Lịch sử Đức quốc xã - sachvui.com · những vùng đất lịch sử ở Đông Âu,...
Transcript of Lịch sử Đức quốc xã - sachvui.com · những vùng đất lịch sử ở Đông Âu,...
-
STRIDYVSUYTNCACHTHBA
LCHSCQUCX
Tcgi:WilliamL.Shirer
DchGi:DipMinhTm
BchVitphthnh
NXBThngTinVTruynThng
Xutbn&tibn:2007,2008,2013,2016,2018
EBOOKVCTVEGROUP
Ebookminphti:www.Sachvui.Com
http://sachvui.com/ -
TCGI
WILLIAMLAWRENCESHIRER(1904-1993)cxemlmttrong
nhngphngvinngiMctingtmnht.ngquanstvtngthut
-
cucsngcanccdichQucxtnm1925,tipcnvicc
nh lnh oQuc x hng u, d khnmt s bi din vn caAdolf
HitlervihingQucx.ngcmtVienna trongkhicsp
nhporibayiLondonginhngtintckhngbkimduyt.ng
atinvHinghMunichvschimngTipKhccaqunc,ri
nBaLantngthutcuctncngcacvoncny.
KhichintranhbngntrnmttrnphaTynm1940,ngitheo
sauonqunxmlng tng thutvchin tranhsmstcac.
ngatinvccchindchcactncnganMch,NaUy,HLan,
BvPhp.Bi tng thutcangvHinghnhchinCompigne
ccanginhmtkittc.Sauchintranh,khitrlicthamdcc
phintoNurembergxtiphmchintranh,ngcnhnthycccu
lnhoca chnhquynqun scmt lnna,nhng lng trc
vnhmngnga.
WilliamL.Shirerlmttrongstsgiacphptipcnkhnggii
hnnhngtiliucactchthuc.ngbra5nm6thngrsot
hngngnhng ti liuny.Tnhngngunyvcng t thng tin t
thuthpcvchuutronghn4thpk,ngtnghpnncunsch:
StridyvsuytncachThBa (TheRiseandFallof theThird
Reich), n nay vn c xem l thin s liu kinh in ca mt trong
nhngthikhihngnhttronglchsnhnloi.SauThchinII,ng
ctraotngLegiondHonneur(Bcubitinh),hunchngcaoqu
nhtcaNhncPhp.
-
Sweden
Reichs-kommissariat
Norwegen
Iceland(Britishoccupied)
FaroeIslands(Britishoccupied)
Ireland UnitedKingdom
Denmark
FinlandFinnishMilitaryAdmin.
SovietUnionReichs-kommissariatOstland
UnderMilitaryAdministration
GermanReich
GeneralGovermentBohemia
Moravia
Hungary
Slovakia
Reichs-kommissariatUkraine
Romania
Bulgaria
Inde-pendentStateofCroatia
UnderMilitaryAdmin.
Montenegro(Italy)
Albania(Italy)
ItalianMilitaryAdmin.
RKNieder-
landeUnderMilitaryAdmin.
Zoneoccupe(UnderMilitaryAdmin.)
Zonelibre
VichyFrance
MonacoAndorra
Spain
Portugal
TangierMorocco(Spain)Morocco
(VichyFrance)Algeria(VichyFrance)Tunisia(VichyFrance)
Malta(Britain)
Italy
SanMarinoVaticanCity
Turkey
Dodecanese(Italy)
Cyprus(Britain)Trans-Jordan
(Britain)SaudiArabia
Iraq(Br.-oc.)
Syria(FreeFrance)
(FromJuly1941)
EuropeattheheightofGermanexpansion,1941-1942
NaziGermany*AreasunderGermanoccupationGermanallies*,co-belligerents,andpuppetstates*Nominallyunoccupied
NeutralcountriesIncludingannexedandoccupiedterritories
*
RetakenduringSoviet1941-1942winter-offensive
Allied-heldareas
-
TNRINGVTCBIT
Aachen:thnhphminTrungTycac,gnbingiicviB
vHLan.
Abbeville: thnhphminTyBcncPhp,gncasngSomme,
cchbbinManche12km,phaNamEobinDover.
Abyssinia:vngqucAbyssinia,hinnaylncEthiopia.
Alexander:Alexanderi(356-323trcCN),vuancMacedonia
(min TrungNamBn o Balkans), thn tnh nhiu lnh th by gi l
Syria,AiCp,ThNhK,Iran,Iraq,Afghanistan,Pakistanchonmin
Tyn.
Alexandria:thnhphlnthnhvlcngbinquantrngnhtca
AiCp,nmvenbaTrungHi,doAlexanderithnhlp.
Alsace-Lorraine: vngt lch sngBcncPhp,ngncch
vicphangbisngRhinev tipgipviBphaBc,gm
vngAlsacephangvvngLorrainephaBc.Trongqukh,Alsace-
LorrainethngbPhpvcthaynhauchim,sauChintranhPhp-Ph
thucchc(1871),sauThchinIcHocVersaillesgiaocho
Php(1918),bQucxspnhp(1940),cuicngsauThchinIIc
trvchoPhp.
Antwerp:tnhvthnhphthphminBcncB.
Ardennes:vngrngvigiaBvLuxembourg,mtphnkodi
-
voncPhp.
Arkhangelsk:cngbinvthtrnminBcncNga,nmtrnsng
BcDvina,cchbinTrnggn50km.
Arnhem:thnhphminngHLan,nmdchlusngRhine.
Attolico:BernardoAttolico(1880-1942),istic.
Auchinleck:SirClaudeJohnEyreAuchinleck(1884-1981),Thngch
caAnh,TlnhlclngngminhNaUy(1940),Tlnhlclng
ngminhTrungng(1941),TlnhQunin(1943).
Auschwitz:tritptrungcacgnthtrnOwicim,cchthnh
phCracowcaBaLankhong60kmvhngTyNam.
o: lchscao linquanmt thitnc.qucLaM thn
thnhcangict th tiVienna,cng l thcao.Trong
giaion1438-1806 (tr thigianngn1742-1745),Hong tcHabsburg
gcongtrtrnngaivngcaqucLaMthnthnh,vthquc
ny cn c gi l qucHabsburg. Nm 1804, quco c
thnh lp.Tronggiaion1867-1918,ovHungary thohip thnh lp
quco-Hungary trong ngic chim v th quan trng. Nm
1879,haichcvo-HungarykHipcLinminh.SauThchin
I,othnhlpncCnghoLinbang.
Bach-Zelewski:ErichvondemBach-Zelewski(1899-1972),itng
S.S.,chhuytonblclngcnhstvS.S.Silesia(1937),thchin
nhiuhotngnp,thtiuvtchthugiasnBelarus,BaLan,Lin
X,lnhn10nmtvonm1951vsaulithmn10nmtna
vonm1961,uvtimstchnhtr,quaitrongt.
Badoglio:PietroBadoglio(1871-1956),ThammutrngQuni,
-
cvuaVictorEmmanuelTamclmThtngsaukhiMussolinib
lt (1943-1944), k vn bn u hngngminh, ri tuyn chin vi
c.
Baku:thnhphcngbnbTycabinCaspi,gnccmduvng
bingiiIran,vthccngnghiphoduphttrin,vothiThchinII
thuc LinX, hin gi l th caAzerbaijan. Trung tmBaku c
cngnhnlDisnVnhoThgii.
Balkans: bn o nmngNamchuu, bamt gip bin: pha
nggipbinen,phaNamgipaTrungHivphaTygipbin
Adriatic v bin Ionian.Vo thi k ny bao gm:NamT,Albania,Hy
Lp,Rumania,BulgariavphnThNhKphachuu.BnoBalkans
lcangTrunguvnguthngraaTrungHi,vthctm
quantrngva-chnhtr.
Bastogne: th trn nh min ng Nam nc B, gn bin gii vi
Luxembourg.
Batum (hocBatumi,Batoum,Batumi): thnhphnmvenbng
cabinen,stranhgiiphaBccaThNhK,thucLinX,hin
githucncGruzia.VltrungtmvnchuyndutBaku,cBatum
vBakuucv trchinlcquantrngvlumigytranhginh
nhhngtrongThchinII.
Bavaria: (tngctheotingclBayern):bangtncngphaNam
caCnghoLinbangchinnay,ngthphMunich,tnm1871
lmtvngqucnmtrongchc.SauThchinI,Bavarialbang
nmtrongCnghoc.Lcy,Bavariacxuhngcngquytmun
tch rakhic,mtphn ldonhngntvnho rtc thsovic
ncc.
-
BiDoThi:chnghathchvingiDoThivldochngDo
ThigiohocchngchngtcDoThi.
BchNga (tingNga:, phin m tingAnh:BelayaRus):
nhngvngtlchsngu,phaTyncNga,chyunmtrong
Ba Lan, hin gi tng ng vi nc Belarus, mt phn nh Ukraine,
Slovakia,minngBaLanvminTyncNga.
BolonKapp(tingc:KappPutsch):xyrangy13thng3nm
1920doWolfgangKappthuccnhHuchxng,cmtphnqun
i,phebo thchnghaqucgiavbohongngh.Chnhphhp
phpphichytrnkhithnhph,KapptxnglThtngvthnhlp
Chnhquynlmthi.Ccnghiponchngi,kuginhcngton
quc,c12 triucngnhncngnhiucngchchngng, lmcho
nhiudchvin,nc,kht,vinthngbct.Cucbolonsp
saubnngy.Nhngccnghiponrayuschvichnhquynvchnh
quynkhnggiliha.CngnhncnhTgycucnidyRuhr(ting
c:Ruhraufstand).uthng4nm1920,QunicngLclngT
donp,hngnghnngibgit,gn500ngibnphenpcngb
cht.Phn lnngi thamgia2 cucbo loncnx.Kappquai
nm1922khiangtrongtchxtx.
BolonNhhngBia(tingAnh:BeerHallPutsch):cngms
gia gi bin c xy ra nh hng biaBuergerbrukeller, ngoi Munich
ngy8thng11nm1923,khiHitlercmucucochnhtuynblt
chnhquynBavarialnchnhquynTrungng,nhngthtbi.
Bene:EdvardBene(1884-1948):TngthngTipKhc(1938-1948),
cthigianluvongAnh(1940-1945).
Beck: Jsef Beck (1894-1944), B trngNgoi giao Ba Lan (1932-
-
1939).
Beck: Ludwig Beck (1880-1944), i tng cp cao ca c, Tham
mu trng Lc qun (1935-1938), t chc v phn i quyt nh xm
chimTipKhccaHitlervchcticaQucx,cclnho
nhmmmuchngHitler (1942),h trmmumstHitlerngy20
thng7nm1944,cchnhlQuctrngnuthnhcng,nhnlnh
phittnhngsaulibsthi.
Bendlerstrasse:cngha lPhBendler,khuchhuycaQuni
cgmTnghnhdinhDnqunvnhiudoanhtri,cngltnghnh
dinhcanhmmmumstHitlerngy20thng7nm1944,vlni
Fromm ra lnh hnh quyt nm ngi ch cht k c Stauffenberg trong
nhmmmu,sauchintranhcitnthnhStauffenbergstrae(Ph
Stauffenberg), cn tonhTnghnhdinhcbin thnhNh lunim
phongtrochngHitler.
Berchtesgaden: ngi lng vng niAlpsminngNamncc,
nmtrongbangBavaria,gnbingiic-o,nicbitthnghdng
caHitlermangtnBerghof(hinbphhu).
Bernadotte:BtcFolkeBernadotte(1895-1948),HitrngHng
o sinh namThuin,PhCh tchHiCh thp Thuin, lm
trunggian traoi tbinhgia ccnc thamchinv sau lm trung
gianchmdtThchinII.
Bessarabia(hocBessarabiya):vngtngNamchuu,xakia
cspnhptqucOttomanvoqucNga,khiqucNgatan
rsauThchinIthcspnhpvoRumania.Hingitngngvi
ncCnghoMoldova,ngoi trvngminBcvminNamthucv
Ukraine.
-
Best:WernerBest (1903-1989),i tngS.S.,Ch tchHnh chnh
trong Ban Qun qun Php (1940-1942), Ton quyn an Mch (1942-
1945),nm1948btonanMchtuynnthnh,nhngcnx.
BinBaltic: binnmvphangBccachuu,xungquanh l
Thu in, Phn Lan, c, Ba Lan, Nga Khi ni n cc nc vng
BalticlchccncnhgmPhnLan,Estonia,LatviavLithuanianm
dcbNam,lmctiutranhginhnhhngcaccncln.
BinBc:mtnhnhcaiTyDng,nmgiabngcaAnh
qucvlcachuu.BinManchenibinBcviiTyDng
phaNam.
BinCaspi:bintronglca,nmgiachuvchuu(Nga),pha
ngvngCaucasus,nicnhiumdu.
Binen:bintronglca,nmgiangNamchuuvTiu,
phaBcvnggipNga,UkrainevGeorgia,phaTygipRumaniav
Bulgaria,cbNamlThNhK.
Bismarck:QuncngOttovonBismarck(1815-1898),ngithnhlp
chThHai,cgichnhthclchcmnglThtng
utin(1867-1890).
Blomberg:WernerEduardFritzvonBlomberg(1878-1946),Btrng
Qucphngc(1933-1938),BtrngChintranhkimTngThammu
trngQun lc (1935-1938),Thngchu tindi thiHitler (1936),
lmnhnchngtrongTonNuremberg.
Blum: Lon Blum (1872-1950), Th tng Php (1936-1937, 1938,
1946-1947),bchVichybtriaraxtxnhngnhctitbin
hkhinQucxlngtng,angvotritptrung.ngcqunM
-
giicu(1945),rilmThtngChnhphlmthi.
Blumentritt: Gnther Blumentritt (1897-1967), Thng tng (1941)
cac,ThammutrngiQunonThTnhLinX(1940),
Thammu phHnh qunLc qun (1942), Thammu trngMt trn
MinTyvTponqunD(1944),TlnhTponqunBlumentritt
trnMttrnphaTy(1945),sauchintranhthamgiavicxydngQun
icmi.
Bock:FedorvonBock(1880-1945),Thngch(1940)cac,Tlnh
TponqunBcnhBaLan(1939),TlnhTponqunBnhqua
HLan,BvLuxembourg(1940),TlnhTponqunBchunbb
lnncAnh,TlnhTponqunTrungtmnhMoscow(1941),ch
huytonmttrnminNamLinX(1942),thitmngvtrngbomca
ngminh.
Boeselager:Nam tcGeorgvonBoeselager (1915-1944),i t ca
c(1943),thamgiavophongtrochngiHitler.
Boetticher: Friedrich von Boetticher (1881-1967), Trung tng ca
c,TyvinQunstiM(1933-1941).
BohemiavMoravia(tngclBhmenvMhren):sauThchinI
lphntcaTipKhc,nnm1939lXBohcacdiquyn
BoqucdoHitlerbnhim.HinBohemia chimmtphnba lnh th
CnghoScvphaTy,vMoravialphntphangcaCngho
Sc.
Bohle: ErnstWilhelmBohle (1903-1960), Trng banT chcNc
ngoingQucx(1933-1945),ThtrngNgoigiao(1937-1945),i
tngS.S.(1943),sauThchinIIbngiamlng5nmricxon.
-
Bonhoeffer:DietrichBonhoeffer (1906-1945),Mc sGio hi Phc
m,thamgiavommuchngHitler,bMtvcbt(1943)rixt
hnh.
Bonnet: Georges-tienne Bonnet (1889-1973), B trng Ngoi giao
Php(1938-1939),nghchnhschxoaduQucx,cngnghch
caVichy(1939).SauThchinII,bavodincanphmchintranh
nhngkhngcchngclunti.
Bormann:MartinBormann(1900-1945?),itngS.S.,Bthng
Qucx,ChnhVnphngPhThtngvThkringcaHitler.B
To nNuremberg tuyn t hnh vngmt v chi tit ca ci cht khng
crrng,thithctmthynm1972.
