Lathe Level I

8/10/2019 Lathe Level I

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MModulodulPraktikumPraktikum CNCCNC Level ILevel I

IINTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTION

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The Denford CNC (Computer Numerical Control) unit tted

to Denfords range of machine tools is a FANUC compatible

system hich uses !"# code format$

This manual co%ers the stages in%ol%ed in producing the

coded instructions& used by the CNC unit to ma'e the

component$ These coded instructions are called the part

program$

ach part program contains a number of dierent codes&

the most important being the collection of * and + codes$ssentially& these form the basic language used to

describe ho a component ill be manufactured& the

order in hich to carry out machining tas's& hen to

change tools& ho fat to cut into the material etc$

The front sections of this manual co%er the basics of part

programming& including guidelines for general layout and

commands$ ach section builds progressi%ely& using plain&

easy to follo te,t& to co%er the most common aspects ofprogramming$ At the end of this stage& the operator

should be condent enough to tac'le basic part

programming$

Naturally& this manual cannot -teach. the operator

e%erything there is to 'no about programming$ The

sub/ect is simply too %ast to include it all$ The content of

this manual does& hoe%er& form a good basis from hich

to start learning and hopefully inspires condence is singmore technically structured documents$

The G Codes and M Codes sections contain information

hich are more specic to certain commands and

functions0 these sections are intended more as a


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FFEED FUNCTIONEED FUNCTION

M CM CODESODES(MISCELLANEOUS(MISCELLANEOUSFUNCTIONS)FUNCTIONS)

G CG CODESODES(PREPARATORY(PREPARATORY

FUNCTIONS)FUNCTIONS)

LabLaboratoriumoratoriumCNCCNCProgram Diploma Teknik MesinProgram Diploma Teknik Mesin SV-SV-UGMUGM

The mo%ement of the tool at a specied speed for cutting

is called the Feedrate$

The federate is dened using the F address letter folloed

by a numerical %alue$

Using the *2 code& the federate is dened in !nches per

minute$

Using the *1 code& the federate is dened in +illimetres

+iscellaneous functions& called M odes& are used by the

CNC to command on3o signals to the machine function$

ie& +24 5 spindle forard (C6)& +27 5 spindle stop& etc$

The functions allocated to loer + code number are

constant in most CNC controls& although the higher +

code number functions can %ary from one ma'e of

controller to the ne,t$

An + code is dened using the + address 8etter and a to

digit number as follos$

+ 22

Address To digit number

9reparatory functions& called G odes! are used to

determine the geometry of tool mo%ements and operating

state of the machine controller: functions such as linear

cutting mo%ements& drilling operations and specifying theunits measurement$

A * code is dened using the * address letter and a to

digit number as follos$

* 22

Address To digit number


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;A*!AN !;A*!AN !

CNC 8AT


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PPROGRAMROGRAMSTRUCTURESTRUCTURE

BBLOCKLOCKCONFIGURATIONCONFIGURATION

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G CG CODESODES

G40G40G41G41

G42G42(TOOLS NOSE(TOOLS NOSERADIUSRADIUSCOMPENSATION)COMPENSATION)


CANC88AT!#N #F T##8 N#" >AD!U" C#+9N"AT!#N

(*=2)

The *=2 code is used to cancel Tool nose radius

compensation$

A *=2 command can only be performed in a bloc' in

hich a linear mo%e (ie& *22& *21& *?) is programmed$

Folloing a radius or taper performed in compensation

mode& it is recommended that the to ne,t bloc's both

contain straight (linear) mo%es before a *=2 cancellation

code can be programmed$

These straight (linear) mo%es need only be slightly larger

than the tool nose radius$

The CNC control enters compensation cancel mode

automatically hen@

1) The machine poer is rst sitched on$

) The reset button on the C>T3+D! controller panel is

The folloing part program for a nishing pass shos the

recommended method for start0up and cancellation@

;!88T B4 77:

#22=?:

N2212 * *E *1 "4222 +24:

N222 +2 T2727:

N2242 *22 B44 :

N22=2 *21 22 F2$4:

N2272 B01 F2$1:N222 *22 B1 1:

N22E2 *21 *= B12 2 F2$: ("tart0Up)

N22?2 *24 B17$? 0$477 >4$2 F2$27:

