing Enter key.

Use the Backspace key in the keyboard to erase the

previous character and this process may be repeated till

the first character. Once a character is erased, retype the

correct character.

4.4 DISASSEMBLER

Disassemble converts the hex byte stored in the memory

into equivalent mnemonics. To enter into disassemble

mode, type D in the command mode followed by the

memory address.

EXAMPLE:


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Assume the following data is stored in the memory

address 8500.

To disassemble the above data is,

D8500 [Enter]

On completion of this command, the display is as follows,

8500 74 AA MOV A, #AA

To see the next line depress space bar key. Display is,

8502 00 NOP

In similar manner, the above sequence may be repeated

and depressing the enter key can terminate this

command.


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4.5 M (MODIFY EXTERNAL MEMORY):

Using this command the user can display/modify any

external memory address.

ENTERING ADDRESS

After depressing this key, the system is ready to accept

from the keyboard and the board displays the data of the

selected memory address. Depressing any other non-hex

key results in error and the current command and once

again waits for new command.

ENTERING DATA

Now, if required, entering the new data can modify data

at the desired address. Entry of data is also similar to that

of address. Terminator for data is cursor up key or cursor

down key or space or enter key. Thus it is possible to load

the opcode/data in memory and verify it using M

(MDFY), UP and DOWN keys.


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EXAMPLE:

Thus it is possible to load the program/data in memoryand verify it using M (MDFY), UP and DOWN key.


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4.6 G (GO COMMAND)

This command is used to execute user program from thespecified address.

EXAMPLE:

EXAMPLE:G8850


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The above command starts the program execution from

address 8850. If enter key is depressed immediately after

G, the program starts executing from the value specifiedin PC of R command. Thus all register values displayed in

R command are initial values for user program address.

4.7 B (BAUD RATE)

When this key is depressed it displays the currently

selected baud rate. Default baud rate is 2400 baud and

this will be selected during power on or hardware reset

and displayed in the first line. Second line display shows

150 baud. By depressing the space bar key the baud

display can be changed from 150 to 300 and so on till

9600. The system permits following baud rates.

{9600 2400 1200 600 300 and 150}

By depressing the enter key, the currently displayed baud

rate is selected fir future serial communication

(however,this will be modified if reset key is depressed).


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NOTE: Space bar key doesnt select the baud rate and its

used to display the succeeding baud value only.

4.8 R (REGISTER DISPLAY/MODIFY)

When this key is depressed it displays current register

contents one after another. After depressing this key the

board waits for the register number and enter key from

the user.

If for example, key R2 depressed and then enter key the

system will display R2 contents.

As in the case of Modify, it is possible change the

displayed register contents. The entry is similar to that of

data filed entry. The termination for register data entry is

by space bar key.


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Entering space bar key increments register number and

its data is displayed once again. Thus it is possible to

display and modify all the sixteen registers. Terminationof this command is by enter key.

EXAMPLE:

If after depressing R, A is typed followed by enter this

command displays A value and waits for the user to enternew value.


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If succeeding registers are to be modified use space key

to advance. Enter terminates the command. In the

following example, A register value to be changed to 33and R0 to 66.

EXAMPLE:


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4.9 I (Modify internal memory)

This command is similar to that of modify external except

it displays/modifies internal 128 bytes of 8051

Microcontroller. Use of UP, DOWN and ENTER keys are

also as described above. The example program is given

in chapter 6

Note: This command is one of the important command

used to Modify the internal memory of controller.

4.10 T (TRANSFER COMMAND)

This command is useful for transferring data from one

area to another. The user has to specify the source start

address, source end address and Destination start

address.


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User can key in source start address and its delimiter

with space bar key. Source end address is also keyed in

similar way with space bar key as delimiter.

Next enter the Destination start address and is moved

from one area to another.

EXAMPLE:

T9000 90FF 9800 Press ENTER Key.

The above command transfer the memory content

starting from source start address 9000 to destination

start address 9800 till source end address 90FF is

reached.

Starting address 9000 End address 90FF End address 9800


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4.11 N (LOCAL MODE)

When this key is depressed on PC keyboard, the PS 8051 Kit starts working through local 101 keyboard.

Serial communication is disabled. Following message will

appear in the LCD display.

! NORMAL MODE !

4.12 E (EXAMINE / DUMP MEMORY)

This command will show the hex byte on the console

from the memory. This command requires start address

and end address. Its operates only the serial mode.

EXAMPLE:

E8500 85FF This will show hex bytes in the location

from 8500 to 85FF.