BosporusvDardanelles:haieobinThNhKtongthng
thng tBinennaTrungHi, v th c tmquan trngv a-
chnhtr:tuthuyncaBulgaria,Rumania,Ukraine,LinXmunira
aTrungHiphiiquahaieobinny.
Boulogne:thnhphminBcncPhp,bnbbinManche,cch
Palais30kmvphaNamtheongchimbay.
BTngThammuQunlc:xemQunic.
Bradley:OmarNelsonBradley (1893-1981),Thng tng (1950) ca
M,TlnhQunonIIchuPhi(1943),chhuybaqunonb
lnbibinNormandy,TlnhTponqunThMiHaigm900.000
ngi(1944).
Brandenburg: Vng quc thuc ch c nm quanh Berlin, t
nm1618hpviPhtrthnhVngqucBrandenburg-Ph.
Bratislava: trongThchin II thucTipKhc,hingi l thv
-
thnh ph ln nht caSlovakia khi tch ra khiTipKhc, nmbn b
sngDanube,gnthnhphViennacao.
Brauchitsch:WalthervonBrauchitsch(1881-1948),TlnhLcqun
c(1938-1941),bHitlercchchcvchindchnhLinXthtbiv
cngdoautim,sauThchinIIbtruytltinhnchintranh,nhng
quaitrckhibxtx.
Brest:thnhphimccTycaPhp,niungphaNamca
BinManche,lcngbinvcnchiqunquantrng.
Bruening:TinsHeinrichBrning(1885-1970),ChtchngTrung
dungCnggio,ThtngCnghoc(1930-1932).
Bhler:TinsJosefBhler(1904-1948),ThiutngS.S.(1940),Ph
TonquynBaLan,cpdicaTonquynHansFrank,candvovic
tnstngiDoThi,bBaLanxthnh.
Burgdorf:Wilhelm Burgdorf (1895-1945), i tng Lc qun c,
TrngPhngNhn vinLc qun (1944), thi hnh vic bc tRommel
(1944),ttBerlinkhiqunNgatinvothnhphny.
Busch:ErnstBusch(1885-1945),Thngch(1943)cac,phcv
diquynListkhinhBaLan(1939),TlnhiQunonThMi
SunhPhp(1940)rinhquaLinX,baovyLeningrad(1941),T
lnhTponqunTrungtm(1943-1944)ribcchchcvModelthay
th, c gi li lm T lnh Tp on qun Ty Bc (thng 3 nm
1945),quaitrongtritbinhAnh.
Bc tngTy: cn c gi l Phng tuyn Siegfried, gm 18.000
boong-kecngchngngivt,hochnxethitgipdocxymin
BcncPhp,ditrn630km,btutKlevebingiic-HLan,
-
chydctheobingiicaqucccchonWeilamRheinbin
giic-ThyS.
Cadogan: Alexander George Montagu Cadogan, Th trng Thng
trcNgoigiaoAnh(1938-1945).
Caen:thnhphminBcncPhp,cchbbinNormandykhong
10kmvphaNam.
Caesar: Gaius Julius Caesar (100-44 trc CN), tng lnh v chnh
khch,lpnhiuchincnghinhch,tonntngchohthngchnhtr
caqucLaM.Nmchcvchuynchsutitrongkhitrc,
chcvnychcbnhim6thngtrongthikkhncp.
Calais:xemPas-de-Calais.
Canaris:WilhelmFranzCanaris (1887-1945),c cp cao (1940)
cac,GimcCcQunbocaBChhuyTicaoQun lcc
(1935-1944),bMtvcxtttuntrckhiThchinIIktthc.
Canary:qunotrniTyDngngoikhiMaroc,bbinTy
Bc chuPhi, di quynTyBanNha, hin l vng t tr caTyBan
Nha.
Caou(tingc:Reichskommissar-Caouch):chcvidin
ncciuhnhlnhthtmchimhocspnhp.TrongThchin
II,ctCaoutrongncvvngspnhp:Saargebiet,Sudetenland
vVienna,minTy:B,HLanvNaUy,LinX:OstlandvUkraine.
CapVerde:qunotrniTyDngngoikhiSenegal,bbin
TyPhi,diquynBoNha,hinlncCnghoCapVerde.
Caucasus (hoc Caucasia): vng ni i c dy ni Caucasus cc
ngNamchuuvTyNamchu,nmgiabinenvbinCaspi,
-
gmccnchinnay lGeorgia,ArmeniavAzerbaijancngmtphn
minNamncNga.
CnhHu:cchyugmcquni,giidoanhnghip,cng
nghip,ngnhng,nhmbohongQucxcngthuccnhHu,vc
ttngccoannnikhicgilccHu.
CnhT:cchyugmcngCngsn,ngDnchXhi,
LinonSpartakist,chnhquynXVitikhingitheoCngsn
vMarxitcgilccT.
Chamberlain: Arthur Neville Chamberlain (1869-1940), Th tng
Anh(1937-1940).
Chamberlain: Houston Stewart Chamberlain (1855-1927), nh kho
lunngicgcAnh,cbitnquanhngtcphmvchngtcv
chnghabiDoThi,tnvinhngic.Ttngvsthunchng
dntccanggynhhngmnhmnttngcaHitlervchng
tc.
CharlesXII:(1682-1718),vuacaThuin,dnqunxmlngnc
Nga, b Pyotri nh bi (1709).Do ,Thuin t v th cng
qucbxungdcrrt,mtnhiutai,tochichoNgavnln.
Cherbourg:thnhphminBcncPhp,nmdcbbinManche,
ca sngDivette, cch b binNormandy khong 100 km v phaTy
Bc.
Chin tranhBaminm (tingAnh:ThirtyYearsWar):mt lot
trnchintronggiaion1618-1648,dinratrnnhnglnhthcangi
c.Khiu,cucchinchyudatrnxungttngiogiaccphe
nhmCnggiovTinlnhtrongPhongtroCicch.Dnd,cucchin
-
lanrnggiamtbnlnhnghongthnngicvbnkiachyul
Thu in v Php mun hn ch quyn lc ca quc La M Thn
thnh.Tcucchinny,Thuinchimcnhiulnhthcangi
c.ChintranhBaminmlmttrongnhngcucchingytnph
nngnnhttronglchschuu.
Chin tranhBy nm (tingAnh: SevenYearsWar): din ra trong
giai on1756-1763,gmmtbn lPhdi s lnhocaFriedrich
iAnhvCngqucHanover,bnkialo,CngqucSaxony,Php,
Nga,ThuinvTyBanNha.Saucucchin,Phtrlilnchng
mnhchuunhvnmay tcichtcaNHongElizabethca
Nga.
Chin tranh sm st (theo ngha ting c: Blitzkrieg): chin thut
nhthitgiptnglcdisymtrcamybaynhmthntcxuyn
thngphngtuyncachv tip tc tincng,bbinh theosau lm
cngvictruyqutvbnhnhvngmichimc.
Christian(1870-1947):vuaChristianXcaanMch(1912-1947)v
VuacaIceland(1918-1944),anhtraicavuaHaakon,uhngcngy
9thng4nm1940.
Chng trnhKinh t-XhiMi (tingAnh:NewDeal Program):
ChngtrnhdoTngthngMRooseveltthchintronggiaion1933-
1938nhmiphvitnhtrngsuythoikinht:cithinhthngngn
hngvchngkhon,chovaymuanh,toviclmquaccdncng
trnhxydngcngch,trngrngChngtrnhxydngtcaFritz
TodtvAlbertSpeerdiquynHitlercngcsosnhviChngtrnh
Kinht-XhiMicaRoosevelt.Theonhgichung,ChngtrnhKinh
t-XhiMi tht bi trongvicphchinnkinh t, vkhin choNh
-
nccanthipqusuvocucsngcangidn.
Chvalkovsky: Frantiek Chvalkovsky (1885-1945), B trng Ngoi
giaoTipKhckvobnuhngcaTipKhccngviTng thng
Hcha, i din choXBohBohemia vMoravia tic, thitmng
trongmtcucthbomcangminh.
Chthpngoc(hocchvn):Cnphnbithaihnhdngnguyn
thuxuthintthixaxa,cntbntrnnmnganghngvphi()nhdng trongngio, Iran,Php,PhnLanhocntbn trnnm
nganghngv tri () nhdng trongPht gio, LaM,TrungHoathiHn,Panama,hocBaLansdngchaith.Ringchthpngoc
caQucxcntbntrnnmnghingldo()quaymtgc45.
Ciano:GianGaleazzoCiano(1903-1944),conrcaBenitoMussolini,
B trngNgoigiaoca(1936-1943),is tiTo thnhVatican
(1943),bnhmnghMussolinisthivtiphnbi.
Clemenceau:GeorgesClemenceau(1841-1929),ThtngPhp,cng
viMvAnhsonthoHocVersaillessauThchinI.
Corbin:CharlesCorbin,isPhptiAnh(1933-1940).
Coulondre:RobertCoulondre(1885-1959),isPhptic(1938-
1939).
Cng ho c: ch trong giai on 1919-1933 vi Hin php
Weimarlmcs,nnchcgibngtnthngdnglCngho
Weimar.VHocVersailles,dintchchcthn540.000km
cnlihn468.000kmcaCnghoc.Cnbit:tuythchkhchn,
nnCnghovnctncchnhthclDeutschesReich(chc),
cngltnchnhthccachctrcnm1919.
-
Cracow (tngc theo tingBaLan lCracow): thnhph ln thhai
caBaLan,nmbnbsngWistla.
Crimea:bnophangNamUkraine,cnivilcaquaeo
tPerekop.HincbangCnghottrCrimeathucUkraine,binphp
nhpthnhnccnghottrCrimeathuclinbangNga.
Cripps:RichardStaffordCripps(1889-1952),isAnh tiLinX
(1940-1942).
Daladier:douardDaladier(1884-1970):ThtngPhptrongbagiai
on(1933,1934,1938-1940),thamgiakktHipcMunich.
Dalmatia:ditnmdcbbinAdriatic,ngNamchuu,hin
nayphnlnthucvncCroatia.
Daluege:KurtDaluege(1897-1946),itngcpcaocaS.S.(1942),
B trng Ni v bang Ph (1933), thay th Heydrich lm Ton quyn
BohemiavMoravia,btontiphmchintranhTipKhcxt.
Danzig (tn gc l Gdask): thnh ph min Bc Ba Lan, ni hai
nhnhsngWistlachyqua, trongthiTrungcbngic,Ph(cng
dongiccaitr)vBaLanchimilylinhiuln,sauThchinI
cHocVersaillesquynhdiquynkimsotcaHiQuclin
theothchThnhphTdo,hinnaythucBaLan.
Darr:RichardWaltherDarr(1895-1953),itngS.S.,Btrng
LngNng(1933-1942),bTonNurembergtuyn7nmt,ctrt
donm1950.
Dnqun:quniThaythhayquniTrb,llclnggm
tnbinhvachunluynvmtsbinhslntui,mnhnnhimv
canhgc,gignanninhnia.
-
de Valera: Eamon de Valera (1882-1975), Th tng Ireland trong
nhiugiaiontnm1932n1959vlTngthngIrelandtronggiai
on1959-1973.
Diels: Rudolf Diels (1900-1957), Ch huy trngMt v c (1933-
1934), lin quan n v chy to nhNgh vin (1933), khng b To n
NurembergtruytnhngcgiralmchngchophinxGoering.
Dietl:EduardDietl(1890-1944),i tngcpCaocac,Tlnh
Son3SnccnhNaUy,sauthamgianhPhnLanvng
u,btnnmybay.
Dietrich: Josef Sepp Dietrich (1892-1966), i tng cp Cao
Waffen-S.S., T lnh S on 1 Thit gip S.S. trnmt trn pha ng
(1941),TlnhiQunonThSuThitgipS.S.,trnmttrnmin
Ty(1944),bn25nmtv tisthi tbinhM,c tr tdonm
1956nhngbthm19thngtvthamgiavovThanhtrngmmu
ngy30thng6nm1934.
Dietrich:OttoDietrich (1887-1952), Trng banBo chngQuc
x,itngDanhdS.S.,(1941),sauThchinIIbn7nmt,c
trtdonm1950.
Dohnanyi: Hans von Dohnanyi (1902-1945), Tin s Lut (1925),
cOsteravoQunbodiquynCanaris, linquannmmu
mstHitler(1943),bMtvcbt(1943)rixthnh.
Dollfuss:EngelbertDollfuss(1892-1934),Thtngo(1932-1934),
bQucxomsttrongmtvochnhht.
Donets: sng di 1.020 km minngUkraine v TyNam nc
Nga,chyvosngDon,csdngvnchuynthanvnhiuhng
-
hokhc.Vo thiny, luvc sngDonets lvng tp trung60%cng
nghipcaLinX.
Dortmund:thnhphminTrungTycac,ltrungtmcavng
hmmvcngnghipRuhr.
Dostler: Anton Dostler (1891-1945), T lnh Qun on LXXV ca
c,bMxthnhvtiralnhxtbitkchM.Tuynhin,cthng
tinmuthunvvn:DostlerkhaibitkchMkhngmcngphcm
gi dng lm dn , Dostler thu hi lnh x t a ra nhng Tng
Kesselring(cptrntrctipcaDostler)ralnhvnxtbitkchM.Do
chngckhng r rngvvcuicngDostlerkhai rngmnhkhng
trctipralnhmchchuynlnhcacptrnxungcpdi,nnpha
cngtvchuyngiaphplutMnghmintDostlerribocov
thWashington.Hchiprng:Khithiuchngctheochun
mc, linicchpnhnlchngctrcphinto.Ngicon
camtchuyngiaphplutthamdvovnkrngchacangcm
thyrtbtrtvvny.
Dover:xemPas-de-Calais.
Doenitz:KarlDoenitz (1891-1980),mang qun hmThu s c
tuykhngphilngvinQucx,TlnhbinhchngtungmriT
lnhHiqunc(1943-1945),cHitlercgichcvTngthng
ckimT lnhTicaoQun lc trongTuyncoChnh tr,bTon
Nurembergtuyn10nmtvticchintranhcatungmc,nhng
bnngynhiutranhcivchngcchothytungmAnhvMcng
cnhnghnhngtngtnhtungmc.
Dresden: thnh phminTrungBc cac, bn b sngElbe, th
phcabangSachsen,gnbingiigiacvCnghoSchingi.
-
Drexler: Anton Drexler (1884-1942), cng vi Gottfried Feder v
DietrichEckartthnhlpngLaongc,tinthncangQucx,
cHitler a ln chcCh tchDanh d cangm khng c thc
quyn.
Dulles:AllenWelshDulles(1893-1969),TrngVnphngTnhbo
Chin lc(OfficeofStrategicServicesOSS) tiThuS (1942-1945).
OSS l tin thn caC quanTnh bo Trung ng (Central Intelligence
AgencyCIA),doDulleslmGimctronggiaion1953-1961.