N222 *21 B 4 F2$1:

N2122 072:

N2112 B44:

N212 *? *=2 U2 62: (Cancellation)

N2142 +42:


6/37



T##8 N#" >AD!U" C#+9N"AT!#N "TA>T0U9 (*=1 5

*=)

The operation instructing a machine to sitch to tool noseradius compensation mode is called the start-upbloc'& or

ramping on bloc'$ The start0up bloc' is used to allo the

tool time to change from mo%ing along the programmed

path line to folloing either side or the programmed path

line$

The start0up bloc' should satisfy the folloing points@

1) A *=1 or *= code must contained in the bloc'&

or specied in the pre%ious bloc'$

) A *21 B$$$ $$$ mo%e is specied in the bloc' and thedistance of the linear mo%e must be greater than the

tool nose radius$

4) The tool nose radius %alue& ->.& entered into the tool

osets table must not be 22$

=) The correct tool direction (orientation) number& -T.

must be entered into the tool osets table$

NOTE 1.

A *2 or *24 circular interpolation command cannot bespecied in the start0up bloc'$

NOTE 2.

!n tool nose radius compensation start0up& to bloc's are

read into the CNC control$ The rst bloc' is performed and

the second bloc' is entered and held in memory$

!n subseGuent compensation mo%es& to bloc's are read

in ad%ance& so the CNC control has the bloc' currently

being performed and the ne,t to bloc's in memory$

This is because tool nose radius compensation alaysneeds to 'no hat happens in the mo%e folloing the

one being currently performed$ The CNC control can plan

ahead to calculate the correct end position for the current

mo%e& that ill also be the correct start position alloing

for cutter compensation& for the ne,t mo%e$

NOTE 3.

The codes *=2& *=1 and *= are modal& belonging to the

same modal family$ They are incompatible ith each other

on the same bloc'$


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LabLaboratoriumoratoriumCNCCNCProgram Diploma Teknik MesinProgram Diploma Teknik Mesin SV-SV-UGMUGM E

6#>H 9#"!T!#N AND +#I+NT C#++AND

The four diagrams belo illustrate the direction of

compensation codes *=1 and *=& in or'ing situations$

6#>H 9#"!T!#N AND +#I+NT C#++AND

6hen tool nose radius compensation is reGuired in a CNC

program& the position of the billet in respect to the tool

must be specied using the table belo$

*

code

Direction Tool 9ath

*=2 Cancel +o%ement along programmed path

*=1 8efthand

+o%ement on the left hand side of theprogrammed path

*= >ight

hand

+o%ement on the right hand side of the

programmed path

The to diagrams belo illustrate the direction of

compensation codes *=1 and *=& in relation to your eye

le%el$

G41 58FT !*


8/37


LabLaboratoriumoratoriumCNCCNCProgram Diploma Teknik MesinProgram Diploma Teknik Mesin SV-SV-UGMUGM ?

NT>!N* TCT!#N AND8N*T< IA8U"

The machine controller reGuires three main pieces ofinformation& in order to calculate the cutter compensation

for each tool$ These three pieces of information& enteredinto the tools oset table& are@1) B and & referring to the tool oset %alues (accounting

for the dierent length of each tool)$

) >& referring to the tool nose radius$

4) T& referring to the direction of the tool nose (the tool

orientation)$

A ma,imum of 1 complete oset %alues can be listed inthe table$

The table belo shos an e,ample set of osets$

B 8N*TAD!U"

T##8D!>CT!#

N

Tool B > T

1 014?$2 0E$=7= 2$= 4

011$?7 0?4$1?7 2$?

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

17 017$=7 072$447 2$2 21 01E$47 0E7$7 2$= =

NOTEFrom the eight tool direction numbers a%ailable to indicatethe orientation of the imaginary tool nose& the number &4 and = correspond to@

5 ;orin bar cuttin toards the chuc'$

TT& A"

"N F#88#6!N* TCT!#N

#F +#I+NT& F>#+ ;

T##8


9/37

AB" D!>CT!#NF#> T##8 N#"NU+;>!N* TA;8&"CT!#N #F !+A*!NA>J T##8 N#"

The direction of the tool nose refers to its orientation in

respect to the billet position& ie& hich ay the tool ispointing& for e,ample& up and toards the left$ ach tool

direction has a number& from 2 5 & entered into the Tool

#sets table ne,t to the letter -T.$ !n addition to -T. the

tool length (B and oset) must also be entered together

ith a tool tip radius %alue ->.

