Law Commission Report No. 219- Need for Family Law Legislations for Non-resident Indians

8/19/2019 Law Commission Report No. 219- Need for Family Law Legislations for Non-resident Indians

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LAW COMMISSION OF INDIA'RE(ORT NO) $*&+

Need for Family Law Legislatios for No!residet Idias

Forwarded to t#e ,io Miister for Law ad -.sti"e/Miistry of Law ad -.sti"e/ Go0ermet of Idia 1yDr) -.sti"e AR) La2s#maa/ C#airma/ LawCommissio of Idia/ o t#e 3%t# day of Mar"#/

$%%&)

T#e *4t# Law Commissio was "ostit.ted for a 5eriodof t#ree years from *st Se5tem1er/ $%%6 1y Order No)A)78%*$9*9$%%6!Adm)III 'LA+ dated t#e *6t# O"to1er/$%%6/ iss.ed 1y t#e Go0ermet of Idia/ Miistry of

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Law ad -.sti"e/ De5artmet of Legal Affairs/ NewDel#i)

T#e Law Commissio "osists of t#e C#airma/ t#eMem1er!Se"retary/ oe f.ll!time Mem1er ad se0e5art!time Mem1ers)

C#airma

:o;1le Dr) -.sti"e AR) La2s#maa

Mem1er!Se"retary

Dr)


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Law Commissio Staff

Mem1er!Se"retary

Dr. Brahm . !ra"al

Resear"# Staff

S#ri S.s#il =.mar ? -oit Se"retary@ Law Offi"er

Ms) (awa S#arma ? Additioal Law Offi"er #hri J. $. #%la&a' Rao itio'al La" Offi*er

S#ri A) =) ,5ad#yay ? De5.ty Law Offi"er Dr) V) =) Sig# ? Assistat Legal Ad0iser Dr) R) S) S#riet ? S.5eritedet 'Legal+

Admiistrati0e Staff

S#ri S.s#il =.mar ? -oit Se"retary@ Law Offi"er S#ri D) C#o.d#.ry ? ,der Se"retaryS#ri S) =) i S#arma ? Assistat Li1rary @

Iformatio Offi"er

T#e tet of t#is Re5ort is a0aila1le o t#e Iteret at?#tt5?99www)law"ommissioofidia)i")i

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B Go0ermet of IdiaLaw Commissio of Idia

T#e tet i t#is do".met 'e"l.dig t#e Go0ermetLogo+ may 1e re5rod."ed free of "#arge i ay format

or medi.m 5ro0ided t#at it is re5rod."ed a"".ratelyad ot .sed i a misleadig "otet) T#e materialm.st 1e a"2owledged as Go0ermet "o5yrig#t adt#e title of t#e do".met s5e"ified)

Ay e.iries relatig to t#is Re5ort s#o.ld 1eaddressed to t#e Mem1er!Se"retary ad set eit#er 1y5ost to t#e Law Commissio of Idia/ $d Floor/ ILI


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D.O. No. 6(3)/135/2007-LC (LS) 30thMarch, 2009Dear Dr. Bharda! "#,

S$%!ect& Need 'or a#*+ La Le#*at#o 'or No-re#det d#a

a 'orard# here#th the 219th eort o' the La Co##oo' d#a o the a%oe $%!ect.

Oer the +ear a *are $%er o' No-re#det d#a (N) hae$*t#*#ed # eer+ !$r#d#ct#o a%road ad o the ro%*e. %adoed%r#de # d#tre d$e to r$aa+ 'ore# co$tr+ re#det d#a o$e,treed o-re#det #a aret 'rat#ca**+ earch# o$e # d#aho ha reoed the#r ch#*d 'ro a 'ore# !$r#d#ct#o # #o*at#o o' a'ore# co$rt order, deerate aret ee4# ch#*d $ort ad

a#teace, o-re#det o$e ee4# e'orceet o' 'ore#d#orce decree # d#a, a#tated ch#*dre o' deceaed o-re#detd#a t$r# t$rt*e # tr+# to ee4 tra'er o' roert+ # d#a ad #treatr#at#o to 'ore# hore, a#o$ ad ec#ted 'ore# adot#earet deerate*+ tr+# to reo*e d#a *ea* 'ora*#t#e 'or adot#a ch#*d # d#a, %e#*dered o''#c#a* o' a 'ore# #h Co##o tr+#to $dertad the c$toar+ ract#ce o' arr#ae ad d#orceec*$#e*+ aed %+ d#a *e#*at#o, 'ore# o*#ce o''#c#a* tr+# to$dertad #tr#cac#e o' d#a *a # arehed# o''eder o' *a o'ore# o#*& thee are oe #tace o' ro%*e ar## eer+ da+

'ro cro-%order #rat#o. h$ the $%er o' ro%*e # +r#ad,%$t the o*$t#o are a 'e or o-e#tet.