Dunkirk(tngctheotingPhplDunkerque):thnhphcngbnb
binMancheminCcBccaPhp.
ngCngsnc:mttrongnhngngquantrngtrongthik
1918-1933, c thnh lp sau Th chin I do nh hng t Cchmng
1917Nga.
ngDnchc: c thnh lp trong thi k u caCng ho
c,ckhuynhhngdnch,nghnnCngho,thamgiaChnhph
linhiputincaCnghocdongDnchXhilnho.
ngDnchXhic:ng luinhtc(thnh lpnm
1863),cxuhngxhichnghanho,nghnndnch,dich
Cng ho c thng l ng ng u trong Ngh vin, thnh lp
ChnhphlinhiputincaCnghoc.
ng Lao ng c: c Anton Drexler v Karl Harrer thnh lp
ngy5thng1nm1919.tovbngoilmtngln,msng
vincmts500.Hitlergianhpvimsngvinl555.n
ngy24thng2nm1920,ngcithnhngQucx.
ng Nhn dn c: c thnh lp sau Th chin I, do Gustav
-
Stresemannlnho,ngvpheilpviChnhphlinhiputin
caCnghoc,xungdcsaukhiStresemannquai(1929).
ngNhndnQucgiac:thngngvpheilptrongNgh
vindichCnghoc,cgiiachvcngnghipngh,
c xu hng bo th, chng nnCng ho, khi u theo phe bo hong
nhngdndngtheophequcgia.ChtchlAlfredHugenberggianhp
NiccHitlernm1933.
ngQucx:tnc:NationalsozialistischeDeutscheArbeiterpartei
(ngLaongQucgiaXhiChnghac),gittlNazi(tingVit
gitt theocchtngtlQucx).LnhtlHitler,PhLnhtl
RudolfHess,ktiplMartinBormann.
Trung ng l cpReich ( ch), c chc vReichsleiter, nhng
ngi ny (khong 20 ngi) tp hp thnh c quan gi l Reichsleitung
(BChhuych,tngtnhBChnhtr).Tiaphng,tchc
ngcchiarathnhchibtngngviccnvhnhchnh:Gaue:
cp vng, ng u l Gauleiter (tng t nh X u), Kreis: cp tnh
(tng t B th tnh u), Ort: cp th x hoc qun, Block tng ng
phng,Zelletngngtdnph.Trnlthuyt,Bthnguchl
idincangQucxcchcnngiuphihotngcangti
a phngv c vn cho chnh quyn a phng.Nhng trn thc t
ngu,nhtlXu,cquynhnhbaotrmmilnhvciuhnhti
aphng.
ng Trung dung c: tn gi thng thng l ng Trung dung
Cnggio,cngungctgiathkXIX,sauThchinIthamgiaChnh
phlinhiputincaCnghocdongDnchXhilnho,
nm1929HeinrichBrueningnmquynthlnhcangtrongNghvin.
-
iqunon:xemnvlcqun.
iqunonkhngqun:xemnvkhngqun.
chc (ting c: Deutsches Reich): c Bismarck thnh lp
nm1871saukhi thngnhtccvngqucvcngqucdongic
cai tr, chm dt nm 1918 khi Hong Wilhelm II thoi v. Mc d
Bismarckrtmongmun,ngvnkhngthbaoqutlnhthcgil
octrongchc.DeutschesReichltnchnhthcctiptc
sdngchoCnghoc(1919-1933)vnccdichQucx
(1933-1945).
chThNht:nimgnchoqucLaMthnthnh.
chThHai(1871-1918):nimgnchochcdoBismarck
thnhlp.
chThBa:nccdichQucxdoHitlerthnhlp.Cc
th ch chnh c lit k di y (Du* ch ngi cnu tn trong
TuyncoChnhtrcaHitler):
Nguynthqucgia:LnhtvThtngch:AdolfHitler,tipnhimlTngthngKarlDoenitzvThtngGoebbelsVnphngLnht:PhilipBouhlerVnphngng:MartinBormannBtrngng:MartinBormann*VnphngTngthng:OttoMeissner(bibnm1934)VnphngThtngch:HansLammersHingNiccCmt:KonstantinvonNeurath
Cccquanchcht:CquanKhochBnnm:BtrngcmnhTonquyn
-
HermannGoeringCquanKinhtChintranh:BtrngcmnhTonquynHjalmarSchachtCquanSdngLaong:BtrngcmnhTonquynFritzSauckelcmnhTonquynHnhchnh:HeinrichHimmlerNgn hng Nh nc: Thng c Hjalmar Schacht, WaltherFunkCquanThanhninchCquanKhobcchTngThanhtrachLnhochctrchPhn:GertrudScholtz-KlinkLnhochctrchThthao:HansvonTschammerundOstenMttrnLaongc:TinsRobertLey
Ccbquantrng:Ngoigiao:KonstantinvonNeurath, JoachimvonRibbentrop,LutzGrafSchwerinvonKrosigk,Seyss-Inquart*Niv:WilhelmFrick,HeinrichHimmler,PaulGiesler*Qucphng(itnthnhBChintranhnm1935):WernervonBlomberg.Hitler bi bBChin tranh nm1938 ri tilpnm1945vcKarlDoenitz*lmBtrng.Thng tin v Tuyn truyn: Joseph Goebbels, WernerNaumann*Hngkhng:HermannGoeringKinht:KarlSchmitt,HjalmarSchacht,WaltherFunk,WaltherFunk*Tichnh:SchwerinvonKrosigk*KhtivVtrang:FritzTodt,AlbertSpeer,Karl-OttoSaur*
-
Tphp:OttoThierack*LngNng:WaltherDarr,HerbertErnstBacke*Cngnghip:WalterFunkQucvkhanh*:KonstantinvonNeurath,HansFrank,HjalmarSchacht,ArthurSeyss-Inquart
Lnhthchimng:ThhinTnhOstmark(o):ArthurSeyss-InquartBoqucBohemiavMoravia:KonstantinvonNeurathChtchHingHnhchnhTipKhc:KonradHenleinTonquynBaLan:HansFrankVnphngQunqunPhp:Carl-HeinrichvonStuelpnagelVn phng Qun qun B & bc Php: Alexander vonFalkenhausenCaouHLan:ArthurSeyss-InquartCaouNaUy:JosefTerbovenBtrngLnhthphang:AlfredRosenberg
Cquanlpphp:Nghvin(Reichstag),Chtch:HermannGoeringHi ng Bang (Reichsrat, tng t Thng vin, b gii tnvonm1934).
quc La M thn thnh (800-1806) (ting Anh: Holy Roman
Empire):doGiohongLeoIIIthnhlpvcCharlemagnelmHong.
VicnydatrntnglmsngliqucLaMminTysuytn
tthkVI,nhmtoraitrngviqucByzantinelcbygiang
kimsotqucLaMminng.Lnh thcaqucLaM thn
thnh thayi theo tng thik, tu thucvo tim lcqunsvchnh
schngoigiao.ThiccthnhvokhongtthkXInthkXIII,
qucny tri xuyn sut tbinBcxungnaTrungHi, baogm
-
lnhthrnglncaccnchingi:c,o,ThuS,minngnc
Php,B,HLan,minTyBaLan,CnghoSc v na phn trn ca
nc.Tuynhin,nthkXVIvthkXVII,cbitltrongChin
tranhBaminm,qucLaMthnthnhsuyyunhiu,dodngh
Habsburg trv,ng thphVienna.Lcny,Hongch l tcv
tngtrngvquynlcthtsldocclnhthvcngqucthnhvin
nmgi.SaukhiqucLaMthnthnhbgiitn(ngvicuchm
bimcaVoltairemtthctrng:Khngphithnthnh,khngphi
LaM,mcngkhngphilquc),ngicvncnvngtngv
mtqucnitipsauny.
ngPh:tnhnmminCcngcac,bHocVersailles
tchrikhincc toHnhlangBaLanchoBaLancli thng
thngrabin,vthngicrtbtmn.
icnhim(tingEhrc:Einsatzgruppen):4ibnquns(A,B,
CvD)gmMtv,S.S. linquannvic sthingiDoThiv
ChnhuLinX,ccdntcSlavngu
nvkhngqun:ccnvlntuchungctchcnhsau:
Son khng qun: thng c 300-360my bay do thiu tnglmtlnh,ctchctheonhimvchuynbit.iqunonkhngqun: thngdoThngchhoci tnglmT lnh, ckhong trndi1.000mybayvcc t chchucn,bodnghotngclptheonhngnhimvadng.KhimibtuThchinII,ccbniqunonkhngqun, sau tunhucuc lp thmnhngiqunonkhngqunmi.
nvlcqun:ccnvlntuchungctchcnhsau:
-
Lon:tngngvit1-2trungonnhngkhngnmtrongccucason,mclphocctngphinikhc.Son: n v lc qun tng i ging nhau cc nc thamchin,thngc10.000n15.000qundoithocThiutnglmtlnh.Qunon:gmhainbnson,thngdoTrungtnglmTlnh.MschnhqunonthngcvitthnhsLaM.iqunon:gmhainbnqunon thmmts lc lngthitgip,khngqunbitphi,thngdoThngtnghocitngnmquyntlnh.Mschnhiqunonthngcvitthnhnguynchcastht.iQunoncacthngchn100.000qun.LinX,mtiqunon thng tngngvimtqunkhu(rnglnhnqunkhuVitNam).Tponqun:qunscthgnmttriuvcthmbinhchngbit phi (thit gip, khngqun)m trchmtmt trn ln,thng do Thng ch (Anh, Php, c) v Nguyn soi (Lin X)nm quyn t lnh. Lin X, n v tng ng c gi lPhngdinqun.
Ebert:FriedrichEbert(1871-1925),TngthngutincaCngho
c(1919-1925),tipninglThngchHindenburg.
Eckart:DietrichEckart(1868-1923),cngviGottfriedFedervAnton
Drexler thnh lpngLaongc, tin thncangQucx, tham
giaBolonNhhngBia,tcgibihtDeutschlanderwache(ncc
thctnh),lbihtchnhthccangQucx.
Eden: (Robert) Anthony Eden (1897-1977), B trng Ngoi giao
(1935-1938,1940-1945),ThtngAnh(1955-1957).
EdwardVIII(1894-1972):vuacaAnhvBcIreland(tthng1n
-
thng12nm1936),vmuncimtphnngiMlydhailnnn
thoi v, nhng ngi cho em trai, k tip nhn tc hiu Qun cng
Windsor, Trung tng trong Lc lng Vin chinh Anh ti Php, Ton
quynBahamas(1940-1945).
Eichmann: (Karl)AdolfEichmann(1906-1962),Trung tS.S. (1941),
TrngVnphngDicngiDoThithucCquanRSHA,gichcv
QunlVnchuynangiDoThintritptrung(1942),thc
hincngvictngtHungary(1944),bngiDoThibtnm1960
Argentinarixtreoc.
Eisenhower: Dwight David Ike Eisenhower (1890-1969), Thng
tng (1944) caM, T lnh Ti cao lc lngngminh chuu
(1944),TlnhTicaocaNATO(1949),TngthngM(1953-1961).
ElAlamein(hocAlAlamayn):thtrnminBcAiCp,nmvenb
aTrungHi,cchAlexandria106kmvhngTyvthCairo240
kmvhngTybc.
Elbe: sngdi1.170kmTrungu,chyquangBcTipKhc,
TrungngvTyBccrirabinBc,ltuynhnghiquantrng
giabinBcvPrague,vcnibngknhovisngOdervsng
Rhine.
Enigma: tn loimyxch tayghivgiimtm,vnhnhbngc
in,cnhiuloi,nitingnhtlloidoQunicsdngtrongTh
chinII.
Estonia:hingilncCnghongBcchuu,gipvivnh
Phn Lan (phn ko di ca bin Baltic) v hng Bc, nc Latvia v
hngNam,ncNgavhngngvbinBaltic vhngTy.Sau
ThchinI,Estonialncclp,spnhpvoLinXnm1940vtr
-
lithnhncclptnm1991.
Falkenhausen:AlexandervonFalkenhausen(1878-1966),Trungtng
c,Ch huy qun qunB vminBc ncPhp (1940-1944), ng h
nhmmmuchngHitler,bgiamtrongtritptrungchonkhing
minhgiicu(1945),btonBtuyn12nmkhsairicthabngv
cbngchngmichothyngcugipngiDoThivngiBtrnh
btrcxutvhnhquyt.
Feder:GottfriedFeder(1883-1941),mttrongnhngnhnvtchcht
trongthikucangQucx,cxemllthuytgiavkinht
ca ng, tham gia Bo lon Nh hng Bia, i biu Ngh vin (1924-
1936),ThtrngKinht(1933),giosihctnm1936.
Fegelein:HermannOttoFegelein(1906-1945?),itngWaffen-S.S.,
anhemctchocaHitler,btrnnhngbHitlerralnhtruyn,bxt
(nhngcnghivnvvicny).
Fellgiebel: Fritz Erich Fellgiebel (1886-1944), i tng (1940) ca
c,CctrngThngtinthucBTlnhLcqun(1938),thamgiavo
vmstHitlerngy20thng7nm1944,bTonNhndnxthnh.
Fichte:JohannGottliebFichte(1762-1814),tritgiavgiosihc
ngic,HiutrngutincaihcBerlin(1810),manhmcv
chotinhthnqucgiac.
Fiehler:KarlFiehler(1895-1969),itngS.S.,Thtrngthnhph
Munich(1933-1945),nm1949bn2nmtkhsai.
Flander:mt vng ca sc dnFlemish c nhngnt c th v vn
ho, tri di tminBc ncPhp nminNamHLan v phn na
ncBminTy,vothkXInmtrongqucLaMthnthnh.
-
Flemish:xemFlander.
Folkestone:xemDover.
Forbes:GeorgeOgilvieForbes,ThamtnisqunAnhtic.
Franco:FranciscoFranco(1892-1975),lnhtcticaTyBanNha
(1939-1975),thnviHitlervMussolinitrongThchinII.
Franois-Poncet:AndrFranois-Poncet(1887-1978),isPhpti
c(1931-1938),isPhpti(1938-1940).
Frank:TinsHansFrank(1900-1946),lutschongQucx,i
tng S.S., Quc v khanh (1934), Ton quyn c Quc x Ba Lan
(1939),bTonNurembergxthnh.
Frank:KarlHermannFrank(1898-1946),itngS.S.,chhuyQuc
xtiSudetenland,ThlnhS.S..vCnhstBohemiavMoravia,ralnh
tiuditlngLidice,sauchintranhbTipKhcxtreoccngkhai.
Friedrich i : tc Friedrich II (1712-1786) thuc Hong tc
Hohenzollern,vuancPh,tinthncachc.
Friedrich III (1657-1713): Tuyn hu tc ca Cng quc
Brandenburg,xnglmvuaFriedrichIcancPh.
Frick:WilhelmFrick(1877-1946),thamgiaBolonNhhngBia,i
biuNghvin(1924),BtrngNivvGiodccaBangThuringen,
BtrngNivc(1933-1936),Qucvkhanh(1936-1943),Boquc
caBohemiavMoravia(1943-1945),bTonNurembergxthnh.
Friedeburg:Hans-GeorgvonFriedeburg(1895-1945),ccpcao
(1945)cac,Tlnhlclngtungm(1943),TlnhHiqunc
cui cng trongTh chin II (1945), k vn kin u hng choQun i
ctrnchintrngBcuvcviMontgomery,tthaitunsau
-
.
Fritsch:Werner Freiherr von Fritsch (1880-1939), i tng cp cao
cac,TlnhLcqun(1935),bHimmlervGoeringtcolng
tnhluyninnbucphitchc(1938),cToanQunsDanhd
minhoan,ricgililmnhimvtrongQuningaytrckhiTh
chinIIbngn,ttrnBaLan(ltngcutinttrntrongTh
chinhai).
Fritzsche:HansFritzsche(1900-1953),giccchcvGimcCc
Bo ch Quc ni (1938), Gim c Cc Truyn thanh (1942) thuc B
ThngtinvTuyntruyn,cTonNurembergthabng,ribnt9
nmvtikhc.
Fromm:FriedrichFromm(1888-1945),itngcpcaocac,T
lnhDnqun(1939-1940),tuyralnhxt5ngimmumstHitler
ngy20thng7nm1944nhngvnbTonNhndnxbnvbkt
tikhngbocommungaytu.
Fuller: John Frederick Charles Fuller (1878-1966), Trung tng ca
Anh,sgiavnhchinlcquns,nuquanimmivviccgii
hoqunimtnglnhc,nhGuderian,vndngthnhcng.
