LBA/BARCA – Balanço RegionalLBA/BARCA – Balanço Regionalde Carbono da Amazôniade Carbono da Amazônia

PBL ht

PBL ht

Air parcels arriving at lower atmosphere of inland region

Air parcels originating over inflow area which are lofted to upper troposphere by deep convection

Large-scale subsidence

Inflow region

Inland region

Large-scale Experiment ConceptDifferences in CO2 between the inland and inflow regions reflect Basin-scale carbon fluxes. Of particular interest are air parcels in the lower atmosphere at the inland region (indicated by blue), which contain the strongest signals of surface exchange. These air parcels arrive at the inland region either from the mid-troposphere or by transport within the PBL. Deep convection lofts air parcels (indicated by green) to the upper troposphere, but there is no analogous path for downward transport of upper tropospheric air. Downward transport occurs principally as downdrafts originating in the mid- troposphere [Scala et al. 1990], or by large-scale subsidence. Thus the height of the cross-sections (10 km) is adequate to characterize the influences on the blue air parcels in combination with transport rates from RAMS or Eta.

LBA/BARCA Conceito experimentalLBA/BARCA Conceito experimental

LBA/BARCA: AbordagemLBA/BARCA: Abordagemexperimentalexperimental

Uso de dois aviões:Lear Jet (Lider Taxi Aereo) – voa a até 42.000 pés, INPE Bandeirante até15.000 pés

Instrumentação: Medidas contínuas de CO, CO2, O3, aerossóis.Medidas com frascos para isótopos, CO2, CO, CH4, N2O, SF6, NOx e outros

Radiossondas extras, medidas em solo

The BARCA flight strategies can be divided into the following two categories:

Lagrangian regional experiments: diurnal airborne measurements of CO2, CO, and H2O within and above the PBL in an airmass-following framework which provide tight constraints on regional fluxes and their variations across different disturbance regimes.

Large-scale surveys: sampling of large-scale CO2 distribution along the synoptic flow pattern gives Basin-scale flux constraints

Lear 55 (leased) Measurements Source

(provisional) Comments/action item

H2O, P, T USP or Jena Lear data download Lat/Lon/GeoAlt USP/Artaxo Lear data download CO Harvard/ VUV CO2 Harvard Licor/ Flasks CMDL+USP Miller (CMDL) + Gatti (USP) O3 Birks/2B INPE Bandeirante Measurements Source (provisional) Comments/action item H2O, P, T Jena/Lloyd has been flown before Lat/Lon/GeoAlt USP/Artaxo has been flown before CO Mainz VUV CO2 CMDL Tans/Artaxo New unit/Tans CO2 Jena/Lloyd/Artaxo Has been flown before Flasks CMDL+USP Medusa/Miller or suitcases/Gatti O3 Birks/2B scientist attend? TSI Nephalometer

Artaxo has been flown before

MobPartAnal Artaxo has been flown before PTRMS Guenther/Artaxo availability uncertain; has flown FTIR Yokulson/Artaxo availability uncertain; has flown

LBA/BARCA Instrumentations on the planes

Centro de operações no SIPAM, com centro de operações de vôos, previsão meteorológica, integração com radares, e com todo o

conjunto de informações do SIPAM

Base de dados coletada: situada no próprio SIPAM e no LBA-DIS

Operações do LBA/BARCA em ManausOperações do LBA/BARCA em Manaus

Laboratório de medidas de alta precisão de gases de efeito Laboratório de medidas de alta precisão de gases de efeito estufa: Instalado no LQA/IPEN (Dra. Luciana Vanni Gatti)estufa: Instalado no LQA/IPEN (Dra. Luciana Vanni Gatti)

COCO22

SFSF66

CHCH44COCO

NN22OO

Estações meteorológicas de superfície - SIPAMEstações meteorológicas de altitude - SIPAM

Radares meteorológicos - SIPAMRede de detectores de relâmpagos - SIPAM

Observações meteorológicas do SIPAMObservações meteorológicas do SIPAM

Biomass fires CO2 and CO

BRAMS assimilated met.

Tower flux data

BARCA CO2 and CO dataEstratégia de modelamento do LBA/BARCAEstratégia de modelamento do LBA/BARCA

Almost operational at IAG/USPAlmost operational at IAG/USP

Framework diagramIntegration Figure

4-D atmospheric data: CO2, CH4, CO

Remote sensing of land, oceans

Flux tower data

Land cover, land use, historical, inventory data, in situ ocean data

Forecast winds

surface, airborne,

satellite

Diagnostic modelsdata fusion,retrospective real-time

Surface Atmosphere fluxes (spatially/temporally resolved)

Sum of process data, models

North American sources and sinks for: CO 2, CH4, CO

Meteorological input data (sondes , radiances)

Bottom-up, process models

BARCA: Estrutura ideal de abordagem científica BARCA: Estrutura ideal de abordagem científica

Scientific Expedition license: With all foreign original documents in hands. With more than 60 Brazilian scientists also signing an agreement.WILL BE SUBMITTED BY INPA, NOT USP. I am just preparing everything. Guerra from CNPq is helping a lot.

Included in the expedition license researchers with complementary measurements to CO2 balance. Sources, processes, regulators, and all that is part of the carbon balance.

STILT + BRAMS software system: Almost operational at IAG/USPSTILT + BRAMS software system: Almost operational at IAG/USPIntegration of biospheric model adapted for Amazonia going on.Integration of biospheric model adapted for Amazonia going on.

Testing will be done in August 2004 with CO2 CO profiles from theTesting will be done in August 2004 with CO2 CO profiles from theINPE Bandeirante plane.INPE Bandeirante plane.

Time frame: Time frame: Wet Season March/April 2005; Dry season October/November 2005Wet Season March/April 2005; Dry season October/November 2005

LBA BARCA as an LBA integrator for part of the thematic

EXPEDIÇÕES CIENTÍFICAS (Scientific Expeditions)SOLICITAÇÃO DE AUTORIZAÇÃO PARA COLETA DE MATERIAL CIENTÍFICO(Authorization’s Request for Collecting Scientific Material)DECLARAÇÃO DE COMPROMISSO(Statement of Commitment)I hereby declare, for the purpose of carrying out a field research in Brazil, that I shall abide by the laws of the country, especially as determined by Decree nº 98.830 of January 15, 1990 and Ministry of Science and Technology Regulatory Act nº 55 of March 14, 1990, of which I am fully aware.I hereby authorize the Ministry of Science and Technology and any Brazilian Institution involved to translate, publish and distribute in Brazil any works produced as a result of fieldwork in Brazil and conforming to the second part of the first paragraph of Article 5 of Decree nº 98.830/90.I declare that any material collected or later identified as a “type” specimen will be placed in the appropriate Brazilian institute.I declare that I assume the responsibility to inform the co-participating and co-responsible Brazilian Institution, periodically or when asked about, the progress of work outside Brazil using the collected material and to provide scientific results in their complete or partially complete form where appropriate.I declare that I assume financial responsibility for all activities to be carried out as proposed in related documents. My financial support will be provided by _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(to be filled out)

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Please use as many forms as necessary according to the number of foreign researchers