Laudale Hydro Report - The Highland Council...Laudale Estate, Morvern, Argyll”, an unpublished...

An Archaeological Survey for the Laudale Hydro Schemes, Laudale Estate,

Morvern, Lochaber, Highland.

For Hydroplan UK.

February 2011.

Jennifer G. Robertson MA PhD FSA Scot. MIFA

Garden Cottage, Ardtornish Estate, Morvern, By Oban, Argyll, PA80 5UZ.

Tel. 01967 421234. E-Mail [email protected]

Laudale Hydro Schemes

J.G.Robertson. Ardtornish. February 2011. 1

1. Summary. 27 archaeological sites, comprising 31 individual monuments, were recorded in a desk-based and walkover survey at Liddesdale and Allt na Cloiche, Laudale Estate, Morvern, Lochaber, Highland. At least four (Sites 1.10 – 1.13) were associated with the Morvern Mining company’s operations at the lead mines in Glen Dubh. Another five (Sites 2.4 – 2.8) resulted from the 18th century woodland management practices. The remainder were associated with the agricultural landscape of either the pre-clearance townships or with the subsequent phase of sheep-farming. One scheduled ancient monument is situated in the vicinity of Power House 4: Liddesdale Storehouse, Site 1.10, SAM #5420 . The scheduled area extends to the low water mark and includes the quay, Site 1.11. It will not be physically affected by the construction of the hydro scheme but care will need to be taken with the outflow so that there is no erosion of the shore line below the storehouse. The power house should also be of a design, consistent with the other roofed buildings in the vicinity. Impact assessment and mitigation is summarised in the tables below. Scheme 1: Liddesdale: Site No.

Impact Assessment Mitigation

Site 1.1 Bridge

Situated upstream close to the pipeline.

No action is required.

Site 1.2 Earthen Dyke

Will be cut by the pipeline Keep damage to a minimum and use existing gaps.

Site 1.3 Enclosed Field

Pipelines from Liddesdale Burn and Allt an h-Airigh will cut through the S and NE sides.

Keep damage to a minimum and use existing gaps.

Site 1.4 House and Enclosure

Situated close to pipeline

To be avoided.

Site 1.5 Roofed Building

Situated close to the pipeline and power house. May be used for the power house.

Photographic survey and detailed plan if the building is to be re-used. Watching Brief required during any dismantling of the building.

Site 1.6 Remains of Structure

Situated close to the pipeline and power house.

To be avoided. Trial excavation required if the structure is to be destroyed.

Site 1.7 Enclosed Field

Pipeline runs through this field and the power house may be situated within.

Keep damage to a minimum and re-instate walls after construction.

Site 1.8 Structure

Site is no longer extant. No action is required.

Site 1.9 Structure

Situated close to pipeline and power house

To be marked on the ground to avoid accidental damage.

Site 1.10 Liddesdale Storehouse

Will not be affected physically by the construction but, as a scheduled ancient monument, there may be a visual impact .

Outflow must be well away from the scheduled area, which extends to low water mark. Care needs to be taken with visual impact and power house should be in keeping with surrounding buildings.



Site 1.11 Quay

Quay is within the scheduled area. May be affected by outflow.

Outflow must be well away from the scheduled area,

Site 1.12 Possible Kiln

This site will not be affected by the scheme.


Site 1.13 Cairn



Site 1.14 Gamekeeper’s Cottage



Site 1.15 Dyke

Pipeline from Allt na h-Airigh will cut through this site.

Damage to be kept to a minimum and existing gaps used.

Site 1.16 Possible Arable Ground

Pipeline from Allt na h-Airigh will cut through the dyke.

Damage to be kept to a minimum and dyke to be re-instated after construction.

Scheme 2: Allt na Cloiche Site No.

Impact Assessment Mitigation

Site 2.1 Shieling Settlement

Situated upstream from Intake 4

To be marked on ground to avoid damage

Site 2.2 Shieling or burial mound

Situated close to intake 4 To be avoided and marked on ground.

Site 2.3 Site of bridge

Pipebridge is to re-use this site Bridge abutments to be preserved.

Site 2.4 Woodland enclosure wall

Situated close to pipeline

To be avoided if possible. Pipe could be routed through the gap between end of wall and Allt na Cloiche

Site 2.5 Charcoal Burners’ Platform

Situated close to the route of pipeline.

To be avoided if possible and marked on the ground. Watching Brief required if pipe trench encroaches on the site.


Situated to the West of the pipeline.



Situated to the West of the pipeline.



Situated close to the route of the pipeline

To be avoided if possible and marked on the ground. Watching Brief required if pipe trench encroaches on the site.

Site 2.9 Sheepfold

Situated close to pipeline and power house

No action is required.



Site 2.10 Enclosure

Power house is to be situated within the enclosure and pipeline will cut through the SE sector of the enclosure.

Damage is to be kept to a minimum and the wall re-instated after construction.

Site 2.11 Enclosure

Will not be affected by the proposed scheme

No action required

2. Introduction. An archaeological survey was undertaken on behalf of Hydroplan UK., at Liddesdale and Allt na Cloiche, Laudale Estate, Morvern, Lochaber, Highland (OS 1:10.000 Sheets NM75NE, NM85NW, NM86SW), prior to the proposed construction of two hydro schemes. (See Fig 1: Location Map)

Fig. 1: Location Map (Extract from OS Explorer 383 Morvern & Lochaline) (© Crown copyright 2002. All rights reserved. Licence number 10044103)



Scheme 1: Liddesdale. The proposed hydro scheme at Liddesdale will capture water from the Liddesdale Burn and from the Allt na h-Airigh to the East. (See Fig. 6) A pipeline will follow the eastern bank of Liddesdale Burn and will be joined, on the South side of the Laudale road, by another pipeline which runs from the Allt na h-Airigh, skirting the edge of, and then cutting through, the forestry plantation. A single pipeline will then continue to a power house either on the South or the North side of the road. The survey area lies on granites of the Strontian complex and consists of moderately sloping ground, rising from sea level to a height of 200m OD. Part of the pipeline from Allt na h-Airigh runs through a forestry plantation, which was ploughed and planted with conifers in the 1970’s. Scheme 2: Allt na Cloiche. The proposed hydro scheme at Allt na Cloiche will capture water from the Allt na Cloiche and from the Allt na Creiche to the East. (See Fig. 7) A pipeline will run along the East bank of a tributary of Allt na Cloiche from Intake 3 to be joined, near the SW corner of the forestry plantation, by another pipeline from Intake 2 on a tributary of the Allt na Creiche. A single pipeline continues to the NW, crossing the Allt na Cloiche at NM 81975 59855, to a power house within the enclosure on the West bank of the river mouth. An aqueduct carries water from Intake 4 on Allt na Cloiche to Intake 3 on the tributary. In an alternative route, the two pipelines join further to the SW. The survey area lies on granites of the Strontian complex and consists of ground, which is steeply sloping in the lower portion and more moderately sloping above. It rises from a height of 10m OD to 250m OD. The survey area consists of a narrow strip of ground, 50m either side of the proposed pipelines, an area 50m in diameter around the intakes and 100m in diameter around the powerhouse. 3. Working Methods. The survey consisted of a combination of a desk-based assessment and a rapid walkover survey. The survey benefited from a previous desk-based survey, undertaken by the writer, of the woodlands on Laudale Estate. (Robertson, 2002) 3.1. Desk-based Assessment. The desk-based assessment consisted of the consultation of a variety of sources: 3.1.1. Sites and Monuments Registers. a) The National Monuments Record of Scotland (NMRS), held by RCAHMS, John Sinclair House, 16 Bernard Terrace, Edinburgh EH8 9NX, available on www.rcahms.gov.uk b) The Historic Environment Record (HER), held by the Highland Council Archaeology Unit, Planning and Development Service, Glenurquhart Road, Inverness, IV3 5NX, available on www.ambaile.org Three sites are relevant to the survey area: NMRS NM75NE. 1.0: Liddesdale Lead Mines – buildings, kiln, lead mine, storehouse, farmstead. Includes:

