Latin - Naxos Music Library · Latin Amerkan Qasslcs Volume I Huapango Jd Mlo htoncsyo ... the very...

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Transcript of Latin - Naxos Music Library · Latin Amerkan Qasslcs Volume I Huapango Jd Mlo htoncsyo ... the very...

Page 1: Latin - Naxos Music Library · Latin Amerkan Qasslcs Volume I Huapango Jd Mlo htoncsyo ... the very varied rhythrne of the people of Huapango. In doubt as to ... the cello has an
Page 2: Latin - Naxos Music Library · Latin Amerkan Qasslcs Volume I Huapango Jd Mlo htoncsyo ... the very varied rhythrne of the people of Huapango. In doubt as to ... the cello has an

Latin Amerkan Qasslcs Volume I

Huapango J d M l o htoncsyo (191 2 - I 058) Born as the composer was In Guadalajara, Jalisco, In 1812, fh8 most

important work of Jod Pablo Monwyo and the M a n mhestral eompoaltton most widely known Intematlonally Is dedlmted to the state of Vetacruz. In a iwmmy gr Mmcayo and Shs Galindo undertook to Alvarado to collect the folk-music of the region they met with sedous drtficultlas in the tramrlpllon of the very varied rhythrne of the people of Huapango. In doubt as to how to proceed, Moncayo had recourse to hother comp&er, Candelarlo Huizar, whu advlmd h i iu ~uMish the matem as he had heard il anol then to d d o ~ H In accordance w ~ i h his own ideas. Fmm th~s comes this scow h t m i y be regarded as a secorrd natlonal anthem. The clever use of Ihe trump& and the trombone In popular themes such as EIGavlIdn, Sw Sltfand BaMd the work a n ~ ~ ~ c h m c t e r not found In any other Wm oomposl0ion.

SenaemqB Sllwstm Revuehas (1809 - 1940) Born on the last day of -189% the last day of the century, in the state of

Durmgo, Sflwstm ReweW studied at the Natlonal Conssrvatory of Music In Mnxloo City and, wfth bls notable epfitude for ownposition and condudng, cwnpleml hls rnuslcal education wlth the graatest dlstlnctlon at the Chlcago College of Music. With Carlos Chkvez he organlzd h first concerts of contemporary music In Mexlco in ID24 and 1925, events that had a great Impact with mwic then completely unknown to audlmes in the capital. He m p l d varlws posltlons of importance in the musical life of the county and wrote music for films. It was the celebdon of the swcess of La Nmh de los Maps that precipitated his final Ulneag and death on 5th October 1040. On 15th December 1038 Reweltas himelf conducted the Symphony Orchesh of Mexico In the Palaclo de Bellas Artes in a programme that includad Smsem~H, inspired by the poem of the same name by the famous Cuban poet NlwlQ QulilBn, a work dmaling with the narc ritual of the death af a

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' sttake. A work ob marked rhyfhms. if stmyply b r l w to mind at times #a ~TIWC of Ihe rdorlh American mpaser Aarofi CoplPind In his mposhions W e d on Plortk h e r l c m f o l k - ~

E s t ~ l I i b lAanusI M. Pence (t 862 - $948) B o m I n t h a ~ d ~ i n 1 8 8 a , ~ ~ f n t e ~ o n d f a m e v h t h

EI simplesang that has won popuMtythroughwt the worW, €sfM& Sung In many Ianguagee and scorad In a dhrsity of mhestd fmw, E B W IS I n h W h d I y t h e ~ k n o w r n M ~ ~ g . L k e M o ~ , P o n c e h a d t f i e paleeme tn collect of m a r w l c and then lo make faWul use of them Many d his smp and Ihemss have deep rooks h popular repertoim. Whae they my be mngemenh or muedons, Ihey serve perfaetly h &fmh of this muair: h u g h a the worW. T@ w u e of his songs is dIl Incomplete, since Ihem la stil mtssic by Ponca #I& remhs unpublished. His c f ~ s i d a m u s t w t b e ~ , w l t h h k ~ ~ h l s F % t w T l l e s and hb splemM MWh -do, m j ~ cmtriiutlons to national dture.

