GOAL: understanding the structure of the Earth.

L.O. Students will understand the difference and the use of latitude and longitude on a map.

Standard:S3-Concept of Earth and Space

Do Now:

hExplain the difference between 4-kinds of mountains.

GOAL: understanding the structure of the Earth.

Words to know: Book page 40-onwardhLatitude

hLongitude

hEquator

hPrime Meridian

GOAL: understanding the structure of the Earth.

Typical GraphhA point can also

have negative (-) values

hNegative X values are to the left of the origin (0,0)

hNegative Y values are below the origin

X

Y

(-X,+Y)

(+X,-Y)

(+X,+Y)

(-X,-Y)

(0,0)

East West, North South on The Earth

hLet the X axis be the Equator.

hLet the Y axis be the Prime Meridian that runs through Greenwich outside of London.

hLat/Long are the 2 grid points by which you can locate any point on earth.

Y

X

East West, North South on the Earth

hLet each of the four quarters then be designated by North or South and East or West.

N

S

EW

East West, North South on the Earth

hThe N tells us we’re north of the Equator. The S tells us we’re south of the Equator.

hThe E tells us that we’re east of the Prime Meridian. The W tells us that we’re west of the Prime Meridian.

(N, W) (N, E)

(S, W) (S, E)

East West, North South on the Earth

hThat means all points in North America will have a North latitude and a West longitude because it is North of the Equator and West of the Prime Meridian.

(N, W)

Prime Meridian

East West, North South on the Earth

hWhat would be the latitude and longitude directions in Australia?

Prime Meridian ?

If you said South and East , you’re right!

What is Latitude?hLatitude is the

distance from the equator along the Y axis.

hAll points along the equator have a value of 0 degrees latitude.

hNorth pole = 90°N

hSouth pole = 90°S

hValues are expressed in terms of degrees.

Y

X

90°S

90°N

What is Latitude?

hEach degree of latitude is divided into 60 minutes.

hEach minute is divided into 60 seconds.

Y

X

90°S

90°N

This is also true of longitude.

What is Latitude?

hFor Example:

h37°, 02’,51’’N

hThis is close to the latitude where you live.

Y

X

90°S

90°N

What is Longitude?hLongitude is the

distance from the prime meridian along the X axis.

hAll points along the prime meridian have a value of 0 degrees longitude.

hThe earth is divided into two parts, or hemispheres, of east and west longitude.

Y

X

180°W 180°E

What is Longitude?

hThe earth is divided into 360 equal slices (meridians)

h180 west and 180 east of the prime meridian

Y

X

180°W 180°E

What is Latitude?

hOur latitude and longitude might be:

h37°, 03’,13’’N

h76°, 29’, 45’’W

Y

X

90°S

90°N

So Where is (0,0)?hThe origin

point (0,0) is where the equator intersects the prime meridian.

h(0,0) is off the western coast of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean.

See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter These Lon/Lats Are

Located

h1. 41°N, 21°E

h2. 37°N, 76°W

h3. 72°S, 141°W

h4. 7°S, 23°W

h5. 15°N, 29°E

h6. 34°S, 151°E

A B

C D

h1. B

h2. A

h3. C

h4. C

h5. B

h6. D

Latitude and longitude

Real life connection:

hWhat is the importance of latitude and longitude in our daily life ? Explain your answer with examples

Equator Latitude 0o

Latitude: (90oN to 90oS)

Latitude 23½o NorthTropic of Cancer

Latitude 23½o SouthTropic of Capricorn

Longitude 30o East

Longitude 60o East

Longitude 30o West

Longitude 60o West

Positioning on the Earth’s SurfaceEast is the direction of rotation of the Earth North Pole

South Pole

23½o 23½o

66½o 90o

900

21st June

22nd December

22nd Sept

20th March

30oE60oE90oE90oW30oW60oW

Longitude 90oEastLongitude 90o West

Prime Meridian

0o Longitude

Longitude: (180oE to 180oW)

Latitude and Longitude together enable the fixing of position on the Earth’s surface.

Now you’re ready to find some locations on

a map!

90º N 45º N 0º Latitude 45º S 90º S 180º W135º W 90º W 45º W 0º Longitude 45º E90º E 135º E 180º E