HER MHG 21242, 39299 Liddesdale Storehouse HER MHG 39298 Kiln, Liddesdale HER MHG 46 Farmstead, Liddesdale



NMRS NM75NE.5: Liddesdale – Lead Mine, Manager’s House. NMRS NM86SW.43 (HER MHG 35071) Farmstead (possible), field system 3.1.2. Maps. a) Alexander Bruce: “A Plan of Loch Sunart”, dedicated to Lieutenant General George Wade, 1733. b) William Roy’s Map of Scotland, 1747-55. c) George Langlands & Sons: Map of Argyleshire, 1801. d) David Crawford: Plan of Farms in Morvern, Argyllshire The Property of His Grace The Duke of Argyll, 1819 (Scottish Record Office RH 3260) e) John Thomson: the Atlas of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1832. f) OS 1st Ed. 6” Map Sheets: Argyllshire xxvii and xxviii, surveyed 1872, publ. 1875. g) OS 2nd Ed. 6” Map, publ. 1900. h) OS 1:10,000 Sheets NM75NE, NM85 and NM86. i) OS Explorer 1:25,000, 2002. 3.1.3. Archives. a) Ardtornish Estate Archives: Bruce Map (see above). b) Scottish Record Office, Edinburgh: Map (see above) c) Fort William Library: Census of Morvern 1841, 1851, 1861. d) NMRS RCAHMS: Ian G Lindsay: Plans sections and elevations showing details of survey (of Gamekeeper’s Cottage, Site 1.14), 1952. e) Robertson, Jennifer G.: “A Desk-top Archaeological Survey of the woodlands on Laudale Estate, Morvern, Argyll”, an unpublished report for Bidwells Property Consultants, August 2002. 3.1.4. Aerial Photographs. Aerial photographs were consulted in the RCAHMS Air Photo Unit: a) CPE/UK/0286; Date 28.8.1947; Scale 1:10,000; Frames 4281-4283, 4286-4289. b) CPE/UK/0197; Date 12.10.1946; Scale 1:9,960; Frames 1093-1095, 1097-1101. c) CPE/UK/0195; Date 12.10.1946; Scale 1:25,700; Frames 6105-6109. d) ASS/617/88; Date 7.6.1988; Scale 1:24,000; Frames 166-170. 3.1.5. Published Sources. Lord A. Campbell: Waifs and Strays of Celtic Tradition, Argyllshire Series, 1891. Eric Cregeen: Inhabitants of the Argyll Estate, 1779, Scottish Record Society, 1963. Eric Cregeen: Argyll Estate Instructions, 1771-1805, Scottish History Society, 1964. Philip Gaskell: Morvern Transformed, Cambridge, 1968. H. Cameron Gillies: The Place-names of Argyll, London, 1906. C. Innes: Origines Parochiales Scotiae, (3 vols in 2) Vol II pt I, 1854. JM. Lindsay: “Charcoal iron smelting and its fuel supply; the example of Lorn Furnace, Argyllshire, 1753 – 1876” in Journal of Historical Geography, 1, 3, 283 – 298, 1975. Nicholas Maclean-Bristol: Inhabitants of the Inner Isles Morvern and Arnamurchan 1716, Scottish Record Society, 1998. JRN. MacPhail: “Papers relating to the Macleans of Duart, 1670 – 1680” in Highland Papers I, Edinburgh 1914. Mary Miers: The Western Seaboard, An Architectural Inventory, 2008. RCAHMS: Argyll An Inventory of the Monuments Vol. 3 Mull, Tiree, Coll and Northern Argyll, HMSO, 1980. Sunart Oakwods Research Group (SORG): The Sunart Oakwoods, A Report on their History and Archaeology, 2001.



3.2. Fieldwork. The desk-based research was followed by a rapid walkover survey. This was undertaken in mostly dry and occasionally sunny conditions by the writer between 14th and 19th February 2011. Light snow was encountered on higher ground on the 15th. Survey was hampered in part of the pipeline routes in the Liddesdale scheme within the forestry plantation, which had been ploughed and planted in the 1970’s. 4. Historical Background. 1 “Loch Sunart is become famous by the Greatest National Improvement

this Age has produced” Bruce, 1733.

Thus the map maker, Alexander Bruce, concluded in 1733 from his observations of the lead mining industry on the North and South shores of Loch Sunart. However, the shores of Loch Sunart have a long history of occupation, stretching back, though not necessarily continuously, perhaps 7000 years. Evidence of Mesolithic occupation has been found on the island of Risga and at Barr, Loch Teacuis, on the southern shore of the loch to the West of the survey area. 2 Later prehistoric occupation is suggested by a series of cairns on both sides of the loch, though no prehistoric sites have been recorded in the survey areas. 3 The former existence of an Early Christian chapel or cell might be indicated by the name, Cill Mairi, a burial ground to the West of Laudale, though there are no clear surviving remains. (NMRS NM75NW.2; Gillies, 1906, 107) The Norse derivation of the place-names Laudale, Liddesdale and Easgadail suggest some exploration by Norsemen along the south shore of Loch Sunart during the period of Viking domination from the 11th – 13th centuries, though no material remains have been discovered. (Gillies, 1906, 107) The names may have been applied to features noted from the sea. The earliest record of the survey areas dates to the 16th century, when the survey areas were part of the lands of Liddesdale; “Ledistill” [Liddesdale] was granted in 1541 to Ewin McMartying. (Gaskell, 1968, 164) In 1674, Lidistill (with Beach) comprised a 5 ½ merkland and paid £333 6s 8d in rent along with, among other things, 6 quarts of butter and 6 stone of cheese. (MacPhail, 1914, 285-6) The earliest record of any inhabitants in the survey area is in 1716, when an inventory was made of the male residents of Ardnamurchan, Morvern and the Inner Hebrides in the aftermath of the 1715 Rebellion. (Maclean Bristol, 1998) Eight adult men were recorded at “Lidistill & Gortanbeg”. The Lidistill settlement was presumably focussed at the mouth of Liddesdale Burn around the present cluster of buildings (Sites 1. 4 – 1.14), though remains of another farmstead have been recorded upstream outside the survey area at NM 7715 5862. (NMRS NM75NE.7) “Gortanbeg”, in the later 18th century, comprises the area between Allt na Cloiche and “Dergalt” [Lurg an Dearg Uillt] and may therefore correspond to remains in the vicinity of Lochhead Cottage (NMRS NM86SW.10) rather than the possible old farmstead on the West bank of Allt na Cloiche, Site 2.10. Some antagonism is indicated in the 1716 Inventory, possibly between the two townships: of the eight