The table ne,t page shos the tool directions for numbers

KB

AB!"

D!>(CT!#N


10/37


!+A*!NA>J T##8 N#" N# 1(8FT !N*)

!+A*!NA>J T##8 N#" N# (>!*J T##8 N#" N# 4

(8FT N!N*)

!+A*!NA>J T##8 N#" N# =

(>!*J T##8 N#" N# 7

!+A*!NA>J T##8 N#" N#

!+A*!NA>J T##8 N#" N# E

!+A*!NA>J T##8 N#" N# ?


TA;8 "CT!#N


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T##8 >AD!U"

To nd the correct amount of nose radius for the tool tip&

refer to the labelling on the original tool deli%ery bo,$

;elo is an e,ample of a tool tip code bo,& from !"# 1?4

5 1?7@

C N + * 1 2= 1 F N

1 4 = 7 E ?

!n the abo%e tip code bo,& the amount in bo, number E&

translates to a radius of 1$ mm

9AT< F#88#6D ;J "#FT6A>

>F>NC 9#!NT (D#TTD 8!N)

!" ;8#6 TCUTT!N* #N T!A8)

9AT< F#88#6D ;J "#FT6A>

>F>NC 9#!NT (D#TTD 8!N) !"

A;#I TCUTT!N* #N

T!A8 A6AJ)

K AB!"D!>CT!#N

K,

AB!"

D!>(C

T!#N


12/37



The collection of *=2& *=1 and *= codes allo the

machine controller to produce arcs and tapers on the

billet& %ery accurately& by automatically accounting for the

radius shape on the tools nose$ 6ithout tool nose

compensation& the prole cut by the tool nose ould be

sub/ect to undercutting and o%ercutting$

Tool nose radius compensation is not reGuired if the tools

cuts parallel to the B and a,es& as shon belo$ The

softare reference point and the cutting edge of the tools

both follo the same path$


13/37


G CG CODESODES

G70G70(FINISHING CYCLE)(FINISHING CYCLE)


After part prole rough cutting has been completed& usingthe *E1& *E or *E4 codes& the *E2 code can be used to

perform a nishing cut3pass$

A *E2 nishing pass command is ritten in the folloing

format@

*E2 9nsLn"

here&

ns M The seGuence number of the start bloc' for the

NOTE 1.

The to functions federate& F& and spindle speed& "&

commanded beteen the seGuence numbers ns and n"

ill only be eecti%e in the *E2 operation$

NOTE 2.

6hen the nishing pass is ended by reading the n"

seGuence number& the tool returns to the position it as

originally at before the *E2 as commanded$

NOTE 3.

!n the bloc's beteen the seGuence numbers nsto n"& no

sub programs can be called into operation$


14/37


G CG CODESODES

G71G71(S(STOCKTOCK RREMOVALEMOVALININ AAISIS))

LabLaboratoriumoratoriumCNCCNCProgram Diploma Teknik MesinProgram Diploma Teknik Mesin SV-SV-UGMUGM 1=

The *E1 code commands a multiple repetiti%e cycle&

sometimes referred to as a canned cycle$

Canned cycles are used ithin a CNC program to simplify

programming& since only the dimensions describing the

reGuired component prole are reGuired$ The CNC control

ill then generate the roughing cuts needed to ma'e this

component prole& from ithin its on memory$

;elo is a simplied diagram of the +o%ements of a *E1

canned cycle@

here&> M >apid Tra%erse

F M Feed

U1 M Depth of cut in B a,is

U M Finishing alloance in B a,is

6 M Finishing alloance in a,is


15/37



A *E1 command is ritten in the folloing format@

*E1 U(1) >:

*E1 9nsLn"U() 6 F:

here&

U(1) M Depth of cut in the B a,is (>adius %alue)

> M scaping amount (>etract)

ns M "eGuence number of the rst bloc' of the

programmed nished shape$

nf M "eGuence number of the last bloc' of the

programmed nished shape

U() M Distance and direction of the nishing alloance

in the B a,is (Diameter %alue)

6 M Distance and direction of the nishing alloance

in the a,is$

F M Feedrate for >oughing

N ns$$$$ :

$$$$ :

F $$$ :

" $$$ :

$$$$ :

N n"$$$$ :

NOTE 1.