Funk: Walther Emanuel Funk (1890-1960), B trng Kinh t c
(1937-1945), thay th Schacht lm Thng cNgn hngNh ncc
(1939-1943).BTonNurembergtuynntchungthn,ctrtdov
ldosckho(1957).
Gamelin:MauriceGustaveGamelin(1872-1958),ThngchcaPhp,
Tng Tham mu trng Qun i Php (1933-1940), c thay th bi
Weygand.
-
Gestapo:xemMtv.
Gibraltar:thucacaAnhphaNamTyBanNha,nmtrnEobin
GibraltarniiTyDngphaTyvaTrungHiphang,trong
Thchin II l cncquan trngchobbinhvHiqunAnhv c tc
dngkhngchtuthuynqualigiaiTyDngvaTrungHi.
Gisevius: Hans BerndGisevius (1904-1974), s quan cnh st chuyn
nghip,phtclcchonhmmmuchngHitler,khainhiuchititv
ccmmunytiTonNuremberg.
Gluecks:RichardGluecks(1889-1945),TrungtngWaffen-S.S.,Tng
Thanhtracctritptrung,ttsaukhiuhngcuiThchinIItrnh
barato.
Gobineau:Joseph-ArthurGobineau(1816-1882),nhngoigiaovnh
nhnchnghcngiPhp.Ttngcangtonhhngrnglntrong
vicphttrintipnilthuytchngtcvpdngnhnglthuytny
vohnhng.
Godesberg (hocBadGodesberg): ni ngh dng nh c nhiu sui
ncnng,nmtrongBangNordrhein-Westfalencac,trnbtysng
Rhine,hinthucthnhphBonn.
Goerdeler: Carl FriedrichGoerdeler (1884-1945), Th trng Leipzig
vTrng banVt gi nhng xin t c hai chc nm1936, thamgia m
muchngHitler,cchnhlmThtngcachmi,bQucx
btnm1944vnmsaubTonNhndnxthnh.
Gort: Lord Gort l tn gi thng dng ca John Standish Surtees
Prendergast Vereker (1886-1946), T tc x Gort, Thng ch ca Anh
(1943),TlnhLclngVinchinhAnhtiPhp(1939-1940),Thhin
-
Gibraltar(1941-1942),ThhinMalta(1942-1944).
Goebbels: Tin s Paul Joseph Goebbels (1897-1945), B trng B
Thng tinvTuyn truyn caQucx (1933).SaukhiHitler t st, gi
chcThtngctrongmtngy,chpthunvichstsuaconca
mnhritst.
Goering:HermannWilhelmGring(1893-1946),LnhtS.A.(1923),
ChtchNghvin(1932-1933),ChhuytrngMtvc(1934-1936),
B trngHngkhng,T lnhKhngqun(1935-1945),B trngc
mnh Ton quyn C quan K hoch Bn nm (1936), c ch nh l
ngikvLnhtkhiHitlercht(1941),ngiduynhtmangqunhm
caonht:Thngchch(1941),bTonNurembergtuynnthnh
nhngtttrckhibthihnhn.
Greim: Robert Ritter von Greim hoc Robert Greim (1892-1945),
ThngchcuicngcaQucx(1945),nhnnhimvtilpKhngqun
cmtcchlnlttrnhshnchcaHocVersailles(1933),Ch
huytrngTrngotophicngchinu(1934),TlnhKhngqun
c(1945),bqunMbtritt.
Gris-Nez:xemDover.
Groener: Wilhelm Groener (1867-1939), Tng cc trng Tng cc
Hucn(1918),BtrngQucphng(1928-1932)kimBtrngNiv
(1931-1932).
Grozny(hocGroznyy):thnhphphaNamcaLinXbygi,gn
btybinCaspi,phaBcdyniCaucasus,cnhiumdu,hinlth
phcancCnghoChechnya.
Guderian: HeinzWilhelm Guderian (1888-1954), i tng cp cao
-
(1940)cac,ccholngikhixngChintranhsmst.Tlnh
Qun onXIXThit gip nhBa Lan (1939) v Php (1940), T lnh
QunonXIXThitgiptinnDunkirk,TlnhiQunonThit
gipGuderian(mangtnng)nhLinX(1941),bcchchcvralnh
rtluimkhngcphp,cgitrlilmTngThanhtraBinhchng
Thitgip(1943)riThammutrngLcqun(1941),rilimtchcv
bt ng kin vi Hitler (1945). Tuy khng c thng ln Thng ch
nhngGuderianvncxemlmttrongnhngtnglnhtigiinht
ca c Quc x. Sau Th chin II, ng khng phi ra trc To n
Nuremberg chu xt x v c cho lmt qun nhn chuyn nghip,
nhngvnltbinhcaMchonlcctrtdo(1948).
Grtner:FranzGrtner(1881-1941),BtrngTphpBangBavaria
(1922),ngmhtrHitlertrongphintoxvBolonNhhngBia,B
trngTphpclintctrongccChnhphcaPapen,Schleicherv
Hitler.
Habsburg: vng triu ca cc hong tr v quc LaM thn
thnhvquco-Hungary t thkXVnu thkXX,v trong
nhiu thi im khc nhau ngi ca dng hHabsburg cng l vua cc
ncHungary,TyBanNha,BoNha.Hongcuicngcavng
triu l Hong Charles I ca o kim Vua Charles IV ca Hungary
(1916-1918).
Halder: FranzRitter vonHalder (1884-1972),i tng cp cao ca
c(1940),ni tingv tihochnhchin thuthnhqun,Thammu
trngLcqun(1938-1942),sonthokhochnhquaBaLan(1939)
v cc k hoch tin cng Php, Bcu v vngBalkans (1940).V bt
ngkinviHitler,bgingchc lmsquanDnqun(1942),bbt
-
giam(1944)tuykhngdnhlunmmumstHitler,richnhthcb
khaitrkhiQunic(1945).SauThchinIIlmcvnlchsqun
schoQuniM,cTng thngM JohnF.Kennedy tng thng
HunchngTdo,lhunchngdnscaoqunhtcaM.
Halifax:EdwardFrederickLindleyWoodHalifax(1881-1959),thng
cgilLordHalifax,NgoitrngAnh(1938-1940),givaitrquan
trngtrongvicmphnchoHipcMunich,isAnhtiM(1941-
1946).
Hanfstaengl: Ernst Franz Sedgwick Hanfstaengl (1887-1975), c cha
ngicvmngiM,bnthncaHitler,giptichnhchovic
xutbncunschMeinKampf,choQucxvaytinlmtbong,
lmTrngbanBochNcngoicangQucx,thamgiaBolon
NhhngBia,trvM(1942)lmcvnchoChnhphMvcQuc
x.
HangSi:xemRastenburg.
Hanke:Karl-AugustHanke(1903-1945),ThngchS.S.(1945),Xu
QucxvngHSilesia(1940-1945),LnhtS.S.thaythHimmler(1941)
theodichccaHitler,bqunkhngchinBaLanhocTipKhcbtv
xt.
Hase:KarlPaulImmanuelvonHase(1885-1944),Thiutngcac,
T lnhQun khuBerlin (1940-1944), thamgia vo v m st htHitler
ngy20thng7nm1944,bTonNhndnxthnh.
Hassell:UlrichvonHassell(1881-1944),isc(1932-1938),
mttrongnhngngilnhochchtvnngngcanhmmmu
chngHitler,bMtvbtvxt.
-
Hausser: Paul Hausser (1880-1972), i tng cp cao caWaffen-
S.S.,TlnhQunonIIThitgipS.S.thamgianhiutrnnhchin
trngphang ri chin trngphaTy,T lnhiQunonTh
ByThitgipS.S. trnchin trngphaTy,b thng t lu trckhi
chintranhktthc.
Hcha:EmilHcha(1872-1945):TngthngTipKhc(1938-1039),
Tng thng(trndanhngha)caXBohBohemiavMoravia (1939-
1945), b ngi Tip bt nh a ra xt x trc to, nhng qua i
trc.
Haakon(1872-1957):VuaHaakonVIIcaNaUy(1905-1957),emtrai
vuaChristianXcaanMch,khicxmchimNaUy,lnhocuc
khngchintronghaithng,riinAnhcmuchnhquynluvong,
trvNaUynm1945.
HnhlangBaLan:ditdc theosngWistlachonbinBaltic,
trcThchin I thucchc,cHocVersailles ct choBa
Lannhmtochoncnyli thngthngrabinnhngtchring
Phrakhiphncn licancckhinchongicrtbtmn.
HnhlangBaLanlmttrongnhngvnchnhdnnThchinII.
Hegel:GeorgWilhelmFriedrichHegel(1770-1831),tritgiactheo
ng li l tng, c xem l mt trong nhng nh t tng c nh
hngsurngnhttrongthkXIX,cngtonhhngnchthuyt
caFriedrichEngelsvKarlMarx.
Heimeyer: August Heimeyer (1897-1979), i tng cp cao S.S.
(1936),TrngbanGiodccaS.S.b n tmi tm thng (1948),b
TonBitrQucxtuynthmnt3nm(1950).
Helldorf: B tcWolf-HeinrichGraf vonHelldorf (1896-1944),Ch
-
huytrngCnhstBerlin(1935),thamgiammumstHitler,bTo
nNhndnxthnh.
Henderson: Nevile Meyrick Henderson (1882-1942), i s Anh ti
c (1937-1939), linhmt thitnchnh schxoaduHitler caTh
tngAnhChamberlain.
Henlein: Konrad Henlein (1898-1945), th lnh ng Ngi c
Sudeten (1933), i tng S.S., X u kim Cao u vng Sudetenland
(1939-1945), Ch tch Hi ng Hnh chnh X Bo h Bohemia v
Moravia(1939),tttrongtrigiamcaQuniM.
Hess: Walter Richard Rudolf Hess (1894-1987), Trung u phi cng
trongThchinI,PhLnhtngQucx,thamgiaBolonNhhng
Biarivo tcngviHitler,ghichp liquynMeinKampf, t limy
baysangScotlandlmtrunggianmphnhobnh(1941).Sauvvic
ny,HitlerbibchcdanhPhLnht.HessbTonNurembergtuyn
n t chung thn, l ti phmchin tranh cui cng caQucxb giam
trongnhtSpandaucangminhTyBerlin,quaivtt.Nhiu
sgiavlutgiachorngntlunmcaHesslkhngcngminh.
Heusinger:AdolfHeusinger(1897-1982),Trungtng(1943)cac,
QuynThammutrngLcqunlcxyravmstHitler(20thng7
nm1944),dcchngclinhvinhmmmucthabngnhng
khngcgichcvna,sauchin tranh lmi tngCh tchHi
ngQunsNATO(1961-1964).
Heydrich: Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (1904-1942), i tng
S.S.,Chhuy trngMtvc (1936-1939),GimcCquanRSHA
(1939-1942), Quyn Bo quc Bohemia v Moravia (1941-1942), l mt
trongnhngnhnvtchchtchhuycucditchng,bqunkhngchin
-
TipKhcmst.
HinchngiTyDng:doHoaKvAnhcngcngb,c
Tng thng Roosevelt v Th tng Churchill k ngy 14 thng 8 nm
1941,numtsnguyntcchungtrongchnhschcahaincthihu
chin.Hai nc tuyn b khng tmkim lnh th, cng nhn quyn ca
midntccchnthchChnhphchoringmnhvkhngbpt
vbingii,quyncaccbnthngvbitrongcucchinctipcn
vi tinguyncaTrit,xcnhnscn thitphigii trqunb
Hi ngh ngy1 thng1 nm1942 triu tp 26 quc gia chngPheTrc
tuynbtuntheochngtrnhhnhngvnhngnguyntctrongHin
chngiTyDng,tlmnntngthnhlpLinhipqucnm
1945.
Hinphp:trongschnychyuchbnHinphpcchiulc
trongthigian1919-1933,doHinghibiunhndnsonrathnh
phWeimar(vthctnthngdnglHinphpWeimar).Hinphpny
quynhncctheochcnghonghvin,tyraiCngho
c.HinphpnyvnmangtachnhthclVerfassungdesDeutschen
Reichs (Hinphp ca chc) gingnh ta cabnHinphp c
hiulctrongthigian1871-1919.
HipcBabn(27thng9nm1940):ckktgiaNht,c
v,cngclinminhcaPheTrc,mtiukhonquynhhtrln
nhauvchnhtr,qunsvkinhtkhimtncbtncng.
HipcChngtamQuct(25thng11nm1936):ckkt
giacvNhtngy25 thng11nm1936, thamgianm1937, to
linminhtrongPheTrc.HipcnhmchngCngsnquctnichung
vLinXniring,tuysaunykhimphnviLinX,cphnhn.
-
Nm1941,Hipcctixcnhn,lnnycthmHungary,TyBan
Nha,Mn Chu quc, Bulgaria, Croatia, anMch, Phn Lan, Rumania,
SlovakiavchNamKinhcaQucdnng.
HipcThp(22thng5nm1939):tnchnhthclHipcHu
nghvLinminhgiaPhtxtvQucxc,quynhhtrquns
khimtbnbtncng.
HipcLocarno(16thng10nm1925):gmcbyHipcc
kthnhphLocarnocaThuSnhmcngcmianninhTyu
(nhquynhngbingiivthnhlpvngtrunglp).Anh,BaLan,
B,c,Php,TipKhcvkvocchipcny.
Hip cMunich: Hip c nhm gii quyt cuc khng hong v
vngtSudetenland,ckktngy29 thng9nm1938giaHitler,
Th tng Anh Chamberlain, Th tng Php Daladier v Lnh t
Mussolinica.TipKhcphigiaochoc30.000kmlnhth.
HipcQucx-LinX (23 thng 8 nm 1939): cn c gi l
Hip cMolotov-Ribbentrop, c tn chnh thc l Hip cBt tng
xmgiacvLinbangXVit,Nghnhthbmtnhkmquy
nhccncPhnLan,Estonia,Latvia,LithuaniavRumaniathucvng
nhhngcaLinX,haincngchianhauBaLan.
Himmler: Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (1900-1945), Thng ch S.S.
(1933),lmttrongnhngnhnvtcthlcnhtcacQucx,Lnh
tLclngS.S.(1929-1945),ChhuytrngCnhstc(1936-1945),
B trngNiv (1943-1945),cmnhTonquynHnhchnh (1943-
1945),TlnhLclngDnphng(1944-1945),sauchintranhtmcch
linhvingminhmphnhobnhnhngb tchi, chy trn
nhngvnbqunAnhbt,tttrckhibxtx.
-
Hindenburg: Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von
Hindenburg(1847-1934), thngcbitdi tnPaulvonHindenburg,
Thng ch (1914) cac, trongTh chin I l TngThammu trng
Qunlcc,TngthngCnghoc(1925-1934).
Hitler:AdolfHitler (1889-1945), Lnh t ca lc lng S.A. (1930),
Thtngc(1933-1945),LnhtvThtngch(1934-1945),T
lnhticaoQunlckimBtrngChintranh(1938-1945),TlnhLc
qun(1941-1945).
Hotacker:CaesarvonHotacker(1896-1944),itc,squantham
mudiquynStuelpnagel, thamgiavmustHitlerngy20 thng7
nm1944,khuyndRommelcngthamgia,nhngkhibMtvbtv
tratnkhairangny,bTonNhndnxthnh.
Hoepner: Erich Hoepner (1886-1944), i tng cp cao (1941) ca
c,T lnhiQunonThTThit gipnhLinX (1941), ra
lnhluiqunsaukhibnhbtraMoscownnbcchchc(1942),ct
tngchngiHitler,lclngdiquyncgiaonhimvchngtr
S.S.saukhimstHitler(1938),mmuthtbinhngngkhngbpht
gic,cngcandvommumstHitlerngy20thng7nm1944,ln
nybMtvtreoc.