V& h a w Fellpa W W I U ~ (1862 - 1898) An Important Mexican cornpwser, Felipe Vlllanueva was born on 5th

Fanmy, anImporhtd&, In 38K4 mddledywngon W Jllne 1883. At the age of he played the Win and when he wm ten wrote a cantata M d aD the Cura tlidatga. He was hnder of the Mustcal Inaims and beionged tD Ihe Group of S x that brougM the best known mlssldans d the ffm, Acewdo, G- E. Ricardo Carlos J. Qmz&a and Vilknueva hhnself. In spite of b ahrb- of tJs lh, he 1ef1 Imorht orchesid c o m ~ l t f o n s and operas. UnforkmMy hls musk has ~ a l m o s t ~ l y b ~ ~ w i t h t h e ~ o f h l s ~ l W- whkh remains In !he repsrtc4re. An enchanting work, wlth a fluent and m f l v e m e w , It k a mtml e tmnt tn the repatoh af plants$ and a hquent encore piece in orchestral concerts.

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B Trenaeito Heitor Vilfa-Lobos (1887 - 1959) (Bachima brasifeira N a 2) ' The most important Brazilian composer, Heitor Villa-Lobes, brought together perfectly the M w music of his owrntry with h t of Bmh. Between 1930 and 1 945 ha wrofe a series of Bachianas bmsileIras, nme suites, In which the composer's own instrument, the cello has an important part. Bachianas b&eims hb. 2, written in 1930, is in bur sections, the last of w M bears the title O tmnzAim d~ Caipira (The Ume Counby Traln), taklng us an a short musical journey by st&-train through the Amaron fa&.

Malambu Albetto Ginastera (1916 - 1983) Born In 1916, Alberta Ginastern had hls musical training in a climate of full

musical natianaltsm. Panamb~; written in 1936, was inspired by an Indian legend gnd may be cansidered his first wark of importance, but it was h i ballet E8tmcia, based on varicus scene of nrrat Itfe in the pampas of Argentina that aasumd hlm a leading pit ian mm?g the natbmlist composers of hls owntry and the muslc known as mrisica crlola. In a number of works Ginastera w?ks the mystedous magic af the pampas and a rhythm, the M d m h , In which the physicd strenm, energy, agiility and manliness of h gaucho Is c l W y express&, thanks to tfie genius of the composer.

Sobrs 10s olas {On the Waves) Juwntino Rosm (1868 - IW] Juventirm Rosas, the least musically tralned of the composers included here,

with no sardy atmad, ramalns the definw Mexican waltz king, with m enuiable command of melody and perfect understandhg of hamny and rhythm, and above all of the way to give his works an ending of brilliance. The best trlbute ta his talent is the fact that his most farnaus walk, Sobre h &IS (On the Waves), has ofban been atlrlbuted to Johann Stmu#, conrmed by the Eumpean mbtake of including this work In concerts of Visnnese muslc In the Old World. Nevertheless Strauss hlmseff would certahly have been happy to wun this waltz.

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Obertum FaStiua (Fastive Overture) Rodolfo Ha* (1 900 - 1987) Although sd-t&t$t as a composer, Rodolfo Hamtsr h&d the benefft of advice

frpin Mir~ul'de Falla and Arnold Schoenberg. HIS music Is charaderized by impeccable technique and careful attention to dynamics and accents, with a modernism Iha! w e r ceases to b infecliously Spanish. He has spent the greater part d hls life in Mexico, as muskian, conductor, writer and musical adminlarator. while still considered In his natkre Madrid as an Important figure In Spanlsh culhlral life: He has receked the highest honaurs fmm bDth Mexiecr and Spain.

Haltter's Oberfura Festrva (Fesiive Overhrre) is wefully orehesbated for a relatlveljr small group of instnrments, used to great effect. The rhythmic ffwv of the muslo never flags and Interest Is maintained through the diversity of Irrsburnmtal colouring and the wms of melody, wlth variations in rhythm that open up always new expressive posdbilitles.