1 Much of this is based on a previous unpublished report by the writer: “A Desk-top Archaeological Survey of the woodlands on Laudle Estate, Morvern Argyll”, 2002. 2 Risga NMRS NM65NW.22; Barr NMRS NM65NW.5. 3 Carnoch, Camusine and Glencripesdale (RCAHMS, 1980, 54, 53, 56); Salen, Resipole and Ariundle (SORG, 2001, 20-21)



men recorded at “Lidistll & Gortanbeg”, two had joined the rebellion and three the Hanoverian militia. (Maclean-Bristol, 1998, 85-6) While the agricultural settlement was based around the mouth of Liddesdale Burn, a major upheaval must have occurred after 1730, when the Morvern Company acquired the mining rights for the lead mines at Lurga in Glen Dubh at NM 732 554 and constructed its terminal buildings at “Liedgesdale”. (RCHMS, 1980, 250) Thus, according to Alexander Bruce, by 1733: “they have built a handsome dwelling house for their Manager Clerks & Office att Liedgesdale besides a Key with a compleat Storehouse upon it. Two Warehouses Lodging houses for workmen two large Stables & as many Barns a Malt kiln a Smiths shop & Workhouse besides several Biggings att Glendon from whence they have made a Road to Liedgesdale pavd or laid with gravel its Streets & passages besides brought in & inclosed all ye adjacent grounds for Tillage Hay Pasture & Gardens.” (Bruce, 1733) Only the storehouse, Site 1.10, and quay, Site 1.11, can be clearly identified today and Site 1.12, may be the remains of the malt kiln. These are the only buildings, which the RCAHMS considers to have survived. (1980, 250-1) The buildings are depicted in the vignette of Liedgesdale on Bruce’s Plan of Loch Sunart of 1733. (See Fig. 2)

Fig. 2: Extract from “Plan of Loch Sunart” by Alexander Bruce, 1733. The accuracy of the vignette is difficult to establish; the storehouse and quay correspond closely to the surviving remains, although the drainage pattern is different: the two streams flowing through the settlement are separate streams rather than bifurcating from a single river. It may, however, still be possible to equate other remains with buildings on the vignette; thus the rudimentary remains of structures, Sites 1.6 and 1.9, may correspond to two buildings depicted between the two stream



mouths. (See Figs. 2 & 4) Similarly, the house, Site 1.4a, may correspond to one of the four buildings at the top of the vignette. The present roofed structures, the Gamekeepers Cottage, Site 1.14 and the building, Site 1.5, are more problematic. These are on the sites of Bruce’s buildings, the former corresponding to the Mine Manager’s House and Miers considers them to be the original buildings. (Miers, 2008, 80) However, they are of differing designs and on completely different alignments. (See Figs. 2 & 4) The mining company was short-lived and, in 1749, the lead works were flooded. (RCAHMS, 1980, 252) A “slated store house”, which was converted in 1754 into a dwelling for the tacksman of Liddesdale, was probably the Morvern Company storehouse, Site 1.10. (Gaskell, 1968, 168) The agricultural population presumably carried on as before the mining disruption, using the “inclosed … adjacent grounds for Tillage Hay Pasture & Gardens”. (Bruce, 1733) Roy’s map of 1747-55 shows the settlement at Liddesdale with a cluster of buildings on the East bank of the burn and an enclosure on the West bank, all surrounded by extensive arable. (See Fig. 3) Dykes, such as Site 1.2, enclosed parcels of arable ground, much of which, on the evidence of aerial photographs, extended westwards of the Liddesdale Burn. A further arable field was noted on air photos to the East of Upper Liddesdale Cottage, of which the dyke, Site 1.16, may the only visible fragment on the ground.

Fig. 3: Extract from Roy’s Map of Scotland, 1747-55. By the 18th century, the whole of the southern shore of Loch Sunart belonged to the Duke of Argyll, along with much of Morvern. The 5th Duke played an active role in the running of the estate, taking a keen interest in the management of resources, such as woodland, and kelp, as well as the lives of his tenants. (Cregeen, 1964, passim) In 1770, Liddesdale was a tacksman’s farm and still primarily devoted to cattle raising. (Gaskell, 1968, 17) In 1779, along with the tacksman and his family, five cottars, two workmen and one herd lived with their families at “Lidisdale”, amounting to a population of 53 in nine households. (Cregeen, 1963, 68) It was at Liddesdale that a story was recorded about a farmer, making a pact with the devil in return for help with ploughing. (Campbell, 1891)



In the 1770’s and 1780’s, the Duke turned his attention to his woodlands and efforts to maximise this resource. Thus, he instructed his agent to “consider how the Morvern woods are to be enclosed”. (Cregeen, 1964, 121) “The enclosure of the woods in Morvern was recommended to the Duke in the report made in 1771 … “The area in Morvern to the South of Loch Sunart, and including the farms of Laudale, Camussalloch, Glencrepusdale and Rahoy, should be enclosed and turned into a permanent forest “capable of producing in time a quantity of timber sufficient to supply all the demands of the great estate of Argyll, or if sold at the perfection of twenty years’ growth may fetch a price more considerable than the rent these lands can produce during that time in any other state of improvement. “ In this, and other measures, the Duke appears to have closely followed the advice given in this anonymous report.” (ibid.) A wood-ranger was installed at Liddesdale before 1787, with another at Glencripesdale, and four woodland enclosures were considered East of the Laudale River. (Cregeen, 1964, 125, 131) They seem to have been under construction in 1787-8 and, according to the agreement made with Angus and Archibald MacInneshes in 1786, stone dykes were to be four feet high and taper from a width of three feet at the base to 18 inches at the top. The dykes were then to be coped with two layers of sods. (op.cit., 134-5) “Glachvore”, described as “in sight of Liddesdale houses” is probably an area around Rubh’ an t-Sabhail to the West of the Liddesdale survey area. (op. cit., 125,131) Of more relevance to the present survey is the enclosure “from Altescadter to Altanacloich”: “The inclosure of Altescadter begins at Altescadter and goes by the top of the wood to Altnacloich. This is a very thriving bank of ash and oak and well worth enclosing.” (ibid.) The enclosure of this area required 309 roods of stone dyke at 6/6 per rood and 36 roods of stone dyke at 3/- per rood, amounting to a total of £105 16s 6d in addition to an annual deduction of rent of £6. (ibid.) “Altnacloich” is clearly Allt na Cloiche and Altescadter probably corresponds to Allt Easgadill to the West. A dyke running between these two streams was recorded on the OS 1st Ed. 6” map and was recorded in the present survey as Site 2.4. The area within the enclosure closely corresponds to the 345 roods or 34.93ha, stipulated in the 1786 agent’s report. Associated with woodland enclosure is evidence of charcoal burning. Charcoal was sent from many locations in Argyll to feed blast furnaces, such as that of the Furnace Company in Bonawe, which operated from 1753 to 1876. (Lindsay, 1975, 92) Timber (presumably made into charcoal in situ) seems to have been sent to Bonawe from locations along the Morvern shore of Loch Sunart, including Laudale and Liddesdale at least between 1786 and 1790. (Lindsay, 1975, 292; Cregeen, 1964, 165) The charcoal burners’ platforms, Sites 2.5 – 2.8, presumably date to this episode and it is important to note that there are very likely to be more platforms within the woodland enclosure, outside the survey area. Farming continued alongside the woodland enclosure, the farmers being compensated for loss of grazing. In 1788, the Duke and his agent discussed the division of Liddesdale into two farms, a division which took place between 1807 and 1826, if not before. A march dyke between East and West Liddesdale was constructed, much of which lies within a forest plantation but was recorded on the OS 1st Ed. 6” map. (Argyllshire xxvii, 1875) However, the NE side of the enclosed field, Site 1.3, may well be the NW end of this dyke, later incorporated into a field.



