Latinos in Medicine9 April 2010

AGENDAAGENDA Health Care for the Latino Community

Latinos in Medicine

Inside Perspective into Medical School

Ven y Explora La Medicina con Nosotros 

Current Health Needs of the Latinos in Dayton

Resources available for Latinos

Latino Health Connection project

The Evolution of The Evolution of Medicine Medicine

In 2001 The Institute of Medicine reported that about 18, 314 Americans between the age of 25-64 die EACH year due to lack of health insurance¹

The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination III, (NHANES III) evaluated relationship between insurance and mortality, conclusion lack of insurance is associated with mortality

Today, 10 November 2009, 45.5% of Mexican Americans do NOT have insurance²

The lack of health insurance among a growing number of Latinos  has been seen as a barrier to health-care access

The health of Latinos is directly related to access to health care providers and services

¹Franks et al. Health Insurance and Mortality, JAMA ²Andrew et al. Health Insurance, American Journal, Public Health

Health of LatinosHealth of Latinos Among Hispanics/Latinos, diabetes prevalence rates are 8.2

percent for Cubans, 11.9 percent for Mexican Americans, and 12.6 percent for Puerto Rican ¹

Latino women lag behind White and African American women in mammogram and pap testing

Death rate for HIV was 32.7 per 100,000 for Puerto Ricans living on the mainland U.S., higher than any other racial or ethnic group ²

US Department of Health and Human Services initiative of 2007 aims to improve the health and quality of life for Hispanic elders since they are more vulnerable to illnesses such as the flu, cardiovascular disease and smoking related diseases.

¹NIH, Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 2007 ²CDC, OMHD Health Disparities Affecting Minorities

Latinos in MedicineLatinos in Medicine

Latinos are the fastest growing minority group in the US. Expected to be 25% of the population by 2050

According to AMA Minority Affairs Consortium, only 5% of practicing physicians are Latino

The probability of graduating from medical school is extremely high, higher than any other professional school, within 4 years of starting medical school 84%, within 5 years 91%, within 7 years 94% graduate, and by 10 years 96%

Why Do We Need Why Do We Need More Latino More Latino Physicians? Physicians?

The Sullivan Commission found more Latinos as physicians improve health for Latinos and for the entire population and thus “increased diversity will improve the overall health of the nation”.

Increasing Latinos in medicine will decrease health disparities in the US¹

Increased diversity is linked “with improved access and quality of health care for the growing numbers of racial and ethnic minority patients, greater patient choice and satisfaction, and better educational experiences and benefits for all medical school stu-dents.”¹

¹National Hispanic Medical Association and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health

What defines an What defines an Underrepresented minority in Underrepresented minority in

medicine?medicine? The AAMC definition of underrepresented in medicine is:

"Underrepresented in medicine means those racial and

ethnic populations that are underrepresented in the

medical profession relative to their numbers in the

general population."

Four historically underrepresented racial/ethnic groups: Mexican-Americans Mainland Puerto Ricans Blacks Native Americans (that is, American Indians, Alaska Natives, and

Native Hawaiians)

Education Disparities:Education Disparities:From Primary to From Primary to PostsecondaryPostsecondary

In 2007 the U.S. Department of Education reported Hispanics as being the highest group for High School drop outs

3x as likely than their counterparts of other races/ethnicities

In 2007 21.4% of all drop outs where of Hispanic/Latino

background

First generation drop out 14.6%

Second generation or higher drop out 15.9%

According to an Alliance for Excellent Education study:“If Latino and African American students graduated from high school at the same rate as their white peers, approximately 310,000 additional minority students would graduate every year.”

WHY ARE LATINOS LACKING IN THE HEALTH PROFESSION? Business and Social Sciences (Psychology, Sociology, Education) were the two

most popular undergraduate fields for Latinos Weak academic preparation as a whole deters Latino students from choosing higher-

skill fields, such as Mathematics and Sciences

WHO’S APPLYING?