#e o' th#, the La Co##o too4 $ the $%!ect suo motu'or t$d+. he Co##o ea#ed ar#o$ #$e ad # o' theo##o that the 'o**o# reed#e %+ a4# aror#ate *a a+o*e the ro%*e o' N.&

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. e#trat#o o' arr#ae $t %e ade co$*or+8

B. D#o*$t#o o' arr#ae o the ro$d o' #rretr#ea%*e%rea4do o' arr#ae %e #trod$ced # the #d$ Marr#ae

ct, 1955 ad the Sec#a* Marr#ae ct, 1958

C. :here oe o' the o$e # a N, ara**e* add#t#o $t %eade # the #d$ Marr#ae ct, 1955 ad the Sec#a*Marr#ae ct, 195 to ro#de 'or ro##o 'or a#teacead a*#o+ o' o$e, ch#*d c$tod+ ad ch#*d $ort ad aa*o ett*eet o' atr#o#a* roert+8

D. the atter o' $cce#o, tra'er o' roert+, reart#t#o o' N '$d etc., the reect#e State oeret $t #*#'+

ad trea*#e roced$re8

;. he Co##o ha a*read+ recoeded # #t 21o$r #cere*+,

(Dr. . La4haa)

Dr. . . Bharda!,?#o M##ter 'or La ad "$t#ce,@oeret o' d#a,Shatr# Bhaa,Ne De*h# A 110 001

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Need for Family Law Legislatios for No!residet Idias

$BL+ OF ,ON$+N$#

P-+ NO.

. ; =OBL;MS N B; 9-

10

. ; S;C O SOL?ON N L: 10-

11

. DC?L;S C;D ?ND;NDN L:

11-19

. N;-=;NL CLD;MOL A =;C?L =OBL;M 20

. S?@@;S;D SOL?ONS ND

;M;D;S20-26

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I T:E (RO


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ec#ted 'ore# adot#e aret deerate*+ tr+# to reo*e d#a

*ea* 'ora*#t#e 'or adot# a ch#*d # d#a, %e#*dered o''#c#a* o' a

'ore# #h Co##o tr+# to $dertad the c$toar+ ract#ce

o' arr#ae ad d#orce ec*$#e*+ aed %+ d#a *e#*at#o, 'ore#o*#ce o''#c#a* tr+# to $dertad #tr#cac#e o' d#a *a #

arehed# o''eder o' *a o 'ore# o#*& thee are oe #tace

o' ro%*e ar## eer+ da+ 'ro cro-%order #rat#o.

1.3 here are a *are $%er o' *ea* #$e that cocer a #ea%*e

ect#o o' the @*o%a* d#a Co$#t+ re#d# a%road. ho$h the

o-re#det d#a hae #creaed $*t#'o*d # 'ore# !$r#d#ct#o,

'a#*+ *a d#$te ad #t$at#o are had#caed 'or at o' roer

ro'e#oa* #'orat#o ad ad#ce o d#a *a. he *$re 'or ett*#

# 'ore# !$r#d#ct#o attract a #ea%*e d#a o$*at#o %$t the

ro%*e created %+ $ch #rat#o *are*+ rea# $reo*ed.

II T:E SEARC: FOR SOL,TION IN LAW

2.1 So*#c#tor ad *#t#at oerea or*d#de 'rat#ca**+ *oo4 'or

ro'e#oa* o##o ad ad#ce he the ro%*e coe to the d#a

re#det a%road. tace o' cod#t#o o' a*#d#t+ o' arr#ae

o*e#ed # d#a, ode ad ea o' d#orce $der d#a *a,

*ea* 'ora*#t#e to %e co*#ed #th 'or adot# ch#*dre 'ro d#a,

reed#e aa#*a%*e # d#a *a 'or e'orc# areta* r#ht # ch#*d

a%d$ct#o ad other 'a#*+ *a #$e re*at# to o-re#det d#a

a%o$d. L#4e#e, there are a *ethora o' ro%*e # atter

cocer# $cce#o ad tra'er o' roert+, %a4# a''a#r, taat#o

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#$e, eec$t#o ad #*eetat#o o' #** ad other coerc#a*

roo#t#o 'or o-re#det d#a. oeer, a*#cat#o o' $*t#*e

*a, the#r !$d#c#a* #terretat#o other *ea*#t#e o'te *eae the

ro%*e $reo*ed ee tho$h reed#e art#a**+ e#t # d#a *aad art*+ eed e $ret *e#*at#o.