Hohenzollern: dng h bt ngun t cc Hip s Teuton ca ngi
Junker,nichungtrvccncPh,cvRumaniatthkXVI,ni
ringchbahongtrvchcgnynht:WilhelmI(trv1871-
1888),FriedrichIII(trv1888),WilhelmII(trv1888-1918).
Hoth:HermannHoth(1885-1971),itngcpcao(1943)cac,
T lnhiQunonThBaThitgipnhLinX (1941),T lnh
iQunonThTThitgipbaovyStalingrad(1942)vnhTrn
-
Kursk, b Hitler cch chc v tht bi Stalingrad (1943), b To n
Nurembergtuynmilmnmtgiam,ctrtdonm1954.
HocSaint-Germain(10thng9nm1919):hocgiamtbn
l ccncngminhchin thngThchin Ivbnkia lo,xob
vngquyno-Hungary, thnh lpncCnghoo.Lnh thca
qucocbctchoTipKhc,NamT,BaLan,Rumaniav.
HocVersailles (28 thng6nm1919):hocgiacvcc
ncngminh,chnhthcchmdtThchinI,quynhcgiaomt
svngtchoPhp,B,anMch,BaLan,bithngchintranhvgii
trqunb.
HocWestphalia(tingAnh:PeaceofWestphalia):mtshoc
nhmchmdtChintranhBaminm,chyulHocTyBanNha
ngy 30 thng 1 nm 1648 chm dt chin tranh v ho c ngy 24
thng10nm1648giaHongFerdinandIIIcaqucLaM thn
thnh,mt shong thnngic, cngPhpviThuin.Hoc
Westphaliacccsgiaghinhnlctmcbtuknguynlchs
hini.
HingBang(tingc:Reichsrat):gmibiuccbangcac,
c quyn ph quyt d tho lut do Ngh vin thng qua, tng t nh
ThngvinM,bHitlergiitnnm1934.
Hoess:RudolfFranzFerdinandH(1900-1947):TrungtS.S.,chhuy
tritptrungAuschwitz,bBaLanxthnh.
Hun chng Ch thp st (ting c: Eisemes Kreuz): ch ban
thng trong thigianchin tranhchocng trng trnchin trng.Gm
cccpsau:
-
ChthpSt,gm2cp:hngNh(trongsutThchinIItraocho2,3triungi),hngNht(traochokhong300.000ngi).Ch thp Hip s ca Ch thp st (ting c: Ritterkreuz desEisemenKreuzes)hocChthpHips(tingc:Ritterkreuz)tngthngchincngxutchng,cchiara5cp.Tngcngc7.313ngictraotng,ringcpcaonhtchc1ngilphicng anh hng.Khi cp nHun chng ny, sch nguyn tcthngkhngghircpno.iThptcaChthpst: cpcaonht,cdnh ringchoGoering.
Hugenberg:xemngNhndnQucgiac.
Hull:CordellHull (1871-1955),B trngNgoigiaoHoaK(1933-
1944).
Huntziger: Charles Huntziger (1880-1941), i tng ca Php, T
lnhiQunonThHairiTponqunThTtiArdennes,m
phnvkhipnhnhchinvicv(1849),chtv tainnmy
bay.
Iberia:bnobaogmTyBanNha,BoNhavGibraltarTy
Namchuu,ngncchvilcachuubidyniPyrnes.
Istria: bno IstriangNamchuunhn rabinAdriatic, sau
Th chin I c giao cho (mHitler c yu sch phi nhng cho
c),sauThchinIImtphncgiaochoNamT,hingimtphn
lTyBcncCroatiavmtphnlngNamncSloveniasaukhi
haincnylykhaikhiNamT.
Jeckeln:FriedrichJeckeln(1895-1946),itngS.S.(1936),chhuy
S.S.vcnhstcLinX,bLinXaraxtxrithihnhnt
-
hnhtrongvngmtngy.
Jeschonnek: Hans Jeschonnek (1899-1943), i tng cp cao ca
c,ThammutrngKhngqun(1939-1943),tttrnhHitlertrng
phtvkhngngncncKhnglcHonggiaAnhnhphc.
Jessen:JensPeterJessen(1895-1944),Gioskinhthctiihc
Berlin,mttrongnhngbccanhmmmuchngHitler,ngvin
Qucxnhitthnhtrongthigian1931-1933vlmttrongsttrthc
thtscang,sautanvotngvtrthnhngichngQucx
mnhm,bhnhquytsauvmstHitlerngy20thng7nm1944.
Jodl:AlfredJodl(1890-1946),itngcpcaocac,Thammu
trngHnhquncaBChhuyTicaoQunlctrongsutThchinII,
thaymtchoDoenitzkbnuhngviukin.TiTonNuremberg,
ngtuynbkhngctitrcThng,trclchsvdntcti,
nhngvnbxthnh,ricTonBitrQucxcacxoti
v phc hi danh d (1953) da trn lun c ca Thm phn Henri
DonnedieudeVabrestiTonNuremberg.
Junge:TraudlJunge,nhdanhGertrudeHumps(1920-2002),mttrong
ccthkcaHitlertnm1942,nhmybnTuyncoChnhtrvdi
chccaHitlercngtuyncocaGoebbels.
Junker:giaicpachqutcPhvminngqucLaM
thnthnhtthkXInthkXIII.Hohenzollernlmtdnghquan
trngcaJunker.NhnghuduJunkerni tinglThtngBismarck,
TngthngHindenburg,ThngchRundstedt,itngLossow,vnhng
ngitrongnhmcaClausvonStauffenbergmmumstHitler.
Kahr:GustavvonKahr(1862-1934):ThhinBangBavaria,mttrong
tamuchlnhoBavariakhixyracucBolonNhhngBia,bst
-
hitrongvThanhtrngmmungy30thng6nm1934.
Kaltenbrunner:ErnstKaltenbrunner (1903-1946),i tngS.S.,ch
huy lc lngS.S.,o(1935),GimcCquanRSHA(1942-1945),
ThlnhS.S.vCnhstDonau,vinchcS.S.,caocpnhtsngstsau
chintranh,bTonNurembergxthnh.
Kammler:TinsHansFriedrichKarlFranzKammler(1901-1945?),
itngS.S.,ginhiunhimvquantrngnhthitktritptrungv
lthiungigncuiThchinIIccchhuyChngtrnhtnla
V-2,mttungtchnm1945.
Keitel: Wilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel (1882-1946), Thng
ch(1940)cac,ThammutrngBChhuyTicaoQunlc(1938-
1945),bTonNurembergxthnh.
Keppler: Wilhelm Keppler (1882-1960), ngi khi xng lp nn
nhmBnhucaLnhtS.S.,tcHimmler,lmcvnringchoHitler
vkinhtccchhuytonbngvinQucxo(1936),is
tio(1938),cHimmlergiaoqunlnhngnhmyLinXvBa
LanbS.S.tchthu,ThtrngNgoigiao,bTonNurembergpht10
nmt,ctrtdonm1951.
Kerensky: Aleksandr Fyodorovich Kerensky (1881-1970), Th tng
caChnhphlmthiNgasaukhivngtriubltnm1917,nhng
bquniphni.ngmuntrnpngBolshevikcaLeninnhng
tht bi. V khng th ci thin tnh hnh kinh t v qun s ti t, phe
Bolshevikcchi thit lpnhngtchcXVitkhinchoChnhph
cang lung lay.ngcngb ccnhmbohongv chngCchmng
chngi.Cuicng,ngBolshevikginhchnhquynvothng10nm
1917.KerenskyothotquaParis.
-
Kesselring: Albert Kesselring (1881-1960), Thng ch Khng qun
(1940)cac,ThammutrngKhngqun(1936-1937),Tlnhi
Qun on S 1Khng qun nhBaLan, T lnhiQun on s 2
Khng qun nh Php (1940), T lnh min Nam ch huy mi n v
KhngqunaTrungHivBcPhi(1941),TngTlnhMttrnpha
TyNamchhuy ton lc lngc(1943),TngT lnhMt trn
phaTyriTngTlnhMt trnphaNam(1945).SauThchinIIb
Anhqucktnthnhvtigitqunkhngchinnhngbnnbphn
imnhmvthiuchngc,ctrtdovldosckho(1952).
Kharkiv:thnhphlnthhaicaUkraine,trongThchinIIbc
chim3ln,cuicngcgiiphngngy23thng8nm1943.
Khngon:xemnvkhngqun.
Kleist:PaulLudwigEwaldvonKleist (1881-1954),Thngch (1943)
cac,T lnhiQunonvonKleistThitgipnhPhp(1940),
T lnh i Qun on Th Nht Thit gip nh Nam T v Hy Lp
(1941),TlnhTponqunAnhLinX(1942),b tcquynch
huykhiralnhchoiQunonThTmrtlui(1944),bLinXtuyn
n10nmt(1952), ltnglnhcqunhmcaonhtcacquai
trongnhtcaLinX.
Kluge:GunthervonKluge(1882-1944),Thngch(1940)cac,T
lnhiQunonThTmnhBaLan(1939)rinhPhp(1940),T
lnhTponqunTrungtmnhLinX(1942),TngTlnhMttrn
phaTy (1944), c lincanphnnonmmumstHitlerngy20
thng7nm1944,ttkhibitbHitlernghing.
Koch:ErichKoch(1896-1986),XuQucxngPh(1928-1945),
CaouUkraine (1941-1944)cngbaogmBaLan,sauchin tranhbBa
-
Lantuynnthnhnhngkhngbthihnhn.
Kramer:JosefKramer(1906-1945),iuS.S.,chhuytritptrung
Bergen-Belsen,sauchintranhbxthnh.
Krebs:HansKrebs(1898-1945),itngLcqunc,Thammu
trng cc tp on qun khc nhau (1942-1045), Thammu trngLc
quntrongnhngtunlcuicngcacucchin,ttkhiqunNgatin
voBerlin.
Krosigk: JohannLudwigGrafSchwerinvonKrosigk(1887-1977),B
trngTichnhctipniquaNicccaPapen,SchleichervHitler
(1932-1945),BtrngNgoigiao(1945),cTngthngKarlDoenitz
clmThtngiunhvicngngbnvingminh(1943)nhng
vnbbtgichonkhicnxnm1951.
Kubizek:August(Gustl)Kubizek(1888-1956),bnthnvsngcng
phngtrviHitlerVienna,cQucxthuvitvthi tui trca
mnhcngviHitler (1938)v choxutbn cun sch (1953)vi ta
AdolfHitler,meinJugendfreund(AdolfHitler,ngibn thi trca ti).
Nhiusgiachorngcunschnykhngctrungthc.
Kurusu:SaburoKurusu(1886-1954),isNhttic(1939-1941)
kktHipcBabn,csNhttiHoaK(1941)khiNhtkhngkch
TrnChuCng.
Kuechler: Georg Karl Friedrich Wilhelm von Kchler (1881-1968),
Thngchcac(1942),TlnhiQunonThMiTmnhH
LanvPhp (1940),T lnhTponqunBcnhLeningrad thay th
Leeb(1942),mtchckhiLinXphncng(1944),bTonNuremberg
tuyn 20 nm t, nhng ch ngi t 8 nm th c tr t do v gi yu
(1953).
-
Kiev(tngclKyyiv):thnhphthphcatnhUkraine,nmbn
bsngDniepr,hingilthncUkraine.
Ladoga:HLadoga,nmminccBcncNga,xncvosng
NevachyquathnhphLeningrad.
Lammers:HansLammers (1879-1962),TinsLut, chuyngiaLut
Hin php,i tngS.S.Danh d,B trngVn phngTh tng, l
trungtmchoccmilinlcvthamvnlutphp,bTonNuremberg
tuyn20nmt,nhngcgimnvtrtdonm1951.
Latvia:hingi lnccnghongBcchuu,nm trnb
binBaltic.TrcThchinII,Latvialncclp,spnhpvoLin
Xnm1940,vtrlithnhncclptnm1991.
Laval:PierreLaval(1883-1945),ThtngkimBtrngNgoigiao
Php(1935-1939),saukhicnhthngPhp,lmPhThtngtrong
chnhquynVichy(1939-1940), li lmTh tngdocspt (1942-
1945),hptcchtchviQucx,bthnhsauThchinII.
LeHavre: thnhphminTyBcPhp,nmtrnbbinManche
casngSeine,cchEobinDoverkhong200kmvphaNam.
Leeb: Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb (1876-1956), Thng ch (1940) ca
c,TlnhTponqun2chimTipKhc(1938),TlnhTpon
qunCnhPhp,T lnhTponqunBcbaovyLeningradnhng
khngchimc thnhphny,v thb tcquynch huy (1941)v
khng cHitler trng dng na, b To nNuremberg tuyn 3 nm t
nhngctrtdosauphinxvbgiamquthigianny.
Leningrad: thnhph ln thhaivcngbin lnnhtcaLinX,
nmtrnvngccBcuvnhPhnLan(mtnhnhcabinBaltic),
-
baotrmcasngNeva,hinnaymangtnclSankt-Peterburg.
Ley:RobertLey(1890-1945),TinsHohc,ChtchMttrnLao
ngc(1933),thnhlpviuhnhchngtrnhScmnhquaVui
chi (ting c: Kraft durch Freude), Ch tchMt trn Lao ng c
(1933-1945), bTo nNuremberg truy t nhng t t trong t trc khi
phinxdinra.
Lin bang Bc c (ting c: Norddeutscher Bund): th ch trong
giaion1867-1870doBismarckthnhlp,gm22nc,trongVng
quc Ph l nc ch o, viBismarck lmTh tng v vua Ph lm
Tngthng,sautrthnhquccvtonnmngcancc
chonngynay.
Lindbergh: CharlesA. Lindbergh (1902-1974), ngiM, ngi u
tin thc hin chuyn bay thng qua i Ty Dng, t thnh ph New
YorknParisngy20thng5nm1927,saucphongqunhmi
tKhngvnTrb.
Lipski:JzefLipski(1894-1958),isBaLantic(1933-1939).
List: SiegmundWilhelmvonList (1880-1971),Thng ch (1940) ca
c,TlnhiQunonThMiBnBaLan(1939),Tlnhi
Qun onThMiHai Php vHyLp (1939-1941),TngT lnh
Mt trn ng Nam (1941-1942), T lnh Tp on qun A Lin X
(1942),bTonNurembergxchungthn(1948),ctrtdovldo
sckho(1952).
Lithuania:hingilmtncCnghongBcchuu,gip
vincLatviavhngBc,ncBelarusvhngngvNam,Ba
LanvNgavhngngNam,binBalticvhngTy.SauThchin
I,Lithuanialncclp,bLinXspnhpnm1940vtrlithnh
-
ncclptnm1991.
Litvinov:MaksimMaksimovichLitvinov(1876-1951),ChnhuNgoi
giaoLinX(1930-1939),isLinXtiM(1941-1943).
Lord: trongschny l txnght trc tnngiAnhcphm
cpqutcbccao.
Lossow:OttovonLossow(1868-1938),itngc,chhuyquns
bangBavaria,lmttrongtamuchLnhoBavariakhixyracuc
BolonNhhngBia(1923).
LutNuremberg:Lutbanhnhnm1935,tngiDoThingoi
vngphplut:tcquctchc,khngcholmcngnhnvinchcv
gianhpquni,huqulphnlnngiDoThibmtvicvc
ngic ang tht nghip vo th ch. LutNuremberg cng cm hn
nhnvquanhngoihnnhngiahaichngtcDoThivAryan.
Lut Ti lp ch (ting c: Gesetz ber den Neuaufbau des
Reichs):Lutbanhnhngy30 thng1nm1934,binchCngho
cphnquynthnhmtncTrungngtpquyn,giitnNghvin
quc gia, t bmy hnh chnh quc gia di s kim sot ca bmy
hnhchnhchThBa.
LutTraoquyn(tingc:Ermchtigungsgesetz),doNghvinc
thngquangy23thng3nm1933,chnhthcchophpHitlercaitrbng
sclnh.