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4.13 PROGRAMMING THE 8051 TRAINER KIT:

PROCEDURE 1: TO ENTER THE MNEMONICS

1) Initially connect the 9V adaptor to J2 connector

2) Switch ON the PS-8051 kit using slide Switch SW1

3) PANTECH- 8051 will be displayed on the LCD 4) Connect the Keyboard in PS/2 connector

5) Depress A starting address of the program for

Ex: A8500

For ex: A8500 enter keyType the mnemonics MOV A,#12 press Enter key

Type the mnemonics ADD A,#12 press Enter key

and continue the same procedure till the end of

the Program


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6) To verify the code depress D starting address and

depress space bar to see next memory location

For Ex: D8500 and press spacebar till the end of

the program

7) To execute the program Depress G staring

address for Ex: G8500.

8) To see the result depress M result address for

Ex: M8600.

9) To view the output in the Register depress R and

press enter key in keyboard.

PROCEDURE 2: TO ENTER THE OPCODE

Follow the same procedure till step 4


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1) Depress M starting address of the program for Ex:

M8500

For ex: M8500 press enterType the opcode 74 space bar

Type the opcode 12 space bar and continue the

same till the end of the program

2) To view the code depress D starting address and

depress space bar to see next memory location

For Ex: D8500 and press spacebar till the end of

the program

3) To execute the program Depress G staringaddress for Ex: G8500.


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4) To see the result depress M result address for

Ex: M8600.

5) To view the output in the Register depressR

andpress enter key in keyboard

Note: 1) M is used for displaying the result, for Ex:

M8500

2) M is used to entering the Opcode.

3) M is used for entering the data.

Note : There are two ways to enter the program

1) Mnemonics method

2) Opcode method

Sample program is given to enter the program in both

the methods


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CHAPTER 5 PROGRAMMING DETAILS

This chapter describes the technique for developing

program in PS 8051 board. For the development of

program it is essential to get familiar with the machine

code of 8051 Microcontroller or mnemonics of

instruction set.

5.1 REGISTERS:

From the programmers point of view 8051 has the

following register:

A or Accumulator used for all logical and arithmetical

operations.

B register (8 bit) used in multiply/divides instructions

only.

R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 register are

general-purpose registers.


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Program counter is 16 bit register capable of

addressing from 0000-FFFF

Stack pointer is an 8-bit register. It is initialized avalue of 70, please note the value of SP is

incremented by 1 or 2 (whereas SP decrements 1 or

2 in 8085 or Z80) depending on the type of

instructions. Also stack uses only internal 128 bytes

of memory.

Status/Flag register keeps track of flags.

5.2 MONITOR PROGRAM:

Monitor the program uses following areas:

Program EPROM : 0000 7FFF

External user RAM : 8000 8500 (for monitor

program variables).

Internal RAM : 256 bytes RAM 128 bytes

used by 8051 itself. Area from

40 to 6F is available for user.


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User Interrupts : Timer 0 interrupt vectors to

address 800b.

External interrupt 0 vector to address 8003.(The user has to enable desired interrupts in his

program).

Chip select signals for user:

CS6 4040 405F CS7 4060 407F CS8 4080 409F CS9 40A0 40BF CS10 40C0 40DF

5.3 BREAKPOINT:

When writing program it is essential to debug them and

for this break points are necessary. Normally these are

achieved by using software Break points. However 8051

does not have any such facility. Other conventional


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methods require extra hardware and hence these are

avoided in PS 8051 board.

Wherever break points are required they can be called

like subroutines. As soon as break point are called all the

register values are saved and displayed on the console or

in local display.

BREAK POINT SUBROUTINEADDRESS 00BB

It is possible to continue the program execution just by

depressing G and enter in local mode.

BREAK POINT DISPLAY IN LOCAL MODE:


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When break point is encountered, all the register values

are saved and the Acc. Value is displayed in the LCD

display. Now use SPACE key to check register values oneby one.

BREAK POINT DISPLAY IN SERIAL MODE:

When break point is encountered, all the register values

are saved and all the register value will be displayed on

the console.

CHAPTER 6: EXAMPLE PROGRAMS

6.1 32 BIT ADDITION

FLOW CHART:


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This program adds two 32 bit numbers.

First number is from 40h to 43h.

Second number is from 50h to 53h.

Result is from 60h to 63h.

NOTE: To enter the data in the internal memory, press

i and address then data.

Reset the kit and then enter, i0040 Press ENTER

Key.