At some stage, the tacksmen’s farms were converted to sheep farms. (Gaskell, 1968, 16) The population of Liddesdale dwindled through the 19th century, though there do not seem to have been any evictions. By 1872, the large enclosed field, Site 1.3, and the enclosure, Site 1.7, had been constructed, superimposed on earlier structures. A structure had been built but abandoned at Allt na Cloiche, possibly corresponding to a farmstead, Site 10, but the sheepfold, Site 9, had not yet been constructed. The Argyll Morvern Estates were put on the market in 1819. (Gaskell, 1968, 24) Liddesdale Estate went through a succession of owners until it was amalgamated with other lands under the Newton family in 1871 into one large estate of Glencripesdale. (op. cit., 162-5) Subsequently, this estate was broken up, with the combined lands of Laudale and Liddesdale forming a single unit, which continues today. 5. Gazetteer of Sites: Scheme 1: Liddesdale. 1.1. Bridge. NGR NM 77638 58642

A bridge is still extant across the Liddesdale Burn downstream from the present bridge carrying the A884 road. Stone abutments on both sides of the river support a concrete superstructure. Refs: OS 1:10,000 NM75NE, 1973. Photo (left) from E. Impact Assessment: This site lies close to the proposed pipeline along Liddesdale Burn. Mitigation: The bridge is not of any great antiquity and no action is required.

1.2. Dyke. NGR W end NM 77901 59305 E end NM 77941 59310

An earthen bank, 0.80m in width and 0.60m in height, runs eastwards from Liddesdale Burn towards the A884 road across the route of the pipeline. The dyke can be followed westwards to the top of the steep-sided gorge, containing Liddesdale Burn, but on pre-forestry aerial photographs, it can be traced running further W and NW through what is now coniferous plantation, as far as the unnamed burn which flows to Rubh’

an t-Sabhail. Eastwards, the dyke can be traced to NM 77941 59310, where it disappears under thick gorse, though, on air photos, it continues as far as the A884 road. The air photos also reveal rig and furrow on either side of this dyke, to the West of Liddesdale Burn and the dyke was presumably associated with the agricultural landscape of the Liddesdale settlement, dating to the18th century and probably earlier.



Refs: AP CPE/Scot/UK286; Frame 4281. Photo (above) from the middle of the gap at NM 77920 59303, from SW. Impact Assessment: The proposed pipeline along the Liddesdale Burn will cut through this dyke. Mitigation: Damage must be kept to a minimum and use existing gaps where possible. There is a gap on the proposed pipeline route between NM 77918 59307 and NM 77924 59308. 1.3. Enclosed Field. NGR NW end NM 77900 59640 SE end at gate NM 77946 59327 A large enclosure, 320m NW-SE by 210m and slightly trapezoidal in plan, is situated on the NE side of the Liddesdale Burn. It is defined by a stone wall on the SW, SE and NE sides and by the shore of Loch Sunart on the NW side. The wall takes the form of a stony bank, 1.30m in width and 0.60m in height, on the SW side, a wall of coursed drystone masonry, 0.60m in width and 1.15m in height, along the SE side and a low stone wall, 0.80m in width and 0.30m in height along the NE side. The enclosure was constructed at least by 1872 and the original eastern corner was truncated by realignment of the A884 road. It is possible that the NE side was the NW end of the March Dyke, between East and West Liddesdale, discussed in 1788. (See above p.9) Refs: OS 1st Ed. 6” Map Sheet Argyllshire xxvii, surveyed 1872, publ. 1875. OS 1:10,000 Sheet NM75NE, 1973 – West side only. OS Explorer 383, 2002 – West side only.

AP CPE/Scot/UK286; Frame 4281.

The enclosed field: S wall and gate, from S. The enclosed field, NE wall at pipe

crossing at NM 78061 59535, from SE. Impact Assessment: The proposed pipelines run through this enclosure and will cut through the dyke at the SE and NE sides. Mitigation: Damage should be kept to a minimum and existing gaps should be used where possible. There is a gap on the proposed pipeline route at NM 77914 59352, where most of the wall has collapsed though the base layer continues. 1.4. House and enclosure. The remains of a house and enclosure are situated within the large walled enclosure, Site 1.3. (See Fig. 4) Site 1.4a. House. NGR NM 77924 59523 A round-angled rectangular structure, 9.60m NE-SW by 5.0m, is situated on a rocky knoll, propped up at the NE end on a boulder outcrop. It is defined by a wall of coursed masonry, which survives up to a height of 1.20m internally at the NE end and a maximum of 0.90m at the sides. It has a slight batter, tapering from a width of 0.70m at the base to 0.60m at the present top. There is no evidence of cruck slots



and an entrance, now blocked, opened in the NE side. This house may have been part of Liddesdale township, first recorded in 1541, or may have been associated with the 18th century Liddesdale Lead Mines. It corresponds with an unroofed structure depicted on the OS 1st Ed. 6” map and possibly one of the buildings on Bruce’s plan of 1733. (See Fig. 2) If the vignette of “Liedgesdale” on the latter plan is accurate, Site 1.4a may correspond with one of the row of houses, aligned roughly E-W, at the highest part of the settlement. Site 1.4b. Enclosure. NGR NM 77506 59511 A small enclosure, squarish in plan and measuring 11.50m NW-SE by 11.50 NE-SW, is situated 13.5om to the SW of the house, Site 1.4a. It is defined by earth and stone bank, 0.90m in width and 0.60m in height, which incorporates some large boulders, including at least one earthfast outcrop. The NE side is the least well-preserved and an electricity pole stands at the SE side. This enclosure was pertaining to the adjacent house, Site 1.4a, and either part of the Liddesdale Township or associated with the Liddesdale Lead Mines.

