Latinos in VA
Transcript of Latinos in VA
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Caveats Hispanic Immigrants and Citizens in Virginia, Amanda
Walters, presentation to VALHEN, February 22, 2008,Demographics and Workforce Section, Weldon Cooper
Center for Publish Service, UVA http://www.coopercenter.org/demographics/siteles/documents/pdfs/numberscount/2008hispanics.pdf
Pew Hispanic Center
http://pewhispanic.org/
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Hispanics in the US
According to the 2000Census
Traditionally grouped byregions
Today, we are everywhere
0%
15%
30%
45%
60%
2000 Census
17.3%
3.8%4.8%2.2%3.5%
19.6%
58.5%
Mexican Puerto RicanCubans DominicanCentral American South American
Ohter
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Are you ... a Latino?
a Hispanic? a Chicano? an immigrant?
a child of immigrants? a citizen?
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Differences Not all Latinos arecreated equal
The largest minoritygroup in the US isactually quite diverse
And not all Latinosdance salsa
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Differences Based on country of
nationality/heritage,Latinos have differentgoals and purposes
Even US-born Latinosdo not follow the sametraditions
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Similarities Language (Spanish and/
or Spanglish)
Religion Family
Non-religious valuesand morals
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Myths
Latinos are all immigrants, right? Latinos dont speak English and dont wantto learn. What is the Latino socioeconomic status? Are Latinos Black or White? Are they peopleof color ?
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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTIONWeldon Cooper Center for Public Service
4
0
100 K
200 K
300 K
400 K
500 K
1.5%
2.5%
4.7%
6.1%
1980 1990 2000 2006
Hispanics Growth and ShareSource: 2006 American Community Survey, 1980-2000 Censuses
Immigration
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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTIONWeldon Cooper Center for Public Service9
Most Hispanic immigrants arrived in the U.S. within thelast 15 years.
Source: 2006 American Community Survey
Years in the U.S.
0
80 K
60 K
40 K
20 K
Years of Residence
0-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21+
44%
21%
7% 5%
23%
Immigration
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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTIONWeldon Cooper Center for Public Service8
Hispanics by CitizenshipSource: 2006 American Community Survey, 1980-2000 Censuses
0
100 K
200 K
300 K
400 K
500 K
1980 1990 2000 2006
Immigrant
U.S. Citizen
64% 60% 60%79% HispanicChildren 0-17
U.S. BornCitizen
85%
Immigrant
12%
NaturalizedCitizen 3%
Immigration
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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTIONWeldon Cooper Center for Public Service5
0-1.9%
2-4.9%
5-9.9%
10% and up
Manassas Park (30%)Manassas City (27%)Prince William (19%)Arlington (16%)Fairfax City (13%)Alexandria (13%)Fairfax County (13%)
Galax (14%)
Harrisonburg (13%)
Winchester(11%)
Local Hispanic PopulationSource: 2006 U.S. Census Bureau Estimates
Immigration
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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTIONWeldon Cooper Center for Public Service10
Age StructureSource: 2006 American Community Survey
15% 5% 5% 15%
0-9
20-29
40-49
60-69
80+
Hispanic Immigrants
Male Female
15%15% 5% 5%
0-9
20-29
40-49
60-69
80+
Hispanic Citizens
Male Female
Immigration
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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTIONWeldon Cooper Center for Public Service11
English ProficiencySource: 2006 American Community Survey
Not At All21%
Not Well32%
How Well Do HispanicImmigrants Speak English?
Proficient47%
HispanicCitizens {
Proficient 94%Not Well
4%Not At All 2%
0-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21+
Years Living in the U.S.
69%44% 39% 36% 28%
Does English ProficiencyImprove Over Time?