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Then enter the data and press space bar from

keyboard for entering the next data

EX: i0040 FIRST DATA :40

address : 40 TO 43 MSB IN 40

EX: i0050 SECOND DATA : 50 address : 50 TO 53 MSB IN50

EX: i0060 RESULT DATA : 60 address : 60 TO 63 MSB IN60

PROGRAM:

ADDRESS

OPCODE MNEMONICS COMMENTS

8500 C3 CLR C Clear Carry flag 8501 E5 43 MOV A, 43 Move the 1st LSB data from ADDR 43 to

ACC

8503 35 53 ADDC A, 53 Add ACC with 2nd LSB data in ADDR 538505 F5 63 MOV 63,A Store the LSB data from ACC to ADDR 63 8507 E5 42 MOV A, 42 Move the 1st Mid Lowest data from ADDR

42 to ACC8509 35 52 ADDC A, 52 Add ACC with 2nd Mid Lowest data in

ADDR 52850B F5 62 MOV 62, A Store the Mid Lowest data from ACC to

ADDR 62850D E5 41 MOV A, 41 Move the 1st Mid Highest data from

ADDR 41 to ACC850F 35 51 ADDC A, 51 Add ACC with 2nd Mid Highest data in

ADDR 518511 F5 61 MOV 61, A Store the Mid Highest data from ACC to


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ADDR 618513 E5 40 MOV A, 40 Move the 1st MSB data from ADDR 40 to

ACC8515 35 50 ADDC A, 50 Add ACC with 2nd MSB data in ADDR 50

8517 F5 60 MOV 60, A Store the MSB data from ACC to ADDR 60 8519 12 00 BB LCALL 00BB Break point

6.2 32 BIT SUBTRACTIONFLOW CHART:


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This program subtracts two 32 bit numbers.

First number is from 40h to 43h.

Second number is from 50h to 53h.Result is from 60h to 63h.



Reset the kit and then enter, i0040 Press ENTER

Key.

Then enter the data and press space bar from

keyboard for entering the next data

EX: i0040 FIRST DATA : 40 address : 40 TO 43 MSB IN40

EX: i0050 SECOND DATA : 50 address : 50 TO 53 MSB IN50

EX: i0060 RESULT DATA : 60 address : 60 TO 63 MSB IN60

PROGRAM:


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6.3 32 BIT BCD ADDITION

FLOW CHART:


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This program adds 32 bit BCD numbers.

First BCD number is from 40h to 43h.

Second BCD number is from 50h to 53h.

Result is from 60h to 63h.


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For Example: Reset the kit and then enter, i0040 Press

ENTER Key.

PROGRAM:


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6.4 FIBONACCI SERIES

FLOW CHART

FIBONACCI SERIES (0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13 ..) This program will generate the Fibonacci series

This will take input from the internal memory, 60h.


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Input = number of elements to be generate in the

series.

Output =elements of the series is stored in thememory.

Starting from 8F00h.



For Example: Reset the kit and then enter, i0060 Press

ENTER Key.

No = 40 Input count location Beg = 8F00 Output buffer start address


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PROGRAM:

ADDRESS

OPCODE

MNEMONICS COMMENTS

8500 A8 60 MOV R0, 60 Move the no. of Fibonacci data into R08502 79 01 MOV R1, #01 Initialize 1 to R18504 7A 01 MOV R2, #01 Initialize 1 to R28506 74 00 MOV A, #00 Initialize 0 to ACC8508 90 8F 00 MOV DPTR,#8F00 Load output data to DPTR850B B8 00 03 CJNE R0, #00, 8511 If R0 is not equal to 0 then jump into

8511850E 02 85 1C LJMP 851C Long Jump into 851C 8511 F0 MOVX @DPTR, A Store ACC value into DPTR 8512 A3 INC DPTR Increment the DPTR8513 FA MOV R2, A Load the ACC value into R28514 29 ADD A, R1 Add ACC with R18515 85 02 01 MOV R1,R2 Copy value from R2(addr2) to R1 (addr1)8518 F0 MOVX @DPTR, A Store the new value from ACC to DPTR8519 A3 INC DPTR Increment DPTR851A D8 F7 DJNZ R0, 8513 If the count isnt equal to Zero, jump

back851C 12 00 BB LCALL 00BB Break point address

6.5 HEX TO ASCII CONVERSION


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This program takes one HEX number (0 to F) then it will

convert that in to ASCII byte.user has entered any one of

the HEX number ( 0 to F).


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INPUT : Enter the HEX value in external memory

location 8600.

OUTPUT : Result is stored in Accumulator and also inR1 register.

PROGRAM:

6.6 PORT BITS SELECTION

FLOW CHART:


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In this port -1bit (p1.0) is set and cleared afterspecific intervalUsing bit wise operators

User can view the output on the first pin of 8051(i.e.,bit 0 of port1) in oscilloscope.