House, 1.4a, from W. Enclosure, 1.4b, from S. Refs: Alexander Bruce: A plan of Loch Sunart, 1733 – depicts the settlement at Liddesdale.

OS 1st Ed. 6” map Sheet Argyllshire xxvii, surveyed 1872, publ. 1875 – shows the house only.

OS 1:10,000 Map Sheet NM75NW, 1973 – house only. OS Explorer 383, 2002 – house only.

Impact Assessment: The proposed pipeline runs close to this site. Mitigation: It should be possible to avoid this site. 1.5. Roofed building. NGR NE end NM 77854 59589

A rectangular building, roofed and still in use, is situated on the East bank of the Liddesdale Burn, immediately below the Laudale road. It was built by 1872 but it is not clear if it has earlier origins. RCAHMS does not consider this to be one of the original buildings of the 1730’s, though Mary Miers does. It may have been re-roofed some time after the 1940’s as it does not appear to be roofed on the 1947 aerial photograph. Refs: OS 1st Ed. 6” Map Sheet

Argyllshire xxvii, surveyed 1872, publ. 1875.



OS 1:10,000 Map Sheet NM75NE, 1973. OS Explorer 383, 2002.

RCAHMS, 1980, 250-1 Mary Miers, 2008, 80

AP CPE/Scot/UK 286; Frame 4281. Photo (above) from NW. (See Fig. 4) Impact Assessment: This site lies close to the proposed pipeline and power house and may be used for the power house. Mitigation: A photographic survey and detailed plan is recommended if the building is to be reused. A watching brief would also be valuable during any dismantling, in case the building has earlier origins.

Fig. 4: Plan of Sites at Liddesdale, Sites 1.3 – 1.14.



1.6. Remains of structure. NGR NM 77843 59604

The remains of a structure are situated to the SW of the enclosed field, Site 1.7 on the east bank of Liddesdale Burn. The remains consist of a single wall, L-shaped in plan, measuring 3.50m in length WNW-ESE and 2.50m NNW-SSE. The wall measures 0.50m in width and 0.20m in height. The remains may represent two sides of a former structure, which may have continued southeastwards to NM 77846 59606 and southwestwards to NM 77840 59601. It was possibly associated

with the Liddesdale township or with Liddesdale Lead Mining Company. If the vignette of “Liedgesdale” on Bruce’s 1733 plan is accurate, Site 1.6 may correspond with the house on the lower right, between the two streams. (See Fig. 2) Refs: Alexander Bruce: A plan of Loch Sunart, 1733 – depicts the settlement at Liddesdale. Photo (above) from SW. (See Fig. 4) Impact Assessment: This site is situated close to the proposed pipeline and power house. Mitigation: In case this is a relic of the old agricultural or mining settlement, it would be best avoided. Trial excavation would be required if the structure is to be destroyed. 1.7. Enclosed field. NGR N corner NM 77873 59640 W corner NM 77834 59630 S corner NM 77878 59615 E corner NM 77849 59592 An enclosed field, slightly trapezoidal in plan and measuring 40m NE-SW by 40m, is situated on the East bank of Liddesdale Burn just above the shore of Loch Sunart. It is enclosed by a well-built and well-preserved wall of coursed drystone masonry with rounded corners in the N and W but squared corners in the S and possibly E. A gate, 1.20m in width, opens in the East side and another, 2.70m wide, opens in the West side. The wall has a pronounced batter, tapering from a width of 0.85m at the base to 0.40m at the top and reaches a height of 1.40m. This enclosure was constructed by 1872 but is a relatively late feature at Liddesdale; it was built on top of an earlier structure, Site 1.9, and is not depicted on Bruce’s plan of Loch Sunart or vignette of “Liedgesdale”.

Enclosure, from N. Enclosure, detail of masonry, from NW. (See Fig. 4)



Refs: OS 1st Ed. 6” Map Sheet Argyllshire xxvii, surveyed 1872, publ. 1875. OS 1:10,000 Map Sheet NM75NE, 1973. OS Explorer 383, 2002. AP CPE/Scot/UK 286; Frame 4281. Impact Assessment: The pipeline runs through this field and the power house may be situated within. Mitigation: Damage should be kept to a minimum and the walls re-instated after construction. 1.8. Structure. NGR NM 77840 59633 A roofed structure was recorded on the NW side of the enclosed field, Site 1.7, in 1872 but no trace is now extant. It may have been a wooden structure, which has been completely removed. Refs: OS 1st Ed. 6” Map Sheet Argyllshire xxvii, surveyed 1872, publ. 1875. Impact Assessment: This site is no longer extant. Mitigation: No action is required. 1.9. Remains of Structure. NGR NM77851 59638

The remains of a rectangular structure, 18m NE-SW by 5m, can be traced on the NW side of the enclosed field, Site 1.7. It consists of the basal layer of stones, 0.70m in width and 0.30m in height, and the enclosed field, Site 1.7, has been built over its SE side. These remains are recorded, on the OS 1st Ed 6” map, as an unroofed structure on the NE side of a roofed building, Site 1.8, which is no longer extant. It was thus constructed at some time before 1872 and may possibly

correspond with the building between the two streams to the right of the storehouse on Bruce’s vignette of “Liedgesdale”, if the latter is accurate. (See Fig. 2) Refs: OS 1st Ed. 6” Map Sheet Argyllshire xxvii, surveyed 1872, publ. 1875. AP CPE/Scot/UK 286; Frame 4281 Photo (above) from SW. (See Fig. 4) Impact Assessment: This site is close to the proposed pipeline and power house. Mitigation: It should be possible to avoid this site. 1.10. Liddesdale Storehouse. NGR NM 77892 59667 The relatively well-preserved but roofless storehouse of the Morvern Mining Company, associated with the Lurga lead mines in Glen Dubh (at NM 732 554) is situated on the shore of Loch Sunart to the West of Liddesdale Burn. It consists of a rectangular building of rubble masonry, 19.75m NE-SW by 7m, comprising two storeys and a garret. Opposed entrances open through the NW and SE sides and another, now blocked, once gave access through the SW end. A fireplace was contained in the SW end at first floor level. The storehouse was part of a suite of buildings constructed for the Morvern Company, between 1730 and 1733, when they were depicted on Bruce’s Plan of Loch Sunart. (See Fig. 2) However, the mining venture was short-lived and, in about 1754, this site may have been the “slated store house” which was converted into a dwelling for the tacksman. (Gaskell, 1968, 168) An internal partition, possibly to support a staircase, may date to this conversion. A small modern lean-to structure abuts the SW end of the SE side and corresponds to the roofed structure on modern maps.