Sarabanda para cuerdas Carlos ChBvez (1 899 - 1978) (Irom la hija de C6lqulde) (Sarabmde la# pftinga, from The Daughter of dlquide)

In iM3 Carlw !I?Svez rec8Ived a commission that again brwght him info contact wlth themes of dassid Gwece. after having cwnposad his SinfonIa de Antipna [Antigone Symphony). The Coolldge F d a t i o n of the Library of Congress of the United Sates asked ChBvez for music for the ballet La hja & CdlquIde, to be performed by the oompany of Martha Graham, a figure of the greatast imporfanoe in the development of modern dance, who provided the outline of the ballet. The work is in nine parts and was not performad un6l 1946, when It was staged at the Plymouth Theatre in New York

The Sa-a of the suite from La M@ d@ CdlqIdde was written by ChBvez, in the context of tho ballet, as a tribute to the rnusioologlst Carl B. Engel, director of The Musicrtl Quarterly and President of the publishers Schirmer's. For this ream^ the first three notes of the theme of the Swab-, C - 6 - E, correspond to Engel's Inifials.

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~ d e M d n ~ h I B h aallndo (1910 - ) An example ol the m&al talent of Mexican pecrple, B h Oallmlb was born

i n a ~ v i l l a B e h ~ i n h ~ r e g l o n , d , ~ t h e M u t i o n , came relatively late to music, at the age of twenty, but hh WeM and dedi~,andIhehe@ghrenbyCarl~ChBwsoondl~Mmtomakeup for last tlme and 69 famlliarise M m d with tmdNonal and modern techniques of compoeftion, evenmlly to beaune dlreetor of thr h W o d Conservatwy of Musk and a member of the hadem of Arb. amrm ather dlstlmdiws. Hla Sorms de Markschi mqim the most-often p&nnei of all his works, tn spite of the suxess of many o(her composMm in an abundant -us of w o r b It was written at the suggestion of Carlos C h h z as part of a musleal progame for lhe New York Museum of Mnbem Art. 7his brtlllant synthesis ofpop~larMexlean music 8njoyed such suwees thdaecmpw wapbnrited by Columbia to record the work. Galindo had earliar written a Mler orchestmtion oi the pi-, using rdl the remums d Ihe modem mlwtm, and ItIsthis~bnthrrt is~moorded. A r r y ~ w l U ~ g n l s e a t o t l e e t R e themes used and it is the vlgwr of treatment aml the brlghhess of w c h e s t r a l c d o u r t h a d ~ ~ n ~ o i t h e p l w , m r l n g L s u c c e g s .

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PWval Orchmn of Merdcr, The Festival Orchestra of Mexico was founded In 1988, drawing on

members of Ihe beat Mexlcen achema& Its primary purpose has been to provide cmmis during the eummer manths, wilh a repertair9 fhat Includes musk of the ntneteenth and twentieth canhutes, particldatly by mp08818 h r n South and Norlh Ameriea Summer burs lhroughout Mexico d n a pdnclpal kature of the orchestmta actMly, with an lnorsaelng number of recordings.

Enrlqw 86tk The dlstlnguished hiexican conductor Enrlque Bhtiz has enjoyed

oonslderable intemabknal swms, with perfomranaes 1Plroughout the wwld, in parbiwlar h Euwpe and the Amerleas. From 1889 to 1989 he vras MWcal Oirectur af the Mexico City l=Hhmmk ~e~ preceded by a perbd from 1971 to 1985 as director dthe Mexim Stab Symphony Orcheetra. a position he resumed in 1990. Since 1884 Re has been Prindpal Guest Oarductor of the Royal PhllhWmonlc OWwtra in Londan. Of eome hundred dlgital motdngpr, eame 32 haw been made with W Rwel Orcheetra, nine with the &&-~ympimny Orchestra and t\;ehre ~4th the London Philharmonic, In addWon to recordings with the Royal Uverpool Philharmonic Orchestra arid wHh hb own orcheshas In Mexico. He mmalns one of the leadlng comlwtam OflatinAmerScsL

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hteinameribnlsche K b l k e r - Folge I