Limited Proficiency
English
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Language Spoken at Home,
Younger than 18, 2007
18%
50%
32%
Only English at homeEnglish spoken very wellEnglish spoken less than well
Language other thanEnglish at home
OnlyEnglish
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Language Spoken at Home,
Native born, younger than 18
14%
50%
36%
Only English at homeEnglish spoken very wellEnglish spoken less than well
Language other thanEnglish at home
OnlyEnglish
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Language Spoken at Home,
Foreign born, younger than 18
43%
54%
4%
Only English at homeEnglish spoken very wellEnglish spoken less than well
Language other thanEnglish at home
OnlyEnglish
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Language Spoken at Home,
18 and older, 2007
46%
35%
19%
Only English at homeEnglish spoken very wellEnglish spoken less than well
Language other thanEnglish at home
OnlyEnglish
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Language Spoken at Home,
Native born, 18 and older
13%
50%
37%
Only English at homeEnglish spoken very wellEnglish spoken less than well
Language other thanEnglish at home
OnlyEnglish
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Language Spoken at Home,
Foreign born, 18 and older
73% 24%
4%
Only English at homeEnglish spoken very wellEnglish spoken less than well
Language other thanEnglish at home
OnlyEnglish
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Latinos in School Majority of Latino undergraduates (53%) are enrolledin two-year colleges A higher percentage of Latino students (45%) are
enrolled part time than either African Americans(40%) or whites (39%).
Nearly 60% of Latinos attend non-selective collegesand universities.
The nations best prepared Latino undergraduatesenroll at the nations most selective colleges anduniversities at the same rate as their white peers.
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What do Latinos study?
The top three disciplines for the bachelor'sdegrees of Latinos are business, socialsciences, and education.
The top disciplines for associate's degreesare liberal arts, business, and the healthprofessions.
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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTIONWeldon Cooper Center for Public Service12
Educational Attainment
15%
27%
25%
19%
13%
TotalPopulation
Graduate Degree
Bachelor's Degree
Some College
HS Graduate
Less than HS Diploma15%
20%
31%
20%
15%
HispanicCitizens
HispanicImmigrants
43%
29%
13%
9%
6%
Source: 2006 American Community Survey
Socioeconomic
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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTIONWeldon Cooper Center for Public Service14
Occupations
Percent of Hispanic Workers inEach Occupation Sector
Source: 2006 American Community Survey
Share of Labor Force
Hispanic Citizens 2.9%Hispanic Immigrants 3.4%
15%
14%
6%MilitaryTransportation & Moving
Production
Installation & Repair Construction & Extraction
Farming, Fishing, & ForestryOffice & Administrative Support
SalesService
Professional
Management,Business, & Finance
6%
HispanicCitizens
HispanicImmigrants
4%
4%
3%
14%
15%
Socioeconomic
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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTIONWeldon Cooper Center for Public Service13
68%
65%
Female
62%
Labor Force ParticipationSource: 2006 American Community Survey
HispanicCitizens
HispanicImmigrants
74%
80%
Total
68%TotalPopulation
Percent in the Labor Force
90%
Male
74%
81%
Socioeconomic
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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTIONWeldon Cooper Center for Public Service15
15%
PovertySource: 2006 American Community Survey
10%
TotalPopulation
12%
HispanicCitizens
HispanicImmigrants
Percent Living In Poverty
Socioeconomic
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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTIONWeldon Cooper Center for Public Service18
14%
TotalPopulation
27%
HispanicCitizens
57%
HispanicImmigrants
Percent Without Health Insurance In 2006
Health Insurance
Source: 2006 Current Population Survey
Socioeconomic
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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTIONWeldon Cooper Center for Public Service19
Income & HousingSource: 2006 American Community Survey
$55,500
Total Population
$62,800
Hispanic Citizens
$48,300
Hispanic Immigrants
Median Household Income
23% 22% 31%
PercentSpent
onHousing
Socioeconomic
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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTION
Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service
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Living Arrangements
Percent of Householdsthat Include Unrelated
Person(s)
9%
15%
27%
TotalPopulation
HispanicCitizens
HispanicImmigrants
Households with Morethan 1.5 Persons per
Bedroom
7%13%
33%
TotalPopulation
HispanicCitizens
HispanicImmigrants
Source: 2006 American Community Survey
Average HouseholdSize
TotalPopulation
HispanicCitizens
HispanicImmigrants
2.52.8
3.6
Socioeconomic
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Are Latinos Black or White?