2.2 he $%er o' o-re#det d#a (N) ha $*t#*#ed # eer+

!$r#d#ct#o a%road. oeer, 'a#*+, roert+, 4#th ad 4# or the *oe

'or the other*ad 4ee %r## the N %ac4 o d#a o#* # %od+ or

# o$*. :#th th# ret$r the N ee4 a reed+ 'or h# *ea* ro%*e

coected #th h# teorar+ or eraet ret$r to d#a. h#

#ar#a%*+ a4e the N #ort the 'ore# *a o' the oerea

!$r#d#ct#o 'ro here he ha #rated. S$ch a #t$at#o # created

%eca$e e#ther d#a *a ro#de h# o reed+ or %eca$e he '#d

#t ea#er ad E$#c4er to #ort a 'ore# co$rt !$det to d#a o the

%a# o' a*#e *a h#ch ha o ara**e* # the d#a !$r#d#ct#o. h#

c*ah o' !$r#d#ct#oa* *a # coo*+ ca**ed Co'*#ct o' La # therea* o' =r#ate terat#oa* La h#ch # ot +et a dee*oed

!$r#r$dece # the d#a terr#tor+.

III DIFFIC,LTIES FACED ,NDER INDIAN LAW

3.1 rea o' 'a#*+ *a # h#ch the ro%*e o' !$r#d#ct#o are ee

occ$rr# er+ 'reE$et*+ re*ate to d#o*$t#o o' arr#ae, #ter-areta*

ch#*d a%d$ct#o, #ter co$tr+ ch#*d adot#o ad $cce#o o' roert+

o' o-re#det d#a. atter o' d#orce, #ce #rretr#ea%*e

%rea4do o' arr#ae # ot a ro$d 'or d#o*# the arr#ae $der

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d#a *a, d#a Co$rt # r#c#*e do ot reco#e 'ore#

atr#o#a* !$det d#o*# arr#ae %+ $ch %rea4do.

S$rr##*+, ee er+ *#tt*e he* # aa#*a%*e # area o' atr#o#a*

o''ece ad ro%*e ar## o$t o' ch#*d a%d$ct#o. Lea# a he**edeerted d#a o$e o d#a hore co'roted #th a atr#o#a*

*#t#at#o o' a 'ore# co$rt h#ch he or he e#ther ha the ea or

a%#*#t+ to #o4e o'te re$*t # dea#r, 'r$trat#o ad d#$t.

L#4e#e, e'orceet o' a 'ore# co$rt order # hoe #o*at#o a ch#*d

o' the 'a#*+ ha %ee reoed ad %ro$ht to d#a o#* %r# a

aret to d#a deerate*+ ee4# a *ea* reed+. he *#t o' ro%*e

# +r#ad %$t the o*$t#o are 'e or o-e#tet.

3.2 ?'ort$ate*+, o ec#a* d#a *e#*at#o e#t to co%at $ch

reed#e. he $%er o' d#a o 'ore# hore hae #creaed

$*t#'o*d %$t the $*t#*e ro%*e h#ch %r# the %ac4 to d#a are

t#** *e't to %e reo*ed %+ the coet#oa* d#a *e#*at#o. #e hae

chaed %$t *a hae ot. oeer, the d+a#c, rore#e adoe #ded !$d#c#a* +te # the d#a "$r#r$dece o'te coe to

the rec$e o' $ch ro%*e %+ #terret# the e#t# *a #th a

ract#ca* a*#cat#o to the e eerat#o ro%*e o' ##rat

d#a. ort$ate*+, !$d#c#a* *e#*at#o # the o*+ cr$tch aa#*a%*e.