J d Pabb Mon- (3912-1958): Huapnngo J& Pablo Moncayo wurde 1932 in Gumlalajam, Jdlsco, pbwen. Sein

bedeutendstes We& und ffle Intemtiwral bekanntssk Orchesterkamposition aus Mexiko ist dem SEaate Veracruz qewldmet. Wahrend elner Reise nach Al& wokn Mwrcayo md Bhs Galindo Volkslleder sammeln, doch sie rnuMen fesbbllsn, dgO sle mit der Transkriptim der AuRerst vielgestaltlgen Rhyfhmik der kfenschen von Huapango Schwierigkeiten hatten. Moncayo w u b nkM recht, wle er vorgehen sollie md wendete Jch an seinen Wlegen Candetarso Huizar, der Ihm den Rat gab, dms Material so ru ~Mmtl'ichan, wle er es gehbrt hatte; anaehlieRend sollte er 8s nach sefnsn elgenen Volsteltungen entwiddn. Sa entstand dl- M ~ l k die man ds elne RNeite Natlonalhymne W i Mnte . Der geschlckte Einsalz der Trompete und der Posaune, die 80 popUre Melodlen wle El Gavllh, Siqui SirI und Wahd splelen, vedsiht dem Werk eimn ndonalen Charakter, den man anmstm nur selten In der rnexikanlschen Muslklndet

Durango getroren. Er studlerte am National& Konservatorlurn von Mxiko City; dank eelner bemslkenwerten k o m p o s ~ ~ c h e n und dlrigentlschen Bearbung konnte er seine Ausbildung rnit khster Auwlchnung &I Chiago ~ o b g e df Musk abschlieflen. Qemeinsam mlt Carlos Chdvez organlslerte er 1924 und 1925 die ersten Konz~rtm firr zeltgenOssische Musik In Mexiko. Revueltas bekleickte eine Reihe wichtiger h e r und &deb rnahrem Filrnmuslken. Am 5. Oktober 19411 starb at - vermutlich an den Folgen der Feier, mil der der Erfdg $dm Wsrkes *La Noche de los Mays" b v n worden war.

Am 16. Derember 1 sSB dirigierte der Kornponist das Sympkanleorchesfer von Mexlko irn Palast der Schbnen Knnste. Das Programin enthielt seine

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mSensemydm, eine !4omposMn, dl8 wn dam glekhnarnigen G&ht des belfihmtan I cubar tkh Dlchters NtcPtes Qullk irmiriert wurde. Darin aeM as urn eln Negerritual, das nJt d m Tod dar S c h h endet s e n s e d 1st e h Werk vofi marlranter Rhythmen und erlnnh gelogentlich an die fekbdsiiseh angehauchte Muaik des Nmkmdmets Aaron Coplaml.

Mmud. M. Pance (4BBhIMB): EetrelCihr Marmel M. Por#se wurde 1882 lm Saab gebrerr lgld wurde mlt

+ elnem sl-m Ued nsmens 'f3trellita" wleHbsrllhmt. W e l W wumle in vialen Sprachsn gesungen, In verseh~edensten orchestralen Gestalten dgefUxt und kt bls hwta &a bekanntda mexlkankche LW Qbefhwpt. We Mancayo bmhte d Pame die Qduld &, folkloriskha Elsmente ur sammeln und sle anschlIeRend l m q m s W k h zu m n . Vide seiner Ueder und fhemsn gelten auf d m vdlcsta- Repertoire zuKk% mi sie auch B w W l u n g ~ oder Naddx5@ngen seln, so sW ale doeh geelqneg diem MurIk in der W& ur wbmbn. Meben den wWXW~chen mln datf man dle k k s b t w Seiae Mawel M. P m e e nlcM -en, der mA a n e m Klavierkonzert, setnen Klavlertrlos und selnern grandwen Wedmmut WesenUlche Be- zur iWknah Kullur qellefert M

Fenpe Ylllanum (1l352-lW3): Yak P d w Der bedeutende rnmlkankch lComponkt Felipe Villarmeva mrrde am d