Ludendorff: Erich Ludendorff (1865-1937), i tng cac, Ch
nhimTngccHucn(trnthctlnhnvtsHaicaQunic)
diquynHindenburgtrongThchinI,ibiuNghvin(1924-1928).
ThamgiacucBolonNhhngBia.Nm1935,Hitlerphongqunhm
-
Thngchnhngngtchi.Khingquai,Hitlerralnhtchcquc
tang.
Ludin:HannsLudin(1905-1947),itngS.S.(1943)cac,rato
nqunsvtituyntruynchoQucxchngch(1930),isc
tiSlovakia(1941),bTipKhcxthnh.
Lueger:KarlLueger(1844-1910),chnhtrgiavThtrngthnhph
Vienna(1897-1910),cchnhschbiDoThivphnbitchngtc.
Luther: Martin Luther (1483-1546), nh thn hc c khi xng
PhongtroCicchc,ctmnhhngsurngttngionchnh
tr,kinht,giodcvngnng,khinchongtrthnhmttrongnhng
nhnvtquantrngnhttronglchscnichuu.Lngicccit
tngio,ngkchtnhtrngsuyicaCnggiothiTrungc.Ch
thuytLutheran,dndmrngthnhGiohi*,lmlunglaysthngtr
caCng gio chuu vm ng cho vic pht trinGio hi Tin
lnh.
LclngVinchinhAnh:nvcbitdoAnhthnhlpchin
uchuutThchinI,nnm1939ciuntrnngvng
bingiiPhpB.Lcny,lclnggmc10sonbbinhct
chc thnh3qunon,mt lon thitgipvmtphionbitphi
gmkhong500mybay.
LclngTdo(tingc:Freikorps):nhnglclngbnquns
tnhnguynraisauThchinIc,thpcuchinbinh,ckhuynh
hngccHu,chngCngsn,vthcQunicsdngn
pbiu tnhhocochnhcacnhT(Cngsn,chnhquynXVit,
nhmSpartakist).NhiuthnhvincaLclngTdogianhpng
Quc x ri tr thnh lnh o cp cao ca Quc x (nh Bormann,
-
Himmler,Kammler,RudolfHess,Roehm,HugoSperrie,GregorStrasser),
TipKhc,clpLclngTdoSudetencnhnghotngtng
tgyri,toldobinminhtrckhixmchimTipKhc.
Lyme: vnh vng ccNamAnh quc, pha bn kia lCherbourg ca
PhpnhnquabinManche.
Maas:xemMeuse.
Maikop: hocMaykop, thnhph cnhiumduminTyNam
ncNga,cchRostov290kmvphaNam,raBcdyniCaucasus.
Malta: qun o nc Cng ho nm gia a TrungHi, v a l
thucchuPhinhngvachnhtrthucNamchuu.
Manstein:ErichvonManstein(1887-1973),Thngch(1942)cac
dkhngphi lngvinQucx,nusngkinnhPhpxuynqua
Ardennes to bt ng (1940), T lnhiQun on ThMiMt
chimCrimea (1941) ri nh Leningrad (1942), T lnh Tp on qun
DongiicuiQunonThSucaPaulusStalingradnhngthtbi
(1943), T lnh Tp on qun Nam ti chimKharkiv (1943), b Hitler
cch chc ri ngh hu (1944), sau Th chin II b n 18 nm t (1949)
nhngsaukhingit4nmthctrtdovldosckho,cTh
tngTycAdenauerclmcvnquns.
Manteuffel:HassovonManteuffel,itng(1944)cac,Tlnh
i Qun on Th Nm Thit gip trong cc trn nh Ardennes v
Bastogne (1944),T lnhiQunonThBaThitgip trnmt trn
phang(1945),uhngngminhrictrtdo(1947).
Masaryk:TomGarrigueMasaryk(1850-1937),Tngthngutin
caCnghoTipKhc(1920-1930).
-
Masaryk: Jan Masaryk (1886-1948), con trai ca Tom Garrigue
Masaryk, i s Tip Khc ti Anh (1925-1938), B trng Ngoi giao
trong Chnh ph Tip Khc lu vong v tip tc sau chin tranh (1940-
1948).
Matsuoka:YsukeMatsuoka(1880-1946),BtrngNgoigiaoNht
Bn(1940-1941).
MttrnLaongc:tchcdoHitlerthnhlpnm1933thay
thccnghipon,ChtchlTinsLey.
Mtv(GeheimeStaatspolizei,gi tt lGestapo): lclngcnhst
bmtcaS.S.,cthmnhimvthnhlpviuhnhtritptrung,cc
chhuytrnglDiels(1933-1934),Goering(1934-1936),Heydrich(1936-
1939),vHeinrichMueller(1939-1945).
Mcauliffe:AnthonyC.Mcauliffe(1898-1975),i tngcaM,khi
l Thiu tng Quyn T lnh S on Khng vn 101 b bao vy
Bastogne,trnnnitingvduynhtchNUTS(KHNG)ngdng
trlitihuthcaquncyucunguhng.
MeinKampf (tingc, c ngha Cuc tranh u ca ti): ta
cunschcaHitler,kthptiusvttngcaHitler.XemChng4.
Memel:vnglnh thccngcngtndcbbinBaltic, trcTh
chinIthucchc,cHocVersaillestchralxbohdi
quynkimsotcaHiQuc linnhm tong thng thng rabin
cho nc Lithuania mi c thnh lp, b Hitler thn tnh (1939), hin
thucncLithuania.
Meuse: sng Meuse bt ngun t ng Bc nc Php, chy qua
Verdun v Sedan n B, chy gia B v H Lan ( y sng c tn l
-
Maas)quaNemurrirabinBcMaastricht.
Miklas: WilhelmMiklas (1872-1956), Tng thng o (1928-38) cho
nkhiHitlerspnhpovoc.
Milch:ErhardMilch (1892-1972),Thng chKhngqun (1940) ca
c,lmvicchohnghngkhngLufthansatrckhicGoeringmi
lmThtrngBHngkhngxydngliKhngqunc(1933),
PhTlnhkimTngThanh traKhngqun(1938-1945),Ch tchHi
ngQun tr caLufthansa (1943), bTo nNurembergx chung thn
(1947),rictrtdo(1954).
Mirabeau:HonorGabrielRiquetiMirabeau(1749-1791),chnhkhch
ngiPhptheotroluCchmng,cbulmChtchQuchiPhp
nm1791,vquaimtthigianngnsau.
Model:OttoMoritzWalterModel(1891-1945),Thngch(1944)ca
c,tlnhmtqunonnhBaLan,TlnhQunonXXXXIThit
giptinncchMoscow20km(1941),TlnhiQunonThChn
(1942),T lnhTp on qunBc (1943),T lnhTpon qunNam
(1944)nhLinX,TngT lnhMt trnphaTykimT lnhTp
onqunB(1944),ttvnghThngchkhnguhng.
Molotov:VyacheslavMikhalovichMolotov(1890-1986),cnhtayphi
caStalin,ChtchHingdnbiuNgatcThtng(1930-1941),B
trngNgoigiao(1939-1949,1953-1957),PhThtng(1941-1957).
Moltke:BtcHelmuthJamesGrafvonMoltke(1907-1945),cmu
NhmKreisau,sonchngtrnhchnginhngkhngmunmst
Hitler,bhnhquytngy23thng1nm1945tuykhngcandvom
mu m stHitler ngy 20 thng 7 nm1944.Vo ngy 20 thng 7 nm
2004,bMoltkecminkhu tngnim (niStauffenbergbhnh
-
quyt)dlknimtrn60nm.
Montgomery: Bernard Law Montgomery (1887-1976), Thng ch
(1944) caAnh, nh bi Rommel ElAlamein (1942), ch huy cc lc
lngAnhvCanadatrnchintrngchuu(1944-1945).
Mussolini:BenitoMussolini(1883-1945),Thtngvlnhtcti
caPhtxt(1922-1943),thngcgitheotinglDuce(cngha
lnht)nnnhiungisdngtnyctronglinivvnbn.
trnhnhmlnvichcdanhchnhthcLnhtcaHitler,bndchny
dngtDucechMussolini.
Mueller:HeinrichMller(1900-19??),itngS.S.(1939),Chhuy
trngMt v thucC quanRSHA (1939-1945), gi vai tr quan trng
trongvicthtiungiDoThi,chhuyvictruylngnhmmmum
stHitler(1944),mttchsaukhiHitlertst.
Mueller: HermannMller (1876-1931), B trngNgoi giao (1919-
1920) v hai ln lmTh tng (1920, 1928-1930) ca ch Cng ho
c,kktHocVersaillesvicngvBtrngNgoigiao.
Mueller: Tin s Josef Mller (1898-1979), tham gia nhm m mu
chngHitler,bbtavotritptrung(1944)nhngthotcht.
Mueller:LudwigMller(1883-1945),cquanhviphongtroQuc
xtnhngnm1920,mangttngbiDoThimnhm,cbulm
GimmcchlnhoGiohichmi(1933),nghQuc
xncng,ttkhicthuatrn.
Munich(tngctheotingclMnchen):thnhphlnthbaca
c,thphcaBangBavaria.
NaUy:lmtphnlnhthcaanMchtrong4thkvcaThu
-
inthm1thkna,rimicclptnm1905,lcyHongt
CarlcaanMchcbulnlVuaHaakonVII.TlckhiuTh
chinIchonkhiThchinIIbngn,NaUyvnchtrngngtrung
lp.
Namur: thnhph thphca tnhcng tnminNamncB, l
nihplucahaiconsngSambrevMeuse.
Narvik:cngbinphaTyBcNaUy,quanhnmkhngbngbng
vgndnghilumGulfStream,vthngvaitrquantrngtrong
tuynnghnghicungcpqungstcaThuinchoc.
Naujocks:AlfredNaujocks(1911-196?),chhuyiqungidnglm
qunBaLantncngitruynthanhGleiwitzcacclyctin
cngBaLan,khimochoThchinII,sauchintranhothotkhitri
giamtinhnchintranhvmttchhn.
Neurath:Nam tcKonstantinFreiherrvonNeurath (1873-1956),B
trngNgoigiaoc(1932-1938),BoqucBohemiavMoravia(1939-
1943),bTonNurembergtuyn15nmt,ctrtdosmvldo
sckho(1953).
Nghvin:c (tingc:Reichstag, cngha:Nghvinch)
c thnh lp t thiqucLaM thn thnh,hindinchonnm
1945.Hin nay,Ngh vinc c tn lBundestag, nhng to nhNgh
vinvncgilReichstag.
Nibelungenlied:bsthiccatcgivdanhxuthinuthk
XIII,trnhbyhuynthoivlchscxacavngqucBurgundy,da
theoyRichardWagnersonbnonnhckch.
Niemoeller:FriedrichGustavEmilMartinNiemller(1892-1984),Hm
-
trngtungmtrongThchinI,thphongMcs(1931),thnhlpmt
chinhnhTinlnh(1934),quaylichngHitlernnbaratoxtxti
chng Nh nc (1937), ri b a vo tri tp trung (1938-1945), c
qunMgiicu.
Nietzsche: FriedrichWilhelmNietzsche (1844-1900), trit gia v nh
thngic.
Nomura: Kichisaburo Nomura (1877-1964), c Hi qun Nht
Bn,BtrngNgoigiao(1939-1940),isNhttiM(1941-1942).
Normandy(tngctheotingPhplNormandie):vngbbinmin
TyBcncPhpnhnrabinManche,triditCherbourgphaTyn
LeHavrephang,niqunngminhbgiiphngchuunm
1944.
Nuremberg (tn gc ting c l Nrnberg): thnh ph min Trung
Nam cac, trongTh chin II l ni din rai hi thng nin ca
ngQuc x, nm1935 l niQuc x ban hnhLutNuremberg tc
otccquyncngdncangiDoThi,tronghainm(1945-1946)l
nitchcTonNuremberg,cxydnglihontonsauchintranh.
Obersalzberg:xemBerchtesgaden.
Oder: sng di 912 km min Bc Trung chu u, chy qua Tip
Khc,BaLan hin nay ri ra binBaltic. TrcTh chin II, sngOder
chyqualnhthc,sau1945onhlucquynhlngbin
giic-BaLan.BerlincchsngOderimgnnhtkhong60km.
Odessa:thnhphbnbbcTyBcbinen,vothiThchinII
thucLinX,hinnaythucncUkraine.
Olbricht: Friedrich Olbricht (1888-1944), i tng Lc qun c,
-
Cc trngTng hp-Thanh tra thucBT lnh Lc qun,Cc trng
ngvin thucBChhuyTicaoQun lc, thamgiavmstHitler
ngy20thng7nm1944,bFrommxthnh.
Ohlendorf: Otto Ohlendorf (1907-1951), Trung tng S.S. (1944),
TrngphngAmtIII(Tnhbonib)thucRSHA(1943-1945),chhuy
icnhimDUkrainevCrimea(1941),bTonNurembergxt
hnh.
OKW:xemQunic.
Oshima:HiroshiOshima(1886-1975),Namtc,Thngtngis
Nht tic(1938-1939,1941-1945),sauchin tranhbn tchung thn
doticchintranh(1948)ricnx(1955).
Oster:HansOster (1887-1945),i tc,ph t chnhchoc
CanarisCcQunbo,cvaitrtchcctrongccmmuchngHitler,
bMtvcxthtccngviCanaristtuntrckhiThchinIIkt
thc.
Ott:EugenOtt(1889-1977),Thiutngc,TyvinQunsc
tiNht(??-1938),isctiNht(1938-1942).
Papen: Franz vonPapen (1879-1969),Th tngCng hoc thay
thBruening(1932-1932),ngitinnhimcaSchleicher,PhThtng
trongNiccHitler(1933-1934),Cngsctio(1934-1938),is
ctiThNhK(1939-1944),cTonNurembergthabng.
Pas-de-Calais: tn theo ting Php (ngi Anh gi l Dover) ca eo
binnibinManchehpnht(khong35km)giaPhpvAnh,bnPhp
l th trnCalais vMiGris-Nez, bnAnh l hai th trn Folkestone v
Dover.
-
Patton: George Smith Patton, Jr. (1885-1945), i tng (1945) ca
M,TlnhiQunonThBatrnmttrnphaTy(1944),qua
nitingvchinthutnhtnglcbngxethitgip.
Paulus: FriedrichWilhelm Ernst Paulus (1890-1957), Thammu ph
Lc qun c (1940), T lnh i Qun on Th Su nh Stalingrad
(1942),bHngqunbaovy,uhngLinXvigisaukhicthng
Thngch(1943),ctrvngcnm1953.
Peenemnde:thtrnngBcc,bnbbinBaltic,nicc
csphttrintnlaV-1vV-2.
Ptain: Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Ptain (1856-1951), cm
uchVichydischimngcac(1940-1944),sauThchin
IIbktnthnhricCharlesdeGaullegimcntchungthn.
PhmcpHipsTeuton:Phmcpqun scangicTeuton
cthnhlpvocuithkXII,knlpcncvngqucPh,vi
qunphcvkhinnntrngvchthpen,xydngmtlotthnhtr
vngchc, tyh tinhnhnhngcuc tncngchngccchng tc
Slav.nthkXIVHipsTeutontr thnhmt lc lnghngmnh,
thngtrnguvTrungu.Trongnhiuthk,hthntnhccdntc
Slavvgipngicmrnglnhthvphangu.VthQucx
xemHip sTeuton l tmgng sng, s dng hnh tng cc thnh tr
ngiTeutonnhlbiuhincholchsquangvinhcangic.
PheTrc:khiucbancchyulc,vNht,saucthm
Hungary,Rumania,BulgariavNamT.
Phion:xemnvkhngqun.