3.3 $n Y. Narasimha Rao vs. Y. Venkata Lakshmi2& the /upreme 0ourt

o!served that no country can afford to sacrifice its internal unity& sta!ility and

tranuility for the sae of uniformity of rules and comity of nations which

considerations are important and appropriate to facilitate international trade&

commerce& industry& communication& transport& echange of services&

2 %#d.

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technology& manpower etc. #his glaring fact of national life has !een

recognised !oth !y the ague 0onvention of 1,68 on the )ecognition of

ivorce and "egal /eparations as well as !y the +udgments 0onvention of the

uropean 0ommunity of the same year. rticle 1 of the ague 0onvention

epressly provides that the contracting /tates may refuse to rocogni%e a divorce

or legal separation if such recognition is manifestly incompati!le with their

pu!lic policy. #he +udgments 0onvention of the uropean 0ommunity

epressly ecludes from its scope -a status or legal capacity of natural persons&

-! rights in property arising out of a matrimonial relationship& -c wills and

succession& -d social security and -e !anruptcy. separate convention was

contemplated for the last of the su!ects. #he /upreme 0ourt referred to the 65th

)eport of the "aw 0ommission on 9)ecognition of :oreign ivorces; and

ela!orately discussed the import of section 13 of the 0ode of 0ivil


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disputes arising in this area are significantly different from those appliedto claims in other areas. #hat is as it ought to !e. >

12. ?e are in the present case concerned only with the matrimonial law

and what we state here will apply strictly to matters arising out of andancillary to matrimonial disputes. #he 0ourts in this country have so far tried to follow in these matters the nglish rules of large num!er of foreign decrees inmatrimonial matters is !ecoming the order of the day. time has&therefore& come to ensure certainty in the recognition of the foreign

udgments in these matters. #he minimum rules of guidance for securingthe certainty need not await legislative initiative. #his 0ourt canaccomplish the modest o! within the framewor of the present statutory

provisions if they are rationally interpreted and etended to achieve the purpose. $t is with this intention that we are undertaing this venture. ?eare aware that unaided and left solely to our resources the rules of guidance which we propose to lay down in this area may prove

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inadeuate or miss some aspects which may not !e present to us at this uncture. @ut a !eginning has to !e made as !est as one can& the lacunaeand the errors !eing left to !e filled in and corrected !y future udgments.

14. ?e !elieve that the relevant provisions of /ection 13 of the 0ode arecapa!le of !eing interpreted to secure the reuired certainty in the sphereof this !ranch of law in conformity with pu!lic policy& ustice& euity andgood conscience& and the rules so evolved will protect the sanctity of theinstitution of marriage and the unity of family which are the corner stones of our societal life.

15. 0lause -a of /ection 13 states that a foreign udgment shall not !erecognised if it has not !een pronounced !y a court of competent

urisdiction. ?e are of the view that this clause should !e interpreted tomean that only that court will !e a court of competent urisdiction whichthe ct or the law under which the parties are married recognises as acourt of competent urisdiction to entertain the matrimonial dispute. ny

other court should !e held to !e a court without urisdiction unless !oth parties voluntarily and unconditionally su!ect themselves to the urisdiction of that court. #he epression Acompetent courtA in /ection 41of the $ndian vidence ct has also to !e construed liewise.

16. 0lause -! of /ection 13 states that if a foreign udgment has not !een given on the merits of the case& the courts in this country will notrecognise such udgment. #his clause should !e interpreted to mean -athat the decision of the foreign court should !e on a ground availa!leunder the law under which the parties are married& and -! that thedecision should !e a result of the contest !etween the parties. #he latter reuirement is fulfilled only when the respondent is duly served andvoluntarily and unconditionally su!mits himselfBherself to the

urisdiction of the court and contests the claim& or agrees to the passing

of the decree with or without appearance. mere filing of the reply tothe claim under protest and without su!mitting to the urisdiction of thecourt& or an appearance in the 0ourt either in person or through arepresentative for o!ecting to the urisdiction of the 0ourt& should not !econsidered as a decision on the merits of the case. $n this respect thegeneral rules of the acuiescence to the urisdiction of the 0ourt which

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may !e valid in other matters and areas should !e ignored and deemedinappropriate.