2007-2008 applicant pool 42,315 Underrepresented Applicant pool was comprised 15.2% of all applicants Latinos comprising 7.1%

Whites comprising 57.1% Biology sciences take the lead representing more than 55% of all medical school

applicants

WHO’S GETTING IN?

Given its highly competitive nature approximately 50% acceptance rate

On average, matriculates were 60% White, 20% Asian, 7% Latino, 6% Black, 6% else

Education Disparities:Education Disparities:From Primary to From Primary to PostsecondaryPostsecondary

How is WSU Boonshoft How is WSU Boonshoft SOM making their SOM making their

selection?selection? It’s not a number game

It’s “The Whole-Person Approach”

The Rigors of Medical School Admissions

From MCAT to Matriculation GPA average of 3.5 or higher to be considered competitive MCAT – 4 part test

Physical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Verbal Reasoning, and Writing Sample Verbal Being Highly Scrutinized - what about ESL students?

AMCAS – M.D. schools, AACOMAS – D.O. schools Primary applications - You’re letting a school know you are interested in them.

Lists: Personal Demographics, Courses, Grades, Extracurricular activities, Work-related experiences, Letters of recommendation

Notifications to complete Secondary applications - The school acknowledges your interest in them

NOW YOU PLAY THE WAITING GAME… If you are on liked on “paper” You Get Invited To Be Interviewed

After, you’ll wait some more and either get accepted, wait listed, or rejected If you get rejected it means having to start from scratch: MCAT and onwards…

Medical School: Medical School: A Longitudinal ProcessA Longitudinal Process

Undergraduate-4years

Medical School-4 years 2 years clinical rotations

GRADUATION!!! Now you are an M.D.

Residency usually 3-7 years (Training)

Fellowships 1-3 years (Sub-Specialized Training)

InitiativesInitiatives Ven y Explora La Medicina con Nosotros

Reaching out to Latino WSU students   

Latino Medical Student Association – in the making! Goal: To provide our knowledge and experience as

Underrepresented Medical students and to serve as educational pipelines for disadvantaged students as early as possible. Exposure to students as early as primary school and beyond is

essential and of vital importance to instill the idea of medicine as an attainable as any other career.

“The presence of mentors and strong, positive role models, for instance, may help ensure the success of racial and ethnic minority medical students, physicians, and physician—scientists.” - Diversity in Medical Education: Facts & Figures 2008

Current Health Needs Current Health Needs of the Latinos in of the Latinos in

DaytonDayton

30%

22%19%

14%

9% 6%Health care

Legal help

Job & Family Services

Employment

Family violence

Public education

Primary Concerns of Latino Families Served at East End Community services

LatinosLatinosHealth NeedsHealth Needs

Results from research analysis indicate that the most salient barriers for Latinos to access and receive services are:

(1) Provider barriers (i.e., discrimination issues).

(2) Barriers in the service system (i.e., lack of health insurance and language barriers).

(3) Community-level barriers (i.e., lack of information in where to seek services).

(4) Barriers in the social networks of people within the Latino community (i.e., fears of deportation)

Alegria, et. al., 2002; Guarnaccia & Martinez, 2002; Rios, 2002).

Resources Available for Resources Available for Spanish-speaking Spanish-speaking

PopulationPopulationSALUD Clinic

Allen Health Partners; Federally Qualified Health Center

Mission

“… to reduce or eliminate disparities in health outcomes for the underserved members of our community, by providing and facilitating quality primary and preventive health care without financial barriers…”

The clinic is for uninsured or underinsured residents of the area, and fees are on a sliding scale based on income.

Target population: Migrant workers, the uninsured, and the underinsured.

Our Contact Our Contact InformationInformation

Lorena Rodriguez rodriguez.16@wright.edu

Erendira Garcia-Lopez erendira.lopez-garcia@wright.edu

Tony Ortiz tony.ortiz@wright.edu

Patricia Cole-Walden pccole@mvh.org

Telisha Ortiz ortiz.18@wright.edu