PhongtroCicch:cucCchmngtngiotrongGiohiCc
-
TyuvothkXVI,chmdtquynnngtithngcaGiohong
vkhiuchocchithnhTinlnh.Phongtronythayitondinli
sngthiTrungcTyu,mumtknguynmitronglchshin
i,ktqulquynlcvtisncagiiqutcphongkinvGiohi
ThinChaLaMsuygim,cchuynquaccthnhphntrungluv
vngquyn.Nhiu lnh thginhcc lpvchnh tr, tngiov
vnho.Cnglc,vicxobthchcaitrphongkingipthognhng
tribucvthngmidogioiutruynthngtra,mngchovic
phttrinchnghatbnhini(Xemthm:Luther).
PhngtuynMaginot:gmcngs,giaothngho,lctbngb
tngctthpdy,cvtrangviholcmnh,doPhpxydcng
bingiivic.
Ph(tngclPreuen):trcThchinIlvngquclnnhtv
hngmnh nht trong ch c, v th trong nhiu trng hp Ph
ngnghavic,vkhininvinhquangngytrccac,ngi
chaynhcnPh.SauThchinI,Phvnlbanglnnhtncc
vothiHitler,ngthphBerlin(cnglthcac).
Picardie:tnhminBccaPhp.
Pohl: Oswald Pohl (1892-1951), i tng Waffen-S.S. (1942), Cc
trngKinhtvHnhchnhcaS.S.(WVHA),thamgiathtiungiDo
Thitrongcctritptrung,bTonNurembergxthnh.
Popitz: Johannes Popitz (1884-1945), B trng Ti chnh ca Bang
Ph(1933),thamgiammuchngHitler,bMtvcbtvxt.
Posen(tngclPozna):thnhphminTyBaLan,sauThchinI
ngithucvBaLan.
-
Potsdam: thnhphminngBcncc, cgi tr lch s lin
quannqukhanhhngcangic.QucxchnPotsdamc
hnhlkhaimcNghvinminm1934nhmthhinsonktgia
th h lnh o c v Quc x. Potsdam cng l ni t chc Hi ngh
Potsdam lch s 1945giaTh tngAnhChurchill,Th tngLinX
StalinvTngthngMTruman.
PripethocPripyat:vngmlypharngngpncrnggn300
km, thuc lu vc sngPripet rng 100.000km, minTrungTy ca
Lin X trong Th chin II, hin gi nm gia Belarus v pha Bc v
UkrainevphaNam.
Qunic: Sau Th chin I, phn ng s quan v binh s trong
Qunichccgiing.Nm1919,Cnghoc thnh lp
Qunimi,nnm1921QuninyctnchnhthclReichswehr
(Qun Phng v ch) c c s 100.000 theo hn ch ca Ho c
Versaillesbaogmlcqunvmtttuchin,ringxethitgip,ipho
vmybayb cm.VHocVersailles cm thnh lpBTngTham
mu,clpramtcquangilTruppendienst(CquanBinhs),ngi
ngulHansvonSeecktcgilChhuyBanLnhoQuni
(1920-1926).
Bt u t 1935, qun ic c tn chnh thc lWehrmacht (Lc
lng Phng v), gm c cc qun chng Lc qun, Hi qun vKhng
qundiquynBTngThammuvBChintranh.BlomberglTng
ThammutrngQunlckimBtrngBChintranh.SaukhiTng
thngHindenburgquaithng8nm1934,AdolfHitlergichcTlnh
TicaoQunlcchonphtcht.SaukhiBlombergtchcnm1938,
BChin tranh b gii tn, thay vo l BCh huy Ti caoQun lc
-
(OberkommandoderWehrmachthocOKW)doHitlerchotrctip.C
cutchcnhsau:
BChhuyTicaoQunlc(OKW)
TrnlthuytBTlnhLcqundischhuycaOKW.Trn
thct,OKWchhuytrctipchintrngphangvOKHphtrch
chyuchintrngphaTy.
TlnhTicaoQunlcAdolfHitler(1935-1945)ThuscKarlDoenitz(1945)TngThammutrngQunlc(chcdanhc)ThngchPaulvonHindenburg(1933-1934)AdolfHitler(1934-1935)Thng ch Werner Eduard Fritz von Blomberg (1935-1938)ThammutrngBChhuyTicaoThngchWilhelmKeitel(1938-1945)
ThammutrngHnhqun,BChhuyTicaoitngcpcaoAlfredJodl(1939-1945)
ThammuphHnhqun,BChhuyTicaoTrungtngWalterWarlimont(1939-1944)
BTlnhLcqun(OKH)
TlnhLcqun:itngcpcaoWernervonFritsch(1935-1938)ThngchWalthervonBrauchitsch(1938-1941)AdolfHitler(1941-1945)ThngchFerdinandSchoerner(1945)
ThammutrngLcqun:
-
itngLudwigBeck(1935-1938)itngcpcaoFranzHalder(1938-1942)itngcpcaoKurtZeitzler(1942-1944)itngcpcaoHeinzGuderian(1944-1945)itngHansKrebs(1945)
BTlnhKhngqun(OKL)
TlnhKhngqun:ThngchchHermannGoering(1935-1945)ThngchRobertRittervonGreim(1945)
PhTlnhkimTngThanhtra:ThngchErhardMilch(1938-1945)
ThammutrngKhngqun:itngWaltherWever(1935-1936)ThngchAlbertKesselring(1936-1937)itngHans-JrgenStumpff(1937-1939)itngcpcaoHansJeschonnek(1939-1943)itngGnterKorten(1943-1944)itngWernerKreipe(1944)itngKarlKoller(1944-1945)
BTlnhHiqun(OKM)
TlnhHiqun:ThuscErichRaeder(1928-1943)ThuscKarlDoenitz(1943-1945)ccpcaoHans-GeorgvonFriedeburg(1945)ccpcaoWalterWarzecha(1945)
ThammutrngHiqun:
-
cOttoGroos(1931-1934)cGntherGuse(1934-1938)cOttoSchniewind(1938-1941)cKurtFricke(1941-1943)cWilhelmMeisel(1943-1945)
Qunhm:tngdchthuttuchungcsdngnhsau*:
Trncptng:
LcquncThngchAnh (FieldMarshal)vPhp (Marchal),ccThngchch(Reichsmarschall,duynhtGoeringmangqunhmny)v Thng ch (Generalfeldmarschall), M c Thng tng (General of theArmy),LinXc3cpnguynsoimschnguynbnkhngghircpno: i Nguyn soi Lin bang X Vit ( ,duynhtStalinmangqunhmny),NguynsoiLinbangXvit(),vNguynsoibinhchng(aacaKhngqun,Phobinh,Thitgip,Thngtin,Kthut).HiqunccncAnh,c,LinX,MvPhpucThusc.
Cptng:
LcqunvKhngqunccncAnh,M*, LinX, Php u c 4 cptngngviitng,Thngtng,TrungtngvThiutngcaQuniVitNam.ccbacp tng,v thc thxemnhkhngcthng tng. Cn c thmi tng cp cao cac (Generaloberst) vLinX().Hiqun:ttrnxunglc(ngangviitng),Phc,Chun
c v c*. Cn c thm Ph Thu s c ca c(Generaladmiral)vLinX().
Cpt:ccncAnh,c,M,LinXvPhpc3cp,xemnhtngng
viit,TrungtvThiutcaQuniVitNam,khngccptngng
viThngt.
Cpu:ccncM,LinXvPhpc4cptngngviiu,Thng
-
u,TrunguvThiuucaQuniVitNam,ringAnhvcchc3cpnn
xemnhkhngccptngngviThngu.
Quntrb: loihnhqunichunluynxongrichovnh
lmcngvicbnhthng,khicncthcgilivoquni,ngy
thngcthlnhthmnhimvnhdnphng.Cnphnbitviqun
db,lquncihnhvtrangbhonchnhtrongtnhtrngdphng,
snsngtcchinngaykhitnhthihi.Ringc,quntrbc
tchcchtchhnthnhlclngDnqun.
QuncngWindsor:xemEdwardVIII.
Quisling: Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssn Quisling (1887- 1945),
ngiNaUyhptcviclngonNaUy,ccclmTh
tngNaUy(1942-1945), sutchin tranhcng tcc lcviQucx,
sauchintranhbxthnh.Danhtchungquislingcdngtrongvi
ngnngchuu,kctingAnh,nhlngnghavikbnnc.
Raeder:ErichJohannAlbertRaeder(1876-1960),ngiutin(1939)
nhnqunhmThusccacQucx,TlnhHiqun(1928-
1943).BTonNurembergxchung thn (nhngbnngy tranhci),
ctrtdovldosckho(1955).
Ramsay: Sir Bertram Home Ramsay (1883-1945), c ca Anh
quc.KhicnlPhc,tchccucditnDunkirk.ngvaitr
quantrngtrongtrnNormandy,btnnkhiimybay.
Rastenburg: ngi lng thucngPh (bygi lKtrzyn thucBa
Lan,gnbingiiviNga),ctnghnhdinhchintrngcaHitlerc
gilHangSi(ttingc:Wolfsschanze).
Reichenau:WalthervonReichenau(1884-1942),Thngch(1940)ca
-
c, gp phn thuyt phcHitler dp b lc lng S.A. numun c
quningh.TlnhiQunonThMinhBaLan(1939),T
lnhiQunonThSunhLinX(1941),TlnhTponqun
NamthaythRundstedt.Khibxuthuytno,ngcalnmybay
vc,nhngchicmybaygpnntiLeipzigkhinchongchtvau
tim.
Reitsch: Hanna Reitsch (1912-1979), n phi cng li my bay th
nghim ni ting ca Khng qun c, mt trong hai ph n c c
thngHunchngCh thpsthngNht, sauchin tranhbqunM
giamtrong18thngrictrtdo.
Rennes:thnhphTyBcncPhp,nihplucahaiconsng
IllevVilaine,cchbbinNormandykhong160kmvhngTyNam.
Rhine:mttrongnhngsngchnhchuu,di1.320km,chyqua
ThuS,o,Php,c,HLanrirabinBc,ontrncnglbingii
ThuS-o,onklbingiiPhp-c.
Rhineland:vng lnh thcaB,PhpvcnmdcbTysng
Rhine.SauThchinI,HocVersaillesquynhngminhchimng
tm thi trong15nmkhuvcRhinelandnmtrongncc.Hipc
LocarnoquynhRhinelandlvngtrunglp,phiquns.
Richthofen:WolframFreiherrvonRichthofen(1895-1945),Thngch
Khngqunc(1943),TlnhiQunonS4Khngquntrnmt
trnLinX,vhuvldosckho(1944),quaitrongkhibqunM
tmgiam.
Ribbentrop:JoachimvonRibbentrop(1893-1946),itngS.S.,i
s c ti Anh (1936-1938), B trng Ngoi giao (1938-1945), lp k
hochvthihnhmrnglnhthc,dnnvicspnhpovTip
-
Khcvoncc,bTonNurembergxthnh.
Rommel: Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel (1891-1944), Thng ch
(1942)cac,T lnhSon7ThitgipnhPhp, tinphongn
Dunkirk(1940),TlnhBinhonChuPhi(1941-1943),quaniting
vibitdanhCoSamc,TlnhTponqunBNormandy(1943),
clincannvmsthtHitlernnbHitlerhst.nglngiduy
nhtcachQucxcmtVinbotngtngnimsnghipvc
nhn.
Rosenberg:AlfredRosenberg(1893-1946),ngvinQucxchc
thc lcngcn trong thikphi thai,khixngv thchinnhiu
chtrngcaQucx,thamgiaBolonNhhngBia,BtrngLnh
th phang, chng vic th tiu cc dn tcSlav nhng c hnh ng
mnhbiDoThi,bTonNurembergxthnh.
Rostov: hoc Rostov-na-Donu, thnh ph min Ty Nam nc Nga,
nmbncasngDonrabinAzov,cvtrchinlcquantrngvl
trung tmgiao thngnivibinAzov,knhVolga-DonnbinCaspi,
binBalticvccmduvngCaucasus.
Roehm:ErnstJuliusRhm(1887-1934),cuiutrongThchinI,
ThammutrnglclngS.A., thamgiaBolonNhhngBia,bst
hitrongvThanhtrngmmungy30thng6nm1934.
RSHA (ReichssicherheitshauptamtCquanTrungngAnninh
ch): thucS.S.,cthnhlpvonm1939bngcchspnhpccb
phn:S.D.,MtvvCnhstHnhs.Chcnngchnhthclchinu
chngcckthcach,ngiDoThivnhngthnhphnchng
tcbtho.RSHAcchiarathnhbyphng(mterhocAmt),trong
Amt IV l Mt v (Gestapo), di quyn Heinrich Mueller. Adolf
-
EichmannnguVnphngDicngiDoThicaAmtIV.
Ruhr:SngRuhr(mtnhnhcasngRhine)hocvngluvcsng
RuhrminTyncc.Vngnyko di t hai bn b sngRuhr v
hngnggiaWeselvDsseldort,cmtcngnghiphortcao.
Runciman: Walter Runciman (1870-1949), T tc Th Nht x
Doxford, c Th tng Anh c i thuyt phc Tip Khc giao
Sudetenlandchoc(1938).
Rundstedt:KarlRudolfGerd vonRundstedt (1875-1953), Thng ch
(1940)cac,TlnhTponqunNamnhBaLan(1939),Tlnh
TponqunAnhPhpquavngArdennes(1940),TlnhTpon
qunNamnhLinX(1941),khibLinXphncngxinphpHitler
chortluinhngbtchi,mtchcvRicheneauthayth.Ktip,ng
cgililmTngTlnhMttrnphaTy(1942),khuynHitlerm
phnhobnhvingminhnnbmtchcvKlugethayth(thng7
nm1944).SaukhiHitlerbmsthtngy20thng7nm1944,Kluget
t,ngcbnhimlmChnhnTonDanhd,cKeitelvGuderian
thamgia,tcquntchnhngsquanclincanrigiaohchoTon
Nhndnxtx.RundstedtctibnhimTngTlnhMttrnpha
Ty(thng9nm1944)rilimtchcvKesselringthayth(thng3nm
1945).SauThchinII,ngbquyltinhnchintranhnhngkhngra
tovldosckho,rictrtdo(1948).
S.A.(vitttttncSturmabteilung):iqunringcangQuc
x,vmcngphcmununncncgiloNu,phnbitvi
lclngS.S.loen.Tnm1930,HitlerlLnhtcaS.A.,trc
tipdiquynlThammutrngchhuyhngngy,Thammutrng
S.A.nitingnhtlRoehm.
-
Saar:bangminTyNamncc,ngyxathucqucLaM
thn thnhnhngchunhhngmnhcaPhp, theo thigian sang tay
nhiulngiaPhpvc.HocVersaillesquynhccmthanSaar
thucquynkhaithccaPhptrong15nmbithngchonhngthit
hiccmthancaPhptrongThchinI.
Sachsen: bang min ng nc c, th ph Dresden, trc Th
chinIlmtvngquccachc,saulbangnmtrongCng
hoc,hingiclnhthgntngngvivngqucngyxa.
Salmuth:HansEberhardKurtvonSalmuth(1888-1962),itngcp
cao(1943)cac,ThammutrngTponqunBnhPhp(1939-
1941),TlnhQunonXXXnhLinX(1941),saulmTlnh
iQunonThHai riThT (1942-1943),T lnhiQunon
Th Mi Lm trong trn Normandy, b cch chc khi ng minh gii
phngParis,nhnnt20nmnhngcgimcn12nm(1951).
Saint-L: th trn min TyBc nc Php, nm trn sngVire
vngNormandy,gnbbinManche.
Sauckel: Fritz Sauckel (1894-1946), X u Thringen (1927), B
trngcmnhTonquynCquanSdngLaong(1942-1945),khai
thclaongnlcclnhthbcchimng,bTonNuremberg
xthnh.
