Latin America Geography and History. The Physical Geography of Mexico and Central America Stretches...
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Transcript of Latin America Geography and History. The Physical Geography of Mexico and Central America Stretches...
![Page 1: Latin America Geography and History. The Physical Geography of Mexico and Central America Stretches 2,500 miles from the US border to South America Mountains.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db95503460f94aa983b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Latin America
Geography and History
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The Physical Geography of Mexico and Central America
• Stretches 2,500 miles from the US border to South America
• Mountains dominate
• Mexico’s Central Plain make up ½ of the country• Most people live
here
• Isthmus of Central America• Connects Pacific
Ocean and Caribbean Sea
• Coastal Plains • Narrow• Volcanic – provides
good soil for farming
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Overview of Latin America
Middle America
South America
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Sierra Madre Occidental, Durango,
Mexico
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:DSCK0456.JPG
Copper Canyon, Mexico
http://www.geo-im
ages.com/copper/divis/div2vw
.jpg
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http://en.wikipedia.org/w
iki/Image:42-16719625.jpg
The Panama Canal is a transportation corridor used to move people and products from one
place to another.
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The Physical Geography of the Caribbean
• Made up of two types of Islands – Skeleton and underwater Mountains
• Underwater Mountains• People make a living from
farming because soil is so good
• Skeleton Islands• Smaller• Coral – made up of
skeletons of dead sea animals
Cat Island, Bahamas
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The Physical Geography of South America
• Many Types of Landforms• Andes Mountains
• Run 15,000 Miles along Western Coast• Rich soil for farming• Very steep
• Rolling Highlands – East • Amazon River Basin
• Home to the World’s largest rainforest = 1/3 of the continent
• Pampas – South• Large plain that stretches through
Argentina and Paraguay
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Andes Mountains - between Chile and Argentina
http://en.wikiped
ia.org/w
iki/Im
age:And
es_C
hile_A
rgen
tina
.jpg
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Pampas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:CIMG5091.JPG
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The Rivers of South America
• Some of the longest and largest in the world
• Used for transportation when roads are not available
• Provide fish and hydroelectric power
Mouth of the Amazon River
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Amazon-river-delta-NASA.jpg
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The Rivers of South America
• Amazon
• World’s 2nd Largest – 7,000 miles• Carries 20 % of the world’s river water• Has 1,000 tributaries• Drains an area of more than 2 million sq
miles
• Rio de la Plata• Separates Argentina and Paraguay
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Amazon River
http://en.wikipedia.org/w
iki/Image:A
mazon_river_basin.png
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Rio de la Plata
http://en.wikipedia.org/w
iki/Image:R
iver_Plate.jpg
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Climate•Tropical Wet• Hot humid, rainy weather all year round (parts of Brazil)• Rainforest will be in this area
•Tropical Wet and Dry • Hot, rainy, but not all year• Parts of Mexico, Brazil, and most of the Caribbean
•Humid Subtropical• Similar to Southern US• Crops grow well he• These climates make tourism a major economic industry in Latin
America.
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Early Civilizations - Mayans• Mayan Civilization and
Culture• In Mexico and Central
America• Lasted from 300-
900AD• Most important crop
was maize• Built great cities that
were also religious centers
Capital city Tikal
• Science, Technology and Religion• Hieroglyphics –
system of picture writing
• Number system – similar to present day decimal system
• Mayan Priests• Study the planets
and stars• Designed and
accurate calendar
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Mystery of the Mayans
• AD 900, the Mayans left their cities
• No one knows why
• Their descendants are still living in Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador
Palenque Ruins
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Palenque_Ruins.jpg
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Aztecs
• Arrived in the Valley of Mexico in the 1100’s
• Found a permanent home in 1523 on an island in Lake Texacoco – city called Tenochtitlan
• 1400’s Aztecs conquered other people and forced them to pay a tribute.• Tribute = a tax this
helped them become rich.
• Science and Technology• Aztec Doctors made
over 1000 medicines from plants
• Astronomers predicted eclipses and the movements of the planets
• Priests kept records using Hieroglyphics
• Conquered by Hernan Cortes.
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Aztec Calendar http://en.wikipedia.org/w
iki/Image:C
alend%C3%
A1rio_A
steca.jpg
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The Incas
• About 1200, they settled in Cuzco • In the Andes which is
now Peru• Most were farmers who
grew maize• Got control of entire
Cuzco Valley through wars
• Valley stretched over 2,500 Miles
• Conquered by Francisco Pizarro
• Accomplishments• Cuzco center of
government, trade, learning, and religion
• Built over 19,000 miles of roads with most over very steep mountains
• Increased crop production by building stone terraces into the slopes of the mountains
• Built aqueducts
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Machu-PicchuLost City of the Incas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Machu-Picchu.jpg
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European Exploration
• 1400s – Spain and Portugal searching for new trade routes to Asia came to the Americas.
• 1492 – Columbus thought he had found India, instead he found the Americas
• Spain and Portugal became rivals over land in the Americas
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Spain in the New World
•Conquistadors (Spanish explorers) and Land• Spain would give them the right to hunt for treasure in these new lands
• They would give Spain one – fifth of what they found
• They could use ANY means to get their treasure
Oil Painting by Alfredo P. Alcala
http://christianvolt.blogs.friendster.com/photos/art_exhibits/conquistadors.html
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Hernando Cortes
• 1519 went to Mexican Coast in search of treasure
• Aztec thought the Spanish were gods
• Moctezuma – emperor• Welcomed Spanish• Peace did not last• He ended up being
killed
• Spanish teamed up with an Aztec Rival• Able to surround the
city• Aztecs surrendered in
1521
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Francisco Pizarro
• Heard the tales of the wealth of the Incas
• 1531 set sail with 180 soldiers
• Captured and killed emperor
• 1535 – conquered most of the empire including the capital
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Spain Conquers the Empires of Latin America
• Only took 15 years• Had guns, cannons, and horses• European diseases wiped out villages
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Spanish Colonization
• 1540s – Spain had land from Kansas (US) down through South America except Brazil
• Three classes of people• Spanish• Mestizos• Native Americans
• Spain gave its settlers the right to demand taxes or labor from the Native Americans• Many died from
overwork, malnutrition, and diseases
• Population went from 25 million in 1519 down to 3 million in 50 years