Refs: Scheduled Ancient Monument #5420 – scheduled area consists of the structure and the area down to the low water mark (to include the quay). NMRS NM75NE.1.01 HER MHG21242

Alexander Bruce: A Plan of Loch Sunart, 1733. OS 1st Ed. 6” map Sheet Argyllshire xxvii, surveyed 1872, publ. 1875. OS 1:10,000 Map Sheet NM75NW, 1973. OS Explorer 383, 2002. RCAHMS, 1980, 250-1 Mary Miers, 2008, 80 AP CPE/Scot/UK286; Frame 4281.

Photo (on front cover) the storehouse, from NE.

Storehouse, internal SW gable, from NE. Storehouse, internal NE gable, from SW. (See Fig. 4) Impact Assessment: This site is situated at least 60m from the proposed pipeline and power house. Mitigation: As a scheduled ancient monument, permission may be required from Historic Scotland. Care will need to be taken with the outflow from the power house so that the scheduled area is not affected. The power house should also be in keeping with the standing buildings. 1.11. Quay. NGR NW end NM 77899 59678

SE end NM 77883 59666 A row of massive boulders, parallel to and 4.60m from, the storehouse, Site 1.10, marks the remains of the quay associated with the Morvern Mining Company in the 1730’s, described as “a Key with a compleat Storehouse upon it” on Bruce’s Plan of Loch Sunart, 1733. (See Fig. 2) Refs: Scheduled Ancient Monument #5420 – scheduled area consists of the



storehouse and the area down to the low water mark (to include the quay). NMRS NM75NE.1.01 (part of) HER MHG21242 (part of)

Alexander Bruce: A Plan of Loch Sunart, 1733 – quay is depicted in vignette of Liedgesdale.

RCAHMS, 1980, 250-1 Photo (above) from ENE. (See Fig. 4) Impact Assessment: This site is situated at least 60m from the proposed pipeline and power house. Mitigation: As a scheduled ancient monument, permission may be required from Historic Scotland. Care will need to be taken with the outflow from the power house so that the scheduled area is not affected. The power house should also be in keeping with the standing buildings. 1.12. Possible Kiln. NGR NM 77936 59659

A hollow, 2.60m NE-SW by 1.40m and roughly triangular in plan, has been dug out of the slope to a depth of 0.70m, beside a large natural boulder. The N side is defined by the latter and the S side by a rise in slope and slight bank. The whole structure measures 4m NE-SW by 3m externally. This may be the remains of the “malt kiln” described amongst the buildings of the Morvern Company at “Liedgesdale” on Bruce’s Plan of Loch Sunart, 1733.

Refs: NMRS NM75NE.1.01 (part of) HER MHG 39298

Alexander Bruce: A Plan of Loch Sunart, 1733 RCAHMS, 1980, 250-1

Photo (above) from SW. (See Fig. 4) Impact Assessment: This site will not be affected by the proposed scheme. Mitigation: No action is required. 1.13. Cairn. NGR NM 77929 59665

A mound of stones, 5m in diameter and up to 0.90m in height to the N and 0.40m in height to the S, is situated to the SE of the storehouse, Site 1.10, adjacent to the possible kiln, Site 1.12. This may be a collection of stones from demolished buildings associated with the Morvern Mining Company in the 1730’s. A tree is now growing on top. Photo (above) from SE. (See Fig. 4)

Impact Assessment: This site will not be affected by the proposed scheme. Mitigation: No action is required.



1.14. Gamekeeper’s Cottage. NGR W corner NM 77902 59627

A roofed building is situated to the S of the storehouse, Site 1.10, just below the Laudale road. It was built by 1872 but it is not clear if it has earlier origins. It is roughly in the location of the mine manager’s house on Bruce’s vignette of “Liedgesdale”, in 1733 (See Fig. 2) but is on a different alignment. RCAHMS does not consider this to be one of the original buildings of the 1730’s, though Mary Miers does.

Refs: Alexander Bruce: A Plan of Loch Sunart, 1733. OS 1st Ed. 6” map Sheet Argyllshire xxvii, surveyed 1872, publ. 1875. Plans, sections and elevations by Ian G Lindsay, 1952 – in RCAHMS library. OS 1:10,000 Map Sheet NM75NW, 1973. OS Explorer 383, 2002. RCAHMS, 1980, 250-1 Mary Miers, 2008, 80 AP CPE/Scot/UK286; Frame 4281.

Photo (above) from WSW. (See Fig. 4) Impact Assessment: This site will not be affected by the proposed scheme. Mitigation: No action is required. 1.15. Dyke. NGR SW end NM 78076 59509

An earthen dyke runs to the NE from the large enclosure, Site 1.3. It is rather indistinct at first, running through marshy ground but, from NM 78086 59521, it is more substantial, measuring 1.30m in width and 0.40m in height. At NM 78109 59546 a wooden post and wire fence runs alongside, parallel to the SE. The dyke continues to the NE beyond the survey area.

Refs: OS 1st Ed. 6” map Sheet Argyllshire xxvii, surveyed 1872, publ. 1875. AP CPE/Scot/UK286; Frame 4281.

Photo (above) at NM 78118 59560, from NNE Impact Assessment: The proposed pipeline from Allt na h-Airigh will cut through this dyke at approximately NM 78086 59521. Mitigation: Damage should be kept to a minimum and the dyke re-instated after construction. Gaps or the marshy ground, where the dyke is less distinct between NM 78076 59509 and NM 78086 59521, could be used. 1.16. Possible arable ground. NGR (NE end of dyke) NM 78208 59461 An enclosed arable field is visible on aerial photographs immediately above and to the SE of Upper Liddesdale Cottage. This consists of a sub-rectangular area, approximately 75m NW-SE by 65m, enclosed by an earthen dyke and containing rig and furrow, oriented NNW-SSE. The SE end is now forested and difficult to trace in forestry ploughing and planting, while the NW part is overgrown and disturbed.



No traces of rig and furrow could be detected on the ground. However, a fragment of an earthen bank, running from NM 78166 59463 northeastwards to NM 78208 59461, may be the remains of the enclosing dyke on the NW side of the arable. The bank measures 0.80m in width and 0.40m in height. Refs: AP CPE/Scot/UK286; Frame 4281. Photo (left) at NM 78176 59459, from SW.