17. #he second part of 0lause -c of /ection 13 states that where the

udgment is founded on a refusal to recognise the law of this country incases in which such law is applica!le& the udgment will not !erecognised !y the courts in this country. #he marriages which tae placein this country can only !e under either the customary or the statutorylaw in force in this country. ence& the only law that can !e applica!le tothe matrimonial disputes is the one under which the parties are married&and no other law. ?hen& therefore& a foreign udgment is founded on a

urisdiction or on a ground not recognised !y such law& it is a udgmentwhich is in defiance of the "aw. ence& it is not conclusive of thematters adudicated therein and& therefore& unenforcea!le in this country.

:or the same reason& such a udgment will also !e unenforcea!le under 0lause -f of /ection 13& since such a udgment would o!viously !e in

!reach of the matrimonial law in force in this country.

18. 0lause -d of /ection 13 which maes a foreign udgmentunenforcea!le on the ground that the proceedings in which it is o!tainedare opposed to natural ustice& states no more than an elementary

principle on which any civilised system of ustice rests. owever& in

matters concerning the family law such as the matrimonial disputes& this principle has to !e etended to mean something more than merecompliance with the technical rules of procedure. $f the rule of audialteram partem has any meaning with reference to the proceedings in aforeign court& for the purposes of the rule it should not !e deemed

sufficient that the respondent has !een duly served with the process of the court. $t is necessary to ascertain whether the respondent was in a

position to present or represent himselfBherself and contest effectivelythe said proceedings. #his reuirement should apply eually to theappellate proceedings if and when they are filed !y either party. $f the

foreign court has not ascertained and ensured such effective contest !yreuiring the petitioner to mae all necessary provisions for therespondent to defend including the costs of travel& residence andlitigation where necessary& it should !e held that the proceedings are in

!reach of the principles of natural ustice. $t is for this reason that wefind that the rules of


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where the defendant is either domiciled or is ha!itually resident. $t isonly in special cases which is called special urisdiction where the claimhas some real lin with other forum that a udgment of such forum isrecognised. #his urisdictional principle is also recognised !y the+udgments 0onvention of the uropean 0ommunity. $f& therefore& thecourts in this country also insist as a matter of rule that foreignmatrimonial udgment will !e recognised only if it is of the forum where

the respondent is domiciled or ha!itually and permanently resides& the provisions of 0lause -d may !e held to have !een satisfied.

1,. #he provision of 0lause -e of /ection 13 which reuires that thecourts in this country will not recognise a foreign udgment if it has !eeno!tained !y fraud& is selfCevident. owever& in view of the decision of this 0ourt in

Smt. Satya v. Teja Singh > it must !e understood that the

fraud need not !e only in relation to the merits of the matter !ut may also !e in relation to urisdictional facts.

2. :rom the aforesaid discussion the following rule can !e deduced for recognising foreign matrimonial udgment in this country. #he

urisdiction assumed !y the foreign court as well as the ground on whichthe relief is granted must !e in accordance with the matrimonial lawunder which the parties are married. #he eceptions to this rule may !e

as follows= -i where the matrimonial action is filed in the forum wherethe respondent is domiciled or ha!itually and permanently resides andthe relief is granted on a ground availa!le in the matrimonial law under which the parties are marriedD -ii where the respondent voluntarily andeffectively su!mits to the urisdiction of the forum as discussed a!ove

and contests the claim which is !ased on a ground availa!le under thematrimonial law under which the parties are marriedD -iii where therespondent consents to the grant of the relief although the urisdiction of the forum is not in accordance with the provisions of the matrimoniallaw of the parties.

21. #he aforesaid rule with its stated eceptions has the merit of !eing ust and euita!le. $t does no inustice to any of the parties. #he partiesdo and ought to now their rights and o!ligations when they marry under a particular law. #hey cannot !e heard to mae a grievance a!out it later or allowed to !ypass it !y su!terfuges as in the present case. #he rule

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also has an advantage of rescuing the institution of marriage from theuncertain ma%e of the rules of the


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-a no marriage !etween a ()$ and an $ndian woman which has taen

place in $ndia may !e annulled !y a foreign courtD

-! provision may !e made for adeuate alimony to the wife in the

property of the hus!and !oth in $ndia and a!roadD

-c the decree granted !y $ndian courts may !e made eecuta!le inforeign courts !oth on principle of comity and !y entering into reciprocalagreements lie /ection 44 of the 0ivil


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6. Coet#o o' 2 Octo%er 1973 Cocer# the terat#oa* d##trat#o o' the ;tate o' Deceaed =ero