PROGRAM:


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6.7 CHARACTER TRANSMISSION

Baud calculation

Baud rate = (1/32) *(OSCILATOR FREQ/(12*256))


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0089 = tmod:equ 89h 008d = th1:

equ 8dh 008b = tl1:equ 8bh 088e = tr1:equ 8eh 0098 = scon:equ 98h 0099 = sbufequ 99h

PROGRAM:


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INPUT:

8501 = 0A8504 = 88

RESULT:

8600 = 50 (LSB)

8601 = 05 (MSB)

4. SETTING BITS IN AN 8-BIT NUMBER:

INPUT:

8501 = 2F

8503 = 45

RESULT:

8600 = 6F.


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5. MASKING BITS IN AN 8-BIT NUMBER:

INPUT:

8501 = 87

8503 = 7E

RESULT:

8600 = 06.

1) 16-BIT ADDITION of two numbers:

OBJECTIVE:

To perform 16-bit addition of two 16-bit data using

indirect addressing and store the result in Memory.


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THEORY:

As there is only one 16-bit Register in 89C51, 16-bitaddition is performed by using ADDC Instruction twice,

i.e. adding LSB first and MSB next.

GIVE INPUT TO THIS LOCATION:

8500 - F5; MSB of first 16 bit data 8501 - D5; LSB of

first 16 bit data

8502 - 43; MSB of second 16 bit data 8503 - 55; LSB of

second 16 bit data

RESULT:

8600 - MSB of result 8601 - LSB of result

PROGRAM


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PROCEDURE

1. Enter the input data in memory location 8500 to 8503.

2. Enter the above opcodes from 8500.

3. Execute the program.

4. Result stored in 8600 & 8601. Change data and checkresult in 8600, 8601.


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2) 16-BIT SUBTRACTION Of Two Numbers:

OBJECTIVE:

To perform 16-bit Subtraction of two 16-bit data using

indirect addressing and store the result in memory.

THEORY:

As there is only one 16-bit Register in 89C51, 16-bit

subtraction is performed by using subb Instruction.


8600 - MSB of first operand 8601 - MSB of second

operand

8602 - LSB of first operand 8603 - LSB of second

operand


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RESULT:

8700 MSB 8701 LSB

PROCEDURE



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4. Result stored in 8700 & 8701. Change data and checkresult in 8700, 8701.

3) 8-BIT MULTIPLICATION of two numbers:

OBJECTIVE:

To perform 8-bit Multiplication of two 8-bit data using

indirect addressing and store the result In memory.

THEORY:

Using indirect addressing Multiply two 8-bit data.


8600 - Multiplicand


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8601 - Multiplier

RESULT:

8700

PROCEDURE





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4. Result stored in 8700 & 8701. Change data and check

result in 8700, 8701.

4) 8-BIT DIVISION of two numbers:

OBJECTIVE:

To perform 8-bit Division of two 8-bit data using indirect

addressing and store the result in memory.

THEORY:

Using indirect addressing divide two 8- bit datas.


8600 - Dividend.

8601 - Divisor.

RESULT:

8700 & 8701


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PROGRAM

PROCEDURE




4. Result stored in 8700 & 8701. Change data and check

result in 8700, 8701

5) FACTORIAL OF A GIVEN NUMBER:

OBJECTIVE:


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To find factorial of a given number .

PROGRAM

PROCEDURE


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1. Enter the input data in memory location 8600.

2. Enter the above opcodes from 8500.3. Execute the program.

4. Result stored in 8600. Change data and check result in

8600.

6) MULTIPLY BY SHIFT AND ADD METHOD

OBJECTIVE:

Multiple of two 8-bit numbers using repeat addition

method.

PROGRAM


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MEMORY DDRESS OPCODES MNEMONICS

8500 90 86 00 MOV DPTR,#8600H8503 E0 MOVX A,@DPTR8504 F8 MOV R0,A

8505 90 86 01 MOV DPTR,#8601H8508 E0 MOVX A,@DPTR8509 F9 MOV R1,A850A 7A 00 MOV R2,#00H850C 7B 08 MOV R3,#08H850E E9 LOOP: MOV A,R1850F 54 01 ANL A,#01H8511 FC MOV R4,A8512 BC 01 03 CJNE R4,#01H,LOOP18515 EA MOV A,R28516 28 ADD A,R08517 FA MOV R2,A8518 E8 LOOP1: MOV A,R0 8519 23 RL A851A F8 MOV R0,A 851B E9 MOV A,R1851C 03 RR A851D F9 MOV R1,A851E DB EE DJNZ R3,LOOP8520 90 87 00 MOV DPTR,#8700H8523 EA MOV A,R28524 F0 MOVX @DPTR,A8525 80 FE E: SJMP E

PROCEDURE

1. Enter the input data in memory location 8600 & 8601.



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8700.