Impact Assessment: The proposed pipeline from Allt na h-Airigh will cut through this dyke at approximately NM 78176 59459. Mitigation: Damage should be kept to a minimum and the dyke re-instated after construction. Scheme 2: Allt na Cloiche. Site 2.1. Shieling Settlement. A small settlement, presumably associated with summer grazing, is situated beside the upper reaches of Allt na Cloiche, immediately upstream from Intake 4. It comprises a closely grouped row of rudimentary structures on the SW bank of the river in a sheltered location at the foot of a vertical rocky cliff. The adjacent mix of herb-rich grass and moss is distinguishable from afar in contrast to the surrounding molinia grass and heather. The combination of the bend in the river and the shelter below the cliffs produces a typical location for a shieling settlement. The structures are all very small and possibly used mostly for storage. a) Shieling Hut or Store. NGR NM 81396 58539

A small structure, 2.10m N-S by 1.40m internally is the westernmost in a row of probable shieling huts or stores at the foot of a cliff. It abuts a large natural boulder, which forms the rear, South, wall. The N, W and E sides are defined by a partly overgrown “wall” of roughly laid stones and boulders, 0.70m in width and 0.30m in height. Photo (left) from N.



b) D-shaped structure. NGR NM 81414 58532

A rudimentary structure, D-shaped in plan, abuts the vertical face of a large boulder, 1m in height, which forms the rear, South, wall. The interior consists of a very level floor, measuring 2.50m N-S by 2m. The N, W and E sides are defined by a “wall” of roughly laid boulders, 0.50m in width and 0.60m in height. Photo (left) from N.

c) Shieling Hut or Store. NGR NM 81414 58531

A small rudimentary structure, 1.60m E-W by 1.60m externally, is situated to the West of the D-shaped structure, Site 2.1b. The very small interior is sub-circular in plan and measures 0.80m E-W by 0.70m. It is defined by walls of roughly coursed stone, 0.50m in width and 1m in height, which are slightly corbelled to partially roof the interior. Photo (left) from N.

d) Possible Shieling Hut or Store. NGR NM 81405 58533

An arrangement of stones, which may have occurred naturally rather than man-made, surround an “interior”, 1.50m N-S by 0.90m, which may have been used in conjunction with the huts, Sites 2.1a-c. Photo (left) from N.

Impact Assessment: This group of structures lies just upstream from the proposed Intake 4 at NM 81470 58578. Mitigation: The site should be marked on the ground to avoid accidental damage to these structures during construction of the Intake.



Site 2.2. Shieling Hut or possible Burial Mound. NGR NM 81449 58555

A rectangular depression within a moss and grass-covered mound is situated on the NW bank of the Allt na Cloiche, immediately upstream from the proposed Intake 4. The depression measures 3.70m N-S by 2m internally and is surrounded by a slight bank, 0.50m in width and 0.10m in height. A thin stone slab once stood upright on the inner face of the North end, though has now fallen inwards. This site may be the remains of another sheiling hut, associated with Sites

2.1a-d, or it may possibly be a burial mound. Photo (above) from N – the fallen stone lies immediately behind the scale. Impact Assessment: This structure lies very close to the proposed Intake 4 at NM 81470 58578. Mitigation: The site is to be avoided and should be marked on the ground to avoid accidental damage during construction of the Intake. Site 2.3. Site of Bridge. NGR (W side) NM 81969 59861 The site of a former bridge across the Allt na Cloiche is indicated by stone abutments on either side f the river. The abutments consist of at least two courses of large stones atop natural boulders topped with two cast iron poles, which were presumably supports for some kind of superstructure. The W abutment is at NM 81969 59861 and the East abutment is at NM 81975 59855.

E bridge abutment, from W. W bridge abutment, from E. Impact Assessment: The pipebridge for the proposed pipeline re-uses this route. Mitigation: The old bridge abutments should be preserved. Site 2.4. Woodland Enclosure Wall. NGR E end NM 81961 59867 A substantial stone wall runs roughly E-W across the slope between Allt na Cloiche and Allt Easgadill. From the eastern end at a small gully, just to the West of Allt na Cloiche, it runs westwards, consisting of a substantial wall of coursed stone, 0.90m in width and up to 0.90m in height. It continues as a stone coursed wall as far as an unnamed tributary at NM 81898 59864 after which it continues beyond the survey area as an overgrown stony bank. This wall corresponds to the woodland enclosure, “From Altescadter [ Allt Easgadill] to Achnacloich”, built under the instructions of the Duke of Argyll in the 1780’s: “The inclosure of Altescadter begins at Altescadter and goes by the top of the wood to Achnacloich. This is a very thriving bank of ash and oak and well worth enclosing”.



(Cregeen, 1964, 125, 131) The enclosure of this area required 309 roods of stone dyke at 6/6 per rood and 36 roods of stone dyke at 3/- per rood, amounting to a total of £105 16s 6d in addition to an annual reduction of rent of £6. (ibid.) Construction seems to have been underway in 1787-8 by Angus and Archibald MacInneshes, who were required to provide stone dykes, four feet high and tapering from a width of three feet at the base to eighteen inches at the top. The dykes were then to be coped with two layers of earthen sods. (op. cit., 144, 149, 134-5)

Woodland wall from NM 81975 59855, from E. Wall at NM 81944 59872, from SW Refs: OS 1st Ed. 6” Map Sheet Argyllshire xxviii, OS 1:10,000 NM OS Explorer 383, 2002. AP CPE/Scot/UK/286; Frame 4286. Cregeen, 1964, 125, 131. Robertson, 2002. Impact Assessment: The proposed pipeline from the pipebridge across Allt na Cloiche runs close to this wall. Mitigation: This historic wall should be avoided if possible. Ideally, the pipeline could be routed through the gap between the eastern end of the wall and Allt na Cloiche. Sites 2.5 – 2.8. Charcoal Burners’ Platforms. These platforms are situated within the woodland enclosure, Site 2.4. They were presumably constructed for the production of charcoal and were contemporary with the woodland enclosure, dating to 1787-8. The charcoal was probably amongst that sent to the Bonawe iron furnace, near Taynuilt from the shore of Loch Sunart between 1786 and 1790. (Lindsay, 1975, 292; Cregeen, 1964, 165) It is most likely that there are numerous others within the woodland enclosure, which stretches westwards to Allt Easgadill. Site 2.5. Charcoal Burners’ Platform. NGR NM 81932 59923

A level platform, elliptical in plan and measuring 7.50m S-N (rear to front) by 9.60m E-W, is situated on a promontory between Allt na Cloiche and an unnamed tributary to the West, within the woodland enclosure, Site 2.4. The platform has been cut into the slope, producing a rear escarpment, c. 0.70m in height, and earth has been thrown downhill to produce a frontal declivity c. 0.90m in height. There is



no revetment around the front sector. The interior is level but masked by clumps of bracken. Photo (above) from E. Impact Assessment: This platform is situated close to the proposed pipeline. Mitigation: The platform should be avoided if possible. It should be marked on the ground to avoid accidental damage. Site 2.6. Charcoal Burners’ Platform. NGR NM 81894 59948

A level platform, elliptical in plan and measuring 6.70m S-N (rear to front) by 9.50m E-W, is situated on the West side of a small stream, to the West of Allt na Cloiche, within the woodland enclosure, Site 2.4. The platform has been cut into the slope, producing a rear escarpment, c. 0.70m in height. Earth was presumably thrown downhill though there is no pronounced frontal declivity and the platform slopes gradually to merge with the hillside. One very large natural

boulder marks the edge of the front sector. The interior is level but masked a thick cover of bracken. Photo (above) from W. Impact Assessment: This platform is situated on the West side of the proposed pipeline. Mitigation: The platform should be marked on the ground to avoid accidental damage. Site 2.7. Charcoal Burners’ Platform. NGR NM 81834 59993

A level platform, sub-circular in plan and measuring 7.40m S-N (rear to front) by 6.30m E-W, is situated c. 100m to the West of Allt na Cloiche, within the woodland enclosure, Site 2.4. The platform has been cut into the slope, producing a rear escarpment, c. 0.60m in height, and earth has been thrown downhill to produce a frontal declivity up to 1m in height. There is no revetment around the front sector. The interior is level but masked by a thick cover of bracken.