!n canned cycle *E1& only an B a,is mo%e is permitted in

the rst bloc' of the nished prole (the nsbloc')

NOTE 2.

#nly *22& *21& *2& *24 and *2= can be programmed

beteen nsand n"bloc's$

!n the preceeding diagram& the seGuence of tool mo%es inthe *E1 cycle is as follos@

+o%e 1 5 From the start position& the tool retracts aay

from the start point$ The distance it mo%es eGuates to U

along the B a,is and 6 along the a,is& at a rapid

feedrate$

+o%e 5 The tool mo%es the distance U1& along the B a,is

toards the billet centreline& at a feedrate corresponding

to the * code in the nsbloc' (*21 or *22)$

+o%e 4 5 The tool mo%es along the a,is toards the

spindle& to a point that the CNC control has calculated in

relation to the nished prole$ The feedrate used is stated

in the second bloc' of *E1$

+o%e = 5 At this point the tool retracts in the B and a,es

aay from the or'& at an angle of 17 degrees$ The

escaping amount (ie& the retracting distance)& >& is stated

in the rst bloc' of the *E1$ A rapid tra%erse feedrate is

used$

+o%e 7 5 The tool then retracts along the a,is& at a rapid

feedrate until it reaches the start point of that same

diameter$

+o%e 5 From this point& mo%e numbers & 4& = and 7 are

repeated by the CNC control unit& until the programmed

shape beteen ns and n" has been roughed out$

+o%e E 5 After all the roughing passes are completed (ie&

a rough component shape is %isible)& the CNC control ill

perform a single roughing prole pass at the *E1 stated

feedrate$ 6hen this single pass is complete the tool ill

retract to the original starting position of the *E1$ The

ne,t bloc' ill then be read into the CNC control$

+o%e ? 5 !f the ne,t bloc' contains *E2 9nsLn"& the CNC

control ill use the same tool to perform a nishing pass

at a feedrate and spindle speed contained beteen ns

and n"$

"hould a dierent tool be reGuired to perform the nishing

pass& the bloc' after n"ould instruct the machine to

mo%e to a tool change position$ The ne,t bloc' ould

instruct the machine to change to the tool reGuired for the

+o%e commands are

specied beteen program

bloc' numbers nsto n"


16/37




17/37

AB" D!>CT!#N F#>T##8 N#"NU+;>!N* TA;8&"(CT!#N


18/37


LabLaboratoriumoratoriumCNCCNCProgram Diploma Teknik MesinProgram Diploma Teknik Mesin SV-SV-UGMUGM 1?

,ample of programming an internal prole using a

multiple repetiti%e cycle (*E2& *E1)

(Diameter Designation& +etric !nput)$

N222 $$$$$$ :

N22E2 *22 B1$2 $2: ("tart and Finish 9osition)

N22?2 *E1 U1$7 >2$7:

N222 *E1 9122 L1E2 U01$7 62$2E F2$2E7:

N2122 *21 B4$2 F2$4: (ns)

N2112 2$7:

N212 B4$2 01$7 F2$27:

N2142 017$2 F2$2E:

N21=2 B2$2 042$2:N2172 0=4$7:

N212 *24 B1E$2 0=7 >1$7 F2$27:

N21E2 *21 B 17$?: (n")

N21?2 *E2 9122 L1E2: (Finishing 9ass)


19/37


G CG CODESODES


The *E cycle is similar to the *E1 e,cept that the cut isapplied in the a,is$

The diagram belo shos the tool mo%ements for a *E

mo%e@

here&

F M Feed$

> M >apid Tra%erse$

6(1) M Depth of cut

6() M Finishing cut in a,is

U M Finishing cut in B a,is

A *E command is ritten in the folloing format@

*E 6(1) >:

*E 9ns Lnf U 6() F:

here&

6(1) M Depth of cut in the a,is$

> M scaping amount (>etract)$



nf M "eGuence number of the last bloc' of the


U M Distance and direction of the nishing alloance

in the B a,is

6() M Distance and direction of the nishing alloance

in the a,is (Diameter %alue)$

F M Feedrate for >oughing


20/37


G72G72(STOCK REMOVAL(STOCK REMOVALIN FACING)IN FACING)