7. Coet#o o' 2 Octo%er 1973 o the eco#t#o ad

;'orceet o' Dec##o e*at# to Ma#teace O%*#at#o


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IV INTER!(ARENTAL C:ILD REMOVAL A (EC,LIAR

(RO


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*e#*at#o o the $%!ect. :#th the *are $%er o' o-re#det

d#a o eraet*+ *## # oerea !$r#d#ct#o, #t ha o

%ecoe #ortat that oe coo#te *e#*at#o # eacted to dea*

#th the ro%*e o' o-re#det d#a to ao#d the 'ro #ort# !$det 'ro 'ore# co$rt to d#a 'or #*eetat#o o' the#r r#ht.

he aer, there'ore, *#e # ## the *a a*#ca%*e to the a

d#a rather tha *ett# the #ade the d#a +te #th

!$det o' 'ore# !$r#d#ct#o h#ch do ot '#d a*#ca%#*#t+ # the

d#a +te. ece, #t # the d#a *e#*at$re h#ch o er#o$*+

eed to re#e th# #$e ad coe o$t #th a coo#te *e#*at#o 'or

o-re#det d#a # 'a#*+ *a atter. #** th# # doe, 'ore# co$rt

!$det # doet#c atter #** 4ee cro# $ ad co$rt # d#a

#** cot#$e #th the#r a*$tar+ e''ort # #terret# the # haro+

#th the d#a *a ad do# $%tat#a* !$t#ce to art#e # the ot

'a#r ad eE$#ta%*e a+. oeer, # th# roce, the d#a !$d#c#ar+

ha ade oe th# er+ c*ear, #.e., the d#a Co$rt o$*d ot #*+

echa#ca**+ e'orce !$det ad decree o' 'ore# co$rt # 'a#*+atter. he d#a co$rt hae o tarted *oo4# #to the er#t o'

the atter ad dec#d# the o the co#derat#o o' d#a *a # the

%et #teret o' the art#e rather tha #*+ #*eet# the order

#tho$t ea## the. ort$ate*+, e ca ha#* the d#a "$d#c#ar+

'or thee *a$da%*e e''ort ad t#** $ch t#e he the d#a *e#*at$re

coe to rec$e #th aror#ate *e#*at#o, e ee4 o*ace #th o$r

$#eacha%*e ad $t#ted 'a#th # the d#a "$d#c#ar+ h#ch #

reder# a +eoa er#ce.

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5.3 the cotet o' the N, the 'o**o# $et#o are ooted 'or

#ro# the e#t# 'a#*+ *a ro%*e oed da#*+ %e'ore N ad

'aced %+ a''ected eo*e re#det # d#a he the+ coe # cotact

#th N. he o*$t#o art*+ e#t # roer #*eetat#o o' e#t# *a, 'ra# o' roer re$*at#o, creat#o o' a#*+ Co$rt

ad at-trac4 Co$rt ad aedet o' e#t# *e#*at#o. he #

o#t charter $ar+ # et do a here$der # the 'o**o#

eE$ece&

. )egistration of marriages must !e made compulsory. #his will in

turn ensure compliance of conditions of a valid marriage& provide proof

of marriage and act as a deterrent for !igamous practices. /ection 8 of

the indu Marriage ct& 1,55 maes it optional for /tate Governments

to provide for rules for providing for registration of marriages. $t is

opined that /tates with significant ()$ migration must mae marriage

registration compulsory particularly when one of the spouses is an ()$.

/imultaneously& it should !e made o!ligatory that the ()$ spouse must

give intimation of registration of his marriage to the concerned

m!assy B igh 0ommission in $ndia& in which country he is presently

resident. #he /tates in $ndia with high migration incidence should mae

and notify rules under /ection 8 providing for compulsory registration of

marriages and incidental matters related thereto. #he 0ommission has

already made similar recommendation as to registration of marriage and

divorce in its 211th )eport titled 9"aws on )egistration of Marriage and

ivorce C


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B. D#o*$t#o o' arr#ae o the ro$d o' %rea4do o'

arr#ae a a add#t#oa* ro$d 'or d#orce ho$*d %e #trod$ced

he at *eat oe o' the o$e # a N $%!ect to a'e$ard

ro#ded %+ *e#*at#o. h# o$*d reE$#re aedet o' thero##o o' the #d$ Marr#ae ct, 1955 ad the Sec#a*