Photo (above) from E Impact Assessment: This platform is situated on the West side of the proposed pipeline. Mitigation: The platform should be marked on the ground to avoid accidental damage. Site 2.8. Charcoal Burners’ Platform. NGR NM 81837 60079 A level platform, almost triangular in plan and measuring 6m S-N (rear to front) by 8.50m, is situated on the west bank of the gorge containing Allt na Cloiche. This platform seems to be mostly a natural feature, which slopes up at the rear, to a height of c.0.60m, and slopes steeply in front, for c. 2m, into a small gully.



However, it seems to have been enhanced to produce a level, well-drained floor: a slight ditch has been dug around the S, rear sector. Photo (left) from W. Impact Assessment: The proposed pipeline passes close by the western sector of this feature. Mitigation: The platform should be avoided if possible. A watching brief during excavation will be required if the pipe trench encroaches on the platform.

Site 2.9. Sheepfold. NGR E end NM 81843 60214 W end NM 81812 60212 A sheep fank is situated immediately to the South of the A884 road and the shore of Loch Sunart, on the West side of Allt na Cloiche. It has been superimposed on an earlier enclosure and possible farmstead, Site 2.10, which seems to be built over an even earlier enclosure, Site 211. (See Fig 5) The sheep fank consists of four compartments and is defined by a wall of coursed mortared masonry. a) Northeasternmost compartment, trapezoidal in plan and measuring 12m NW-SE by 13m at the NW end and 5m at the SE end. The east wall, 0.60m in width and 0.90m in height, consists of drystone masonry and follows a sinuous course. This may be the remnant of an earlier enclosure, Site 2.11, replaced by a later enclosure, Site 2.10, and then subsequently by the sheepfold, Site 2.9. b) SW of a), 15.50m NE-SW by 6m is defined by walls of mortared stone. The width of the NE wall, (0.95m) and its alignment, suggests that it was constructed as part of the enclosure, Site 10, later incorporated into the sheepfold. c) SW of b), 5m E-W by 2.50m, is defined by walls 0.40m in width and 1.35m in height. d) SE of c), 9.5m NW-SE by 8m, is defined by mortared stone walls, 0.40m in width and 1.20m in height and with iron posts for a fence on top. Refs: OS 1: 10,000 Map Sheet NM86SW, 1990. OS Explorer 383, 2002.

AP CPE/UK/0286; Frame 4286-7.

E wall of compartment 2.9a. from NE Compartment, 2.9c, from E Impact Assessment: The sheepfold is close to the power house and pipeline but should not be affected. Mitigation: No action is required.



Fig 5. Plan of Allt na Cloiche, Sites 2.9 – 2.11 Site 2.10. Enclosure. NGR SW end of NW side NM 81766 60202 NE end of NW side NM 81846 60222 An enclosure, roughly semi-circular in plan, and containing an unroofed structure, is depicted on the OS 1st Ed. 6” map of 1875 and may represent an abandoned farmstead. This corresponds with the enclosure, Site 2.10, upon which was superimposed at a later date, the sheepfold, Site 2.9. The enclosure includes the NW side of the sheepfold up to, and including, the SW side of the compartment, Site 2.9a. The latter wall is of a similar width (0.95m) to the rest of enclosure, Site 2.10,



(0.80m – 0.90m) in contrast to the narrower walls (0.40m in width) of the compartments, Sites 2.9b, c and d. The roofless structure, depicted in 1875, is no longer extant but would have been situated approximately to the SE of compartment, Site 2.9b. Any stone was presumably re-used in the construction of the sheepfold. The entire NW wall of the enclosure may also have been re-built contemporary with the sheepfold as this wall is mortared in contrast to the drystone masonry of the remainder of the enclosure. This enclosure seems itself to have been superimposed on an earlier enclosure, consisting of Site 2.11 and the SE side of compartment of the sheepfold, Site 2.9a. The enclosure measures a maximum of 70m SW – NE by a maximum of 45m NW-SE. The NW mortared wall has a pronounced batter, tapering from a width of 0.65m at the base to 0.35m at the top and reaches a height of 1.45m. The remainder of the enclosure consists of drystone masonry, up to 0.90m in width at the base, tapering to 0.40m at the top and reaching 1.40m in height. The interior is now filled with thick bracken.

Enclosure, 2.10 with sheepfold 2.9 within, E wall at NM 81827 60186, from SW from SW (See Fig. 5) Refs: NMRS NM86SW.43 HER MHG 35071 OS 1st Ed. 6” map sheet xxviii, surveyed 1872, publ. 1875. OS 1: 10,000 Map Sheet NM86SW, 1990. OS Explorer 383, 2002.

AP CPE/UK/0286; Frame 4286-7. Impact Assessment: The proposed power house is situated within the SW portion of this enclosure. The proposed pipeline will cut through the SE sector. Mitigation: The power house is well away from the site of the former structure. Damage should be kept to a minimum and the wall re-instated after construction. Site 2.11. Enclosure. NGR SW side NM 81808 60223 NE side NM 81845 60233 An enclosure is situated on the southern shore of Loch Sunart on the west bank of Allt na Cloiche. It was superimposed by a later enclosure, Site 2.10, and later by the sheepfold, Site 2.9 and has been bisected by the A884 road. The remains consist, on the north side of the road, of a substantial stone wall, 0.80m in width and 1.10m in height, which incorporates some large stones and boulders. To the South of the road, the northeasternmost wall of the sheepfold compartment, Site 2.9a, may be a remnant of this enclosure, later truncated by the enclosure, Site 2.10. This remnant consists of a drystone wall, 0.60m in width and 1.50m in height and contrasts with the mortared stone walls of the rest of the sheepfold.



The enclosure may originally have measured approximately 37m NE-SW by 34m NW-SE.

Enclosure wall at NM 81817 60234, from NE (See Fig. 5) Refs: OS 1: 10,000 Map Sheet NM86SW, 1990 – SE element only. OS Explorer 383, 2002 – SE element only. Impact Assessment: This site will not be affected by the proposed hydro scheme. Mitigation: No action is required.



Fig. 6: Proposed Hydro Scheme at Liddesdale (Map from Hydroplan UK)



Fig. 7: Proposed Hydro Scheme at Allt na Cloiche (Map from Hydroplan UK)

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