Febnrar I882 gebonn und shb am 2. Juni 1893 bn Atter vora 31 Mm. As $scbsj&hrlger spldte er bwreb Wdna, a18 ZehnjWrCger sehrlab er elm Kmtate, die der Cura Hidalgo wwldrnea 1st Er war der Grllndsr dss MuslWlechen IWtuts und g e h h zu der m- G w p m der S&s, dl6 8lnIge der ~~ Mwlker janer Zstt vefdnPe. Obwohl er nIcM aIt wurde, hin!erlIeB VIllanueva wichtIge Orchestarwerke und Upern. BedawMmwdss k t seine Muslk fast vdlMtuQ In V m m geraten; die alnzlge Ausnahme W saln Vals h8ticrr, dw sich nach wIe Vor im Repertoire behaupt8t - dn zauberhaftes StSck mit dner flleflmden und

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bescmrenden Melodle, das von Pianlsten gern gesplelt wird und oft als tugabe bei Orchderkonzerten zu harm ist.

Heitor V i lb l~bas (1887-1950): El Treneelto (Bachlane bmileira Mr. 2) Der Moutendste brasilkniische Komponisf Heitor Villa-Lobos vereinte auf

vollkommene Welse dle Musik sslner Heimat mit dem Schaffen Johann Sebaian Bachs. Zwlschen f 930 und 1045 komponierte er neun Bwchianas brasllelras, In denen sein eiganes Instrument, das Vldoncello, elne wichtige Role spieh. Bachiana bmdeira Nr. 2 ;us dem Jahre I930 ist vierteillp. Der Jme Abschnitt t&gt den Thl 0 lrenzhlno do Calplra (Dle klelne Efsenhhn von Calph) wad nimmt uns mlt auf alne lame muslkallsche R e k durch die M r des Amssom.

Albert0 Gina- (1916498a): M a h b a Alberto Ginastera erhlelt seine Ausbildung In elnem Kllrna des

muslkallsehen Nabionakmus. 'Pamnbr aus dem Jahre 1936 wurde von elner . . . . .

Indimischen Legende angeregt und dad als seln erstes bedeute- Werk bezekhnet w e n : doch rnit d m Balletl 'Estancla', eln~r Szenenfol~e aw dem leben in den a~entfnlschen Pampas errelchta ~ l w t e r a elne ~hrende Position unter den nationalen Kornponlsten seiner Heimat und in der sogenannt~n "rnSlslca criollan. In etlichen Wmrken hat Ginastera den geheirnnisvollen Zaubet der Pampas und den Rhythmus 'Malambo" beachworen, in dern dank der Qenlallt&t des Komponiston dle physlsche Wrke, der Energfs, Beweglichkeit und Mannlichksit der Gauchos klar zum Ausdruck kornmt.

Juventtno R a a s (186&1894): Sobre Iw olas (AM den Wellen) Von allen hier vorgestelltsn Kornponlsten war Juventino Rosas der

musikallsch am wenigsten auspebildete. Doch er ist eindeutig der mexikanlsche WalaerktMlg rnit miner benaidenswerten melodischen bgabung und ejnem vdlkmrnenen Verstandnls van Hmonie und Rhythmus, vor aJem

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aber dank seiner FBhlgkelt. jedes SMck mil e l m brillanten AbachluO ru kr&nen. We gmO d n Talent war, WITM die T m dpn sdn b e t i l ~ ~ W~r"Sobwiwofas*wWwhdtfDreln W e l k v o n J o h m ~ g e t d m wumi - I m M n Mnte mn dte KompMon In WDener m n MM, G t r a u B w & r e ~ n i c h t ~ g ~ M e r d W ~ ~ a n ~

Rod* Halffbr (1- - 1m Obemtre -dm OuurwWte) Rodoffo Hdfbr war ah Kompmist mar A- doch er pfi#rte wn

den RmtschlBgen sefnnr Ilbren Kollegen Manuel de Falla wid Arnold SeMnberg. Seine Muslk teichnet sich durch e h wrfehlbare T e h k und oinen sw@Hlgen Umga?g mit Dynamik und Akmum att& d m 1 U sle wm elner IModemMk die nle Ib spanlsche Herlarntt verlqnet. Halfffer haf d m groEm TaB maines Lebens bt M&ko wblrrctrt, wo er & Muslker, DkQW, WrMtsteller und Admlnisimtor W g war. GWchwohl gilt er auch in &er Hslmatsfadt MadfId ds elbe wlchtige Pewnlichkelt des spanlschen KulturIebms. Er h e mwohl In Wlco &$ auch in Spanlen mit hbchsh -