Schacht:HjalmarHoraceGreeleySchacht(1877-1970),TinsKinht
(1899),tuykhngphilngvinQucxnhngnghHitlernhittnh
vlpnhiuchngtrnhnhmgiiquytnnthtnghipvnnhtint
(1922-1923),ThngcNgnhngNhncc(1923-1930,1933-1939),
B trngKinh tc (1934-1937) kimcmnhTonquynKinh t
Chintranh(1935-1937),Qucvkhanh(1939-1943).ngbQucxkt
-
ndnhlunvmstHitlerngy20thng7nm1944,bavotri
tptrung,ricngminhgiithot.ngcTonNurembergtha
bng,nhngbTonBitrQucxcactuynn8nmkhsai,ri
ctrtdo(1948).
Schellenberg: Walther Friedrich Schellenberg (1910-1952), Thiu
tng S.S., PhGim cC quanRSHA (1939-1942), thay th Canaris
lmGimcCcQunbo(1944),sauThchinIIbn6nmtnhng
ctrtdosm(1951)vldosckho.
Scheubner-Richter:LudwigMaximilianErwinvonScheubner-Richter
hoc Max Scheubner-Richter (1884-1923): mt trong nhng ng vin
Qucxutin,trngnquaitrongvBolonNhhngBia.
Schirach:BaldurBenediktvonSchirach (1907-1974),Lnhoon
ThanhninHitler(1931),XukimThhinThnhphVienna,bara
xtrcTonNuremberg,ngit1946-1966.
Schlabrendorff:FabianvonSchlabrendorff (1907-1980), squandi
quynTresckow,thamgiavommumstHitler,baraTonNhn
dnxtxnhngmybayngminhnmbomtrngphinto,bavo
tritptrungricqunMgiicu.
Schlegelberger:LouisRudolphFranzSchlegelberger (1876-1970),B
trngTphpc (1941-1942),bTonNurembergx tchung thn
nhngctrtdonm1950vgiyu.
Schleicher: TngKurt vonSchleicher,B trngQuc phng trong
NicccaPapen (1932),Th tngCnghoc (1932-1933) tipni
PapentrckhiHitlerlnthayth,bsthicngvtrongvThanhtrng
mmu.
-
Schmidt: Tin s Paul Schmidt (1923-1945), thng dch vin ca B
Ngoigiaoc,thngdchchoHitlertrongnhiucuchimquantrng
vinhnvtcaocpncngoi.
Schmitt:KurtPaulSchmitt(1886-1950),ThiutngS.S.(1935),Tng
GimcCngtyBohimAllianz(1921-1933),BtrngKinht(1933-
1934),saulmtronghingquntrcamtscngtytnhn.
Schoerner: Ferdinand Schrner (1892-1973): Thng ch (1944) ca
c,TlnhSon6SnccnhLinX(1940),TlnhQunon
XXXXThitgip(1943),TlnhTponqunAriTponqunNam
UkraineLinX(1944),TlnhTponqunTipKhc(1945),c
HitlerctrongTuyncoChnhtrlmTlnhLcqun,sauThchinII
bLinXtuynn25nmkhsai,khictr tdo(1955) trvTy
cribtonTycxtxvtixtthuccpsaiphmtrongchin
tranh,bnt4nm6thng,ctrtdonm1963.
Schulenburg:FriedrichWernervonderSchulenburg(1875-1944),i
scLinX(1934-1941),bbucphitchckhicnhLinX,
thamgiavmstHitlerngy20thng7nm1944,cchnhlNgoi
trngnuthnhcng,bMtvxt.
Schuschnigg: Kurt Schuschnigg (1897-1977), Th tng o (1934-
1938),bcQucxcmtkhicspnhpo,cQuniMgii
cunm1945.
Schwarz:FranzXavierSchwarz(1875-1947):ThqucangQuc
x,itngcpcaoS.S..
S.D.(Sicherheitsdienst,cnghaCquanAnninh):cquantnhbo
caS.S.,cthnhlpnm1931diquynHeydrich,sau1939thucc
quanRSHA,tnm1944nmlunQunbo.
-
Sedan: th trnngNamncPhp, trongvngArdennes,bnb
sngMeuse,gnbingiiPhp-B.
Seeckt: Hans von Seeckt (1866-1936), i tng ca c, sau Th
chin I cnhimv t chc liQunic theohn ch caHoc
VersaillesvnguQuniminyvi chcv tngngTng
ThammutrngQunlc(1920-1926),bmtnhLinXtoiukin
chtovkhtrntLinX,ibiuNghvin(1930-1932).
Seisser:itHansvonSeisser,ChhuytrngcnhstbangBavaria,
lmttrongtamuchlnhoBavariakhivBolonNhhngBia
xyra.
Seyss-Inquart:ArthurSey-Inquart(1892-1946),Thtngo(1938),
itngS.S.,tiptciuhnhncosaukhiobspnhpvoc
(1938),Qucvkhanhcac(1939),PhTonquynBaLan,CaouH
Lan (1940), Ngoi trng c thay th Ribbentrop (1945), b To n
Nurembergxthnh.
Silesia:vngtnmdctrungluvthnglusngOdervdyni
Sudetes, khi xa thuc chc, sauTh chin I b ccncBaLan,
TipKhcvctranhchp,phnbnccchiathnhThngSilesia
vHSilesia.HingivngtnybaogmminTyNamBaLan,mt
phnCng ho Sc cng cc bangBrandenburg v Saxony minng
ncc.
Simon:JohnAllsebrookSimon(1873-1954),BtrngNgoigiaoAnh
(1931-1935), B trngNi v (1935-1937), B trng Ti chnh (1937-
1940).
Sir: trongschny l txnght trc tnngicHonggia
AnhphongtcvHips.
-
Six: Tin s Franz Alfred Six (1909-1975), Thiu tng S.S. (1945),
nguPhngVIIcaRSHA,bTonNurembergx20nmt(1948),
cgimncn15nm(1951).
Skagerrak:eobinnmgiabbinminNamcaNaUyvbbin
minNamcaanMch.
Slav:ccdntcphnbnguvTrungu,bnoBalkans,v
qua dy ni pha chu . Nhnh pha ng gm nhng dn tc Nga,
Belarus,Ukraine,nhnhminTygmnhngdntcBaLan,Sc,Slovak,
vnhnhphaNamgmnhngdntcSlovenia,Serb-Croatia,Macedonia,
vBulgaria.Hitlerxemccdn tcSlav lmchngsovidn tc
c.
Slovakia: t u th kX lmt phn caHungary, c nhp vo
Bohemia vMoravia thucTipKhc (1918), tuyn b ly khai khiTip
Khc(1939),hinnaylmtncclp.
Skorzeny:OttoSkorzeny(1908-1975),TrungtWaffen-S.S.,chinu
trn chin trngLinX (1941-1942), cHitler c lmch huy chin
dchgiicuMussolini(1943),chhuyccngibtccTngthngNam
TTitonhng thtbi (1944),chhuyiqungidngbinhsMxm
nhpvnghnhquncaMgyrilon(1944),sauchintranhbTo
nQunsDachauxtxnhtinhnchintranh,cthabngnhng
chacthngay,ritrnthotkhitrigiam(1948).
Smolensk: thnh ph vngTrungTyncNga, nmbn b sng
Dniepr(gnbingiiNgaBelarushinnay), lgiaoimcacctuyn
ngquantrngvcxemlthnhtrchechnMoscow,vthkhixm
lngNga,quniVuaCharlesXIIcaThuin,HongNapolonv
saunylcaHitleruiquathnhphny.
-
Spartakist (ting c: Spartakusbund): nhm c khuynh hng ch
ngha x hi do Rosa Luxemburg v Karl Liebknecht thnh lp vo nm
1916.TrongThchin I, nhmny l cnh t cangDnchXhi.
TncanhmldoLiebknechtlybthiuSpartacus(tncamtnl
cmuphongtronidychngtriunhLaM)vitbo.
Speer:AlbertSpeer(1905-1981),cxemlkintrcsutinca
cQuc x, thit k nhiu cng trnh kin trc c o nh Ph Th
tngmi (1939),B trngKh ti vV trang (1942), gp cng trong
vic chn chnh ngnh cngnghip sn xut cac, ngay sau khi chin
tranh chm dt c t do di chuyn, din thuyt, nhng b To n
Nurembergtruytvtuyn20nmtvvicsdnglaongnl,mn
hntnm1966.
Speidel:HansSpeidel(1897-1984),Trungtng(1945)cacQuc
x, Tham mu trng Tp on qun B di quyn Rommel v Kluge
(1944), lincanvovmstHitlerngy20 thng7nm1944nhngv
ToDanhdgmRundstedt,Guderian,vKeitelkhngtcquntchnn
khngbaraxtx,lngiduynhttrongnhmchmukhngbst
hihoctt,sauchintranhlmitngcaCnghoLinbangc
trongkhiNATO,TlnhlclngtrnbcaNATOchuu(1957-
1963).
Sperrle:HugoSperrle(1885-1953),Thngch(1940)caKhngqun
c,TlnhiQunonS3KhngqunngtrntPhpnh
phAnh,baraTonNurembergnhngcthabng.
Sponeck:HansGrafvonSponeck(1888-1944),Trungtng(1940)ca
c,TlnhQunon42nhLinX,baratonquns(1942)
vtralnhrtqun,bnthnhnhngHitlergimcn6nmt,bt
-
hnhsaummumstHitlerngy20thng7nm1944tuykhngcand.
Sportpalast:cungththaocmichevisccha10.000ngipha
TyBerlin,xynm1910choccmn trtbng,quynAnh,cng l
nidinratrinlm,mttinh,bphhunm1973.
S.S.(vitttttncSchutzstaffel,cnghaiphngv):tchc
qunscangQucx,mcngphcmuennncncgi l
oenphnbitvilclngS.A.loNu,khiulicn
v cho cp lnh o Quc x, ch khi c t di quyn ch huy ca
Himmler (1929-1945)mi lnmnh, ch thngqunhm tng tnh
trong Qun i c nhng vi tn gi khc, c ng phc v qun ph
ring.TrongThchinII,S.S.lnhnctrongmtnhnc,cccu
nhsau:
Thlnh:HeinrichHimmler(1929-1945).ThlnhS.S.vCnhst:chhuynhngnvS.S.khcnhautrnmtvngrng,tngtnhXucangQucx.TnghnhdinhS.S.: c chia ra thnh12 cquaniuhnhmihot ng ca S.S., nh C quan Trung ng An ninh ch(RSHA),CcKinh t vHnh chnh (WVHA)di quyn caCcKinhtvHnhchnh.Th lnh Danh d S.S.: phong cho cp lnh o chnh quyn, nhBormann,Henlein,Ribbentrop,Weizsaecker
Theo chiu ngang, S.S. c chia ra thnh tng b phn chuyn bit,
nh:
S.S.Tngqut(AllgemeineS.S.).S.S.Kbinh(Reiter-S.S.).u T thn (Totenkoptverbande, gi tt S.S.-TV), ban u gm
-
nhng n v cp trung on ph trch cc tri tp trung n nm1944gmc3son,cctritptrungcgiaolichoWVHA.icnhim(Einsatzgruppen),gm4iA,B,CvD.S.S.Vtrang(Waffen-S.S.):doHeinrichHimmlerlmTlnh.CnhstTrtt(Ordnungspolizei,gittOrpo):quytcnhstcccpTrungngvaphng,Cnhstngst,Cnhstngthu,bovticccquan
TonNurembergtuynLclngS.S.(ngoitrS.S.Kbinh)phm
ticchintranh.
Stahlhelm:LclngTdocslngthnhvinlnnht(500.000
ngi)vouthikQucx,lclngnytheochnghaqucgiav
chngchCngho,gianhpNiccHitlernm1933nhngbHitler
giitnnm1935.
Stalin: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (1879-1953), Tng B th ng
CngsnLinX(1922-1953),kimnhimThtng(1941-1953).
Stalingrad: thnh ph min Ty Nam nc Nga, nm bn b sng
Volga,cnivisngDonquaKnhVolga-Don,v thcv trchin
lclntgiaothngngthuquantrng,hingictnlVolvograd.
Stauffenberg: Claus Philipp Maria Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg
(1907-1944)nhqu tc,i tThammu trngDnqun(1944),m
nhimvicmstHitlerngy20 thng7nm1944,bFrommra lnhx
bn.
Steiner:FelixMartinJuliusSteiner(1896-1966),itngWaffen-S.S.
(1943), c Hitler ra lnh phn cng qun Nga Berlin (1945) nhng
khngclclngthihnh,bbt lmtbinhchonnm1948mi
ctrtdo.
-
Stieff:HelmuthStieff(1901-1944),itngc,CctrngTchc
BT lnh Lc qun (1942), tham gia vo v m st htHitler ngy 20
thng7nm1944,bTonNhndnxthnh.
Strasser:GregorStrasser(1892-1934),cuTrungu,mttrongnhng
nhlnhoutincangQucx,thnhlplclngS.A.,thamd
cucBolonNhhngBia,thnhlpmnglicsQucxminBc
c,bsthitrongvThanhtrngmmu.
Strauss: Adolf Strauss (1879-1973), i tng cp cao ca c, T
lnhQunonIInhBaLan(1939-1940),TlnhiQunonTh
ChnnhLinX(1941)vphaTy(1942).
Streicher:JuliusStreicher(1885-1946):chbttbocaQucxDer
StrmerbiDoThi,thamgiavBolonNhhngBia,XuFranconia
trongbangBavaria,nguNuremberg(1933).BTonNurembergxt
hnhnhngbnngytranhcivlinquannsxmphmquyntdo
ngnlunvboch.
Stresemann:GustavStresemann(1878-1929),ChtchngNhndn
c,Thtngc(1923),BtrngNgoigiao(1923-1929),cchnh
schhogiivingminhvacgianhpHiQuclin.Donlc
ngoigiaokin tohobnh,ngcgiiNobelvHobnhnm1926
cngviBtrngNgoigiaoAristideBriandcaPhp.
Stroop:JrgenStroop(1895-1952),TrungtngS.S.,ThlnhS.S.v
CnhstvWarsaw,BaLan(1943),sauThchinIIbBaLanxthnh.
Stuelpnagel:Karl-HeinrichvonStlpnagel(1886-1944),itngLc
qunc (1939),ChhuybanQunqunPhp (1942), thamgiammu
mstHitlerngy20thng7nm1944,bMtvbtvTonNhndn
xthnh.
-
Sudetenland:vngtgmBohemiavMoraviavmtphnSilesia
xungquanhdyniSudeten,cphnlnngigcc(gilngic
Sudeten)cng,vo thigian1918-1938 thucvTipKhc,cHip
cMunichquynhgiaochoc,saunm1945ctrvTipKhc,
hinnaylminTy,mtphnminBcvmtphnminNamcaCng
hoSc.
Son:xemnvlcqun.
Sonkhngqun:xemnvkhngqun.
Taylor:MaxwellDavenportTaylor(1901-1987),itngcaM,l
vtngutincangminhblnNormandykhichhuySon
Khngvn101.SaunylTlnhqunMvLinhipquctrongChin
tranhTriuTin(1953),TngThammutrngLinqunM(1962-1964)
visMtiNamVitNam(1964-1965).
Tukhutrc:loitunh,cvntccao,thngcdngchng
trtuphngngli,tungm.
Tuthitgip:loituchinhngnngnht,clpthpdybov,
v c i bc rt to, v nng n nn tc chm hn cc loi tu khc.
NhngtuthitgipnitingktrongschnylBismarckcac(trng
lngncrhn50.000tn,ibcnng380mm),Tirpitzcac(hn
42.000 tn,ibc380mm),HoodcaAnh (gn50.000 tn,ibc380
mm),vPrinceofWalescaAnh(trn40.000tn,ibc370mm).
Tuthitgipbti:loituthitgipcacctrngtigimbt
nhmtunthhnch10.000tncaHocVersa