21/37


G CG CODESODES


The function of the *E4 canned cycle is to permit thecutting of a programmed prole repeatedly$ !t is manly

used for machined parts here the rough shape has

already been formed by either tough machining& forging

or casting$

here&

F M Feed$

> M >apid patterns$

U (1) M Distance and direction of relief in the B a,is

direction (>adius %alue)

6 (1) M Distance and direction of relief in the a,is

direction$


*E4 U(1) 6(1) >:

*E4 9nsLn"U() 6() F:

here&

U(1) M Depth of cut in the B a,is (>adius %alue)

6(1) M Depth of cut in the a,is

> M scaping amount (>etract)



n" M "eGuence number of the last bloc' of the


U() M Distance and direction of the nishing alloance

in the B a,is (Diameter %alue)$

6() M Distance and direction of the nishing alloance

in the a,is (Diameter %alue)

M

,ample of programming an e,ternal prole using a

multiple repetiti%e cycle (*E2& *E)


N22=2 $$$$$$ :

N2272 *22 B?1$2 $2: ("tart and Finish 9osition)

N222 *E 6$2 >2$7:

N22E2 *E 9?2 L172 U2$7 61$2 F2$1:

N22?2 *22 02$2: (ns)

N222 *21 B?2$2 F2$:

N2122 B2$2 612$2 F2$2E7:

N2112 612$2:

N212 B=2$2 612$2:

N2142 62$2:

N21=2 B1?$2 611$2:

N2172 61$2: (n")

N212 *E2 9?2 L172: (Finishing 9ass)

N21E2 $$$$$$


22/37


G73G73(PATTERN(PATTERNREPEATING)REPEATING)


NOTE 1.

An B and A,is mo%e must be programmed in the ns

bloc'

NOTE 2.

The four cutting patterns used by *E1 can also be used by


23/37


G CG CODESODES


,ample of programming an e,ternal prole using a

multiple repetiti%e cycle (*E2& *E1)


N2272 $$$$$$:

N222 *22 B?$2 $2:

N22E2 *E4 U12$2 612$2 >4$2:

N22?2 *E4 92 L172 U$2 61$2 F2$1:

N222 *22 B17$2 2$7: (ns)N2122 *21 B2$2 0$22 F2$27:

N2112 042$2 F2$2E7:

N212 B=2$2 07$2:

N2142 07$2:

N21=2 *2 B2$2 0127$2 >12$2:

N2172 *21 B?$2 011$2: (n")

N212 *E2 92 L172:

N21E2 $$$$$$:

The folloing diagram illustrates the mo%ements of a *E=

command if used in con/unction ith a U0drill Chip

brea's 3 9ec' cycles are useful for limiting the siOe of the

aste sarf$

A *E= command is ritten in the folloing format@

*E= >(1):

*E= B(U) (6) 9 L >() F:

here&

>(1) M 9ec' >eturn amount$

B(U) M Diameter of the bore if stepo%er is used (ie&

stepping along the B a,is to repeat the pec' cycle)(6) M Depth of the bore$

9 M "tepo%er in the B a,is measured in micronPs

(ithout sign)$

L M 9ec'ing depth in the a,is measured in micronPs

(ithout sign)

F M Feedrate


24/37


G74G74(END FACE PECK(END FACE PECKDRILLING CYCLE)DRILLING CYCLE)

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NOTE 1.*E= is a chip brea' cycle (ie& pec' drilling)& not a deep

hole drilling cycle here the drill retracts clear of the hole

hen it pec's$

NOTE 2.