H a l ~ O ~ t a ~ i s t e b t ~ ~ s W e R r ~ ~ r e l ~ kletne kserzmg, dle alkrdlngs auktat effekhron elngesetzt Mrd. Der mmische flu dm Mmik Wt nln ls ddurch den Mndlgen W- &r instrumentalan Farben, durch die rnefodlschan Wendungen und dle rhythrnhwhen VBriatt#len fnlt [firen lrnmer neuen expresslwn M6gWWtm bleibfdaagWckwmAnfangbbEndeMwessm

Woo Chdnrur* [18@$b1#8g Smbnnda pate me* {Sarabarb Wf Btrekk) rum Uir Toehtrw van 06lqulck

Y 943 erkldt Carl05 Chkvez dnsn Aufttmg, der Rm naeh der Kompmition seker Srrfanla de Ant$ona (Antigone-Symphonle) smeut h -kt mit Themen der Idas6Ieohen Antlke bmctrte. Die Coolidge-Foundation dw amerhanhhen Library af &ngraw h@lb bd Chkwz dls MU& zu d m

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Ballett *La hija de C61quidea, das von den T&nzern der ChOmpphfrt Marha Graham aufgefilhrt werden sdlte, eimr Persbnlihkelt, die firr dle EntWlcWung des modemen Tanres von wesentlicher Bedeutung {st. Der Enfwurf zu der ISoehtw van C&quiden stammte von Martha Graham selbst; das neunteill~s Werk wurde mi 1948 am Plymouth Theatre In New York uraufgemhrt.

Die Sarabande dieses Balletts schrieb ChBvez als WOrdlgung des Muslkwissenschaftlws Carl B. Engel, dem Dlrektor der Zeitschdft "Musical Q W r l y " und PHsIdent des Schirmer-Verlages. Deshalb beginrrt das Werk rnit den drel Tbnen -6, den lnltialen des Gewtrdiin.

BLas Gallndo (geb. 1914): Sanes de Marbchi Blas Gdirtdo, ein Beiplel Wr die musikallsehe Begabung des mexlkankhen

Vol!ms, HRade kr &ern sntIe@?nen Dorf in Jallsco in.der Reglon von Hukhola geboren. Durch die ReMtution kam er erst als 20jUrlget wr Musik, doch sein Talent und seins Hlngabe, d m dle Hllfe von Carlos Ch&ez IbOen ihn sehon bald dle verlorene Zelt wdmachen. Er elgnete sich dis tradiiomllen und modemen KomposHIonstechniken an und wurde schlls13licb unter anthem Dlrektor des Ndicnalsn Konservatortums und-M'itgtied der Akademle der Kilnste. Sin 'Sonea de Mariachi' ist bis heute das rneistgespielfe selner Werke, und dm, obwohl er rnM W e n KompitiPnen seines michen Schaffens Edolge h& errlngen Mnen. %onas de MariachP entstard nach siner Anregunp von Carlos CMvex als TeI eines musikallsehen Programs far das New Yorker Museum of Modern Art. Die brillante Synthese volRtUmlicher rnexlkanlscher Muslk kam so gut an, daQ der Kornponlst vwt dsr Schdlplattemges~lls&atl CalurnMa etngeladen wurde, sein Werk auhnehmen. Galindo schrieb wnliehst eine Verslm far g o b s Orch~ter, in der er alla M(iglihkebn dm modemen K l a n m t e s nutzte, und in dieser V e r s h ist "&ones de Marischr h h ur hdren. Jeder Mexilcsner w i d sofort d e zugrundeliinden Melodlen und ihre einfallsreiche Verarbeitung erkennen. Die Leuchtkraft der KornposRh mcM ihre Neuartrgkait aus und sicherl Ihr elnen dauerkaftm Erfolg.

Q 1994 Crls Posslac

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