7) LCM of a given numberOBJECTIVE

To find LCM of a given number.

PROGRAM

ORG 8500H

MEMORY ADDRESS OPCODES MNEMONICS8500 90 86 00 MOV DPTR,#8600H8503 E0 MOVX A,@DPTR 8504 F8 MOV R0,A8505 90 86 01 MOV DPTR,#8601H

8508 E0 MOVX A,@DPTR8509 F9 MOV R1,A850A 7D 00 MOV R5,#00H850C 7A 01 MOV R2,#01H850E C3 TOP1: CLR C850F EA MOV A,R28510 98 SUBB A,R08511 60 1B JZ TOPY8513 EA MOV A,R28514 99 SUBB A,R18515 60 17 JZ TOPY8517 E8 MOV A,R08518 8A F0 MOV B,R2851A 84 DIV AB851B E5 F0 MOV A,B


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851D B4 00 0B CJNE A,#00H,TOPX8520 E9 MOV A,R18521 8A F0 MOV B,R28523 84 DIV AB8524 E5 F0 MOV A,B8526 B4 00 02 CJNE A,#00H,TOPX8529 EA MOV A,R2852A FD MOV R5,A852B 0A TOPX: INC R2852C 80 E0 SJMP TOP1852E ED TOPY: MOV A,R5852F 90 87 00 MOV DPTR,#8700H8532 F0 MOVX @DPTR,A8533 80 FE E: SJMP E

PROCEDURE





8700

8) HCF of a given number

OBJECTIVE

To find HCF of a given number.


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PROGRAM

ORG 8500H

PROCEDURE


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3. Execute the program.4. Result stored in 8700 & 8701. Change data and check

result in 8700 & 8701.

9) MATRIX ADDITION

PROGRAM

ORG 8500H

MEMORY ADDRESSOPCODES

MNEMONICS

8500 90 86 00 MOV DPTR,#8600H

8503 E0 MOVX A,@DPTR8504 F5 F0 MOV B,A8506 90 86 50 MOV DPTR,#8650H8509 E0 MOVX A,@DPTR850A 25 F0 ADD A,B850C 90 87 00 MOV DPTR,#8700H850F F0 MOVX @DPTR,A8510 90 86 01 MOV DPTR,#8601H8513 E0 MOVX A,@DPTR8514 F5 F0 MOV B,A8516 90 86 51 MOV DPTR,#8651H8519 E0 MOVX A,@DPTR851A 25 F0 ADD A,B851C 90 87 01 MOV DPTR,#8701H851F F0 MOVX @DPTR,A


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8523 E0 MOVX A,@DPTR8524 F5 F0 MOV B,A8526 90 86 52 MOV DPTR,#8652H8529 E0 MOVX A,@DPTR852A 25 F0 ADD A,B852C 90 87 02 MOV DPTR,#8702H852F F0 MOVX @DPTR,A8530 90 86 03 MOV DPTR,#8603H8533 E0 MOVX A,@DPTR8534 F5 F0 MOV B,A8536 90 86 53 MOV DPTR,#8653H8539 E0 MOVX A,@DPTR853A 25 F0 ADD A,B853C 90 87 03 MOV DPTR,#8703H853F F0 MOVX @DPTR,A8540 80 FE E: SJMP E

PROCEDURE




4. Result stored from 8700 & 8703.Change data and

check result in 8700 & 8703

10) FIBONACCI SERIES OF A NUMBER

OBJECTIVE:


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11) SQUARE OF A GIVEN NUMBER

OBJECTIVE:

To find Square of a given number.

PROGRAM

12) SQUARE ROOT OF A GIVEN NUMBER

OBJECTIVE

To find Square root of a given number.

PROGRAM


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PROCEDURE

1. Enter the input data in memory location 8600.2. Enter the above opcodes from 8500.


4. Result stored from 8700 . Change data and check

result in 8700


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13) LARGEST ELEMENT IN AN ARRAY:

OBJECTIVE:

To find the biggest number in an array of 8-bit unsigned

numbers of predetermined length.

EXAMPLE:

The length of the array is specified in the Register R5. The

array itself starts at 8600. The largest number of the

array is stored at location 860A.

Data : [8600] = 05

[8601] = 67 [8602] = 76

[8603] = 89 [8604] = 98

[8605] = 49 [8606] = 45

[8607] = 9F [8608] = 57

[8609] = 7A

Result :[860A] = 9F


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PROGRAM


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