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Castes
Social Castes in Latin America*
espaol, indio, negro, mestizo, castizo,coyote, chamizo torna atrs, mulato,morisco, albino, torna atrs, chino,albarazado, zambo (lobo)
It is not either or, much more complicatedthan that.
* Ilona Katzeu, NYU
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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTION
Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service
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Hispanic Immigrants
!40 percent of Hispanics in Virginia are immigrants, includingboth authorized and unauthorized; the remaining 60 percent areU.S. citizens.
!Hispanic immigrants are less educated, poorer, more likely tolack health insurance, and live in larger households than the
overall population.
!Despite their lower income levels, Hispanic immigrants andtheir children receive little welfare other than WIC and schoollunch subsidies.
Summary
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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTION
Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service
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!Hispanic citizens speak English well and adults are slightlybetter educated than the overall Virginia population.
Hispanic Citizens
!Households headed by Hispanic citizens have higherhousehold income than Virginias households overall.
!Hispanic citizens have similar occupation distribution to theoverall population and are over-represented in Virginias military.
Summary
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0
350
700
1050
1400
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
69555254544754525856
586
503479436419
384381392410383
967976
1069
11791243
1205
1081
929
847864
African-American Hispanic/Latino Native American
VTs Fall Entering Undergraduate Demographics
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0
175
350
525
700
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
108
84
7883
7072
59676068
63
74
7269
4742
42312421
106
77
69635659
49526057
176153
136120118
122100107132
130
4646
39404034343229
28112105
8078736570655979
CLAHS CALS CAUS CNR COECOS CVM INTCOLL PCOB
What do Latinos Study at VT?
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2004 20 5 2 06 2007
Ins*tu*on T H T H T H T H
VT 74 70 76 67 79 80 77 78USC 82 80 83 83 84 81 85 84
University of Florida 78 74 79 78 79 77 81 80
Stony Brook University 58 42 59 55 59 52 59 56
U of Minnesota-Twin Ci es 56 42 61 47 61 48 63 59U of Michigan-Ann Arbor 87 79 86 81 87 79 88 83
Cornell University 92 84 93 90 92 89 92 86
...
6-yr Graduation Rate:
VT & Peer, Total & Hispanics
Ins*tu*on Name %
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How does
VT comparewith peer
institutions?
Ins tu on Name %The University of Texas at Aus n 17.78%University of Florida 13.52%University of Southern California 13.12%Texas A & M University 12.47%University of California-Davis 11.92%University of California-Berkeley 11.52%Rutgers University-New Brunswick 8.42%Stony Brook University 8.34%University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 6.89%University of Colorado at Boulder 6.33%University of Maryland-College Park 5.87%
Cornell University 5.54%University of Washington-Sea le Campus 4.89%University of Michigan-Ann Arbor 4.65%Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus 3.49%SUNY at Buffalo 3.46%University of Wisconsin-Madison 3.22%Michigan State University 2.88%Purdue University-Main Campus 2.86%Ohio State University-Main Campus 2.63%North Carolina State University at Raleigh 2.63%Iowa State University 2.59%Virginia Tech 2.55%University of Minnesota-Twin Ci es 2.12%
University of Missouri-Columbia 1.76%University of Pi sburgh-Pi sburgh Campus 1.29%
2007 % of Hispanic of Total Enrollment
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Myths Latinos are all immigrants? No. Latinos dont speak English and dont want to learn.
False. What is the Latino socioeconomic status?
All over the map.
Are Latinos Black or White? Yes and more.
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What can higher education do? More targeted recruitment in Northern Virginia. Spanish content on the university website. More support for families that ask questions like:
Where is the Latino community on campus? Where can we eat tostones or pltanos or empanadas or pupusas?
Curriculum at universities - take advantage of bilingual students,more bilingual opportunities.
Increase acceptance of bilingual literature, music, publications,culture.
Cross institutional collaboration to offer more mentoringopportunities and more role models.
Broaden the spectrum of how Latinos t in US society.
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or you can nd us in
Questions?
Manuel [email protected]
Carlos Evia,[email protected]