Agenda 11/18/14

•1. Lect: Causes of Latin American Revolutions #7

98

Causes of Latin American Revolutions

1.The Enlightenment writings of John Locke, Voltaire, & Jean Rousseau; Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine.

2.Creole discontent at being left out of government jobs and trade concessions.

3.Inspiration of American and French Revolutions.

4.Preoccupation of Spain & Portugal in fighting the Napoleonic Wars.

1. Enlightenment Ideas

1.Natural Laws that govern human society and the animal world

2.Give people rights of life, liberty, property!

3.Make fair societies based on reason if possible.

4.Challenged the theory of “Divine Right” monarchy. That governments are created by people.

100John Locke

2. Creole Discontent

•Creole’s were upset about being second-class citizens. •Creole’s could not hold any political office in the New World despite their considerable wealth and their European education and heritage.

101

Casta PaintingsIn what ways does this image illustrate the Colonial hierarchy in the New World?

Colonial Class System

103

PeninsularesCreoles

Mestizos Mulattos

Native Americans African Slaves

Colonial Spanish America

Europeans

Peninsulares

Creoles

Mestizos

Mulattos

African Slaves

Native Americans

1%

25%

7%

7%

6%

54%

•Who holds power?

•Who revolts? –CREOLES… Why? •Creoles jealous of peninsulares

power •Creoles = wealthy •Creoles educated in Europe –Enlightenment •Creoles in charge of military

3. Inspiration of American & French Revolutions

•Enlightenment Ideas spur notions of equality •Natural Rights- John Locke •Notion of Government by the people •Power shifts from the top to the bottom Declaration of

Independence, 1776

Declaration of the Rights of Man & of the Citizen,

1789

4. Preoccupation of Spain & Portugal In Fighting Napoleonic Wars

•1800s - Napoleon is a dominating force in Europe. •Focus shifted from the colonies to territorial gains and conflict in Europe •Soldiers are pulled from New World into Europe •Creole military training gives them a natural advantage

Provides a model & a diversion!