Marr#ae ct, 195. S$ch a ro$d o$*d ro#de N o$e a

!$d#c#a* 'or$ # d#a to ee4 a reed+ o d#a o#* rather tha

#ort# 'ore# !$det o' a*#e co$rt o %rea4do ro$d

ad #e a chace to the d#a o$e to de'ed o coe#et

ad eE$#ta%*e ter # d#a co$rt. he eed 'or th#

aedet $t %e tro*+ ooted %+ the State #th h#h N

o$*at#o to the @oeret o' d#a to eact aror#ate

*e#*at#o %+ $#ta%*e aedet # the e#t# #d$ Marr#ae

ct, 1955 ad Sec#a* Marr#ae ct, 195 #ce #ter-co$tr+

#rat#o 'ro $ch State # ##'#cat ad # *are $%er.

he Co##o ha recet*+ recoeded # #t 217 th eort a

to #cororat#o o' H#rretr#ea%*e %rea4do o' arr#aeI a aro$d 'or d#orce # the a#d ct. $rther, the La Co##o

# #t 65th eort o Heco#t#o o' ore# D#orceI (1976)

ade a rad#ca* deart$re # $et# that, # co#der# the

E$et#o a%o$t the reco#t#o o' 'ore# decree o' d#orce, o$r

co$rt ho$*d %ae the#r dec##o ot o*+ o the E$et#o o'

do#c#*e, %$t a*o o the %a# o' ha%#t$a* re#dece ad

at#oa*#t+. he a#d eort a*o co#dered the ro%*e a%o$t

the ac#**ar+ order aed %+ the 'ore# co$rt # dea*# #th

atr#o#a* roceed# ad o th# atter, the coc*$#o o' the

Co##o a that thee ac#**ar+ order ho$*d ot %e treated

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a %#d# %+ o$r co$rt ee tho$h the 'ore# decree o'

d#orce are reco#ed. hee ac#**ar+ order cocer the

c$tod+ o' ch#*dre ad other a**#ed E$et#o, ad #t a 'e*t that

#t o$*d %e !$r#t#ca**+ #r$det to treat the a %#d#. heCo##o had aeded a B#** et#t*ed Hhe eco#t#o o'

D#orce ad *ea* Searat#o B#**, 1976I #th the a#d eort to

#e hae to #t recoedat#o.

C. :hereer oe o' the o$e # a N, ara**e* add#t#o

$t %e ade # the #d$ Marr#ae ct, 1955 ad the Sec#a*

Marr#ae ct, 195 to ro#de 'or ro##o 'or a#teace ad

a*#o+ o' o$e, ch#*d c$tod+ ad ch#*d $ort a a*o

ett*eet o' atr#o#a* roert+. h# #** e$re that the

o$e / ch#*dre o d#a o#* are a#ta#ed ad ro#ded 'or #

accordace #th the #coe ad tadard o' the N o$e #

the 'ore# !$r#d#ct#o. t a+ a*o %e orthh#*e to $et that

$der ect#o 3 o' he a#*+ Co$rt ct, 19


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roced$re. dea**+ ea4#, # atter ha# roert+

ro%*e, at-trac4 Co$rt $t %e et $ to dea* #th $ch

cae eed#t#o$*+ # accordace #th a t#e %o$d ched$*e.

he =$!a% @oeret ha ade aedet # he ;at=$!a% et etr#ct#o ct ad the =$!a% Sec$r#t+ o' Lad

e$re ct 'or the $ar+ tr#a* o' d#$te reard#

ar#c$*t$ra*, coerc#a* ad re#det#a* roert+. oeer, o

ec#a* at-trac4 Co$rt e#t # ot State #th h#h N

o$*at#o to ett*e thee atter o r#or#t+. 'reh rooa*

ho$*d %e ooted to et $ $ch co$rt a oo a o#%*e.

;. the area o' #ter-areta* ch#*d a%d$ct#o or reoa* o'

ch#*dre to d#a 'ro 'ore# !$r#d#ct#o aa#t co$rt order,

d#a $t %ecoe a #ator+ to the a$e Coet#o o the

C##* ect o' terat#oa* Ch#*d %d$ct#o, 19


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Co##o ha a*read+ recoeded # #t 21


28/28

Law Commission Report No. 219- Need for Family Law Legislations for Non-resident Indians

Documents

Transcript of Law Commission Report No. 219- Need for Family Law Legislations for Non-resident Indians