!n a *E=& the absolute %alues of B and may be replaced

ith the incremental %alues U and 6$

,ample of programming an end face pec' drilling cycle

(*E=)

(Diameter Designation& +etric !nput)

N22E2 $$$$$$:

N22?2 *22 B4$2 $2:

N222 *E= >2$7:

N2122 *E= B47$2 0=2$2 9=222 L12222 >2$7 F2$:

N2112 $$$$$$:

!n the abo%e program& the drill is positioned at B4$2 $2$

From this point& the *E= command is read into the CNC

control$ The drill mo%es forard 12mm (the L %alue) and

then retracts 2$7mm (the > (1) %alue)$ These mo%ements

are repeated until the full depth is leached (the (6)

%alue)$

At this point& the drill mo%es in a minus direction along the

B a,is (toards the spindle centreline) 2$7mm (the > ()

%alue)& then it retracts at a rapid tra%erse rate to the start

position in the a,is$ From this point& the drill mo%es in a

positi%e direction along the B a,is =mm (the 9 %alue) and

the seGuence of pec' drilling mo%es is repeated until theB a,is diameter and a,is depth stop is reached$ The tool

ill repeat this operation of pec' drilling each cut0in

section until the correct hole diameter is achie%ed$

After all the mo%es ha%e been completed& the drill is

retracted bac' to the start osition in the a,is and the


25/37




26/37


G CG CODES !ODES !

G7"G7"(OUTER(OUTERDIAMETER #DIAMETER #INTERNALINTERNALDIAMETERDIAMETERDRILLING ANDDRILLING ANDGROOVINGGROOVINGCYCLE)CYCLE)


The *E7 command permits drilling and groo%ing in the B

a,is$ A chip brea' cycle is also possible 5 chip brea'ing is

the same as drilling in pec'ing stages to limit sarf siOe$


*E7 >(1):

*E7 B(U) (6) 9 L >() F:

here&

the denitions of >(1)& B(U)& (6)& 9& L& >() and F are

the same as *E=$

NOTE 1.

6hen *E7 is used for groo%ing& the retract mo%e (> ()) at

the base of the groo%e may be impossible& unless a

clearance amount has been pro%ided$ !f no clearance

amount has been left& the > () %alue must be Oero of

omitted from the bloc'$


27/37


G CG CODESODESLabLaboratoriumoratoriumCNCCNCProgram Diploma Teknik MesinProgram Diploma Teknik Mesin SV-SV-UGMUGM E

,ample of programming a *E7 command for groo%ing$


N2272 $$$$$$:

N222 *22 B7$2 0?$2:

N22E2 *21 B$2 F2$2E7:

N22?2 *22 B7$2:

N222 60$7:N2122 *E7 >2$7:

N2112 *E7 B2$2 0=2 9722 >2$7 F2$2E7:

N212 $$$$$$:

The *E command contains& ithin to bloc's& all the

information reGuired to generate a standard thread form

and pitch$

A *E uses one edge cutting to reduce the load on the

tool tip$

A *E command is ritten in the folloing format@

*E 9(A) 3 (;) 3 (C) L(+in) >:

*E B(U) (6) 9(D9) L(1st) F:

here&

9(A) M Number of thread nishing passes (1 to )9(;) M The chamber amount$ This is the angle at hich

the tool lea%es the billet& at the end of the thread

cutting cycle$

9(C) M The angle of the tool tip (?2o& 2o& 77o& 42o& o&

and 2o)

Note 5 (A)& (;) and (C) are all specied at the

same time by the address 9& eg& 92422 M

number of cuts is 24& chamfer amount of 2 and

tool angle of 2o$

L(+in) M +inimum cutting depth (in microns)$6hen the depth of the cut calculated by the CNC

control becomes less than this limit& the cutting

depth is clamped at this minimum %alue$

> M Finishing alloance$ This is the nal& or nishing&

cuts applied to the thread$ The number of stages

to complete this nishing alloance is


28/37


G7$G7$(MULTIPLE(MULTIPLETHREAD CUTTINGTHREAD CUTTINGCYCLE)CYCLE)

LabLaboratoriumoratoriumCNCCNCProgram Diploma Teknik MesinProgram Diploma Teknik Mesin SV-SV-UGMUGM ?

continuedQ$$

B(U) M The end position of the thread in the B a,is (the

core diameter)$(6) M The end position of the thread in the a,is$

9(D9) M The depth of the thread as a radius %alue (in

microns)$

L(1st) M The depth of the rst pass as a radius %alue (in

microns)$

F M The siOe of the thread itch$


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NOTE 1.

6hen incremental dimensions are used& their signs (5 or

K) are dened as follos@

U and 6 M 9lus3+inus (determined by the direction of the

tool path)$

> M 9lus3+inus (determined by the direction of the tool

path)

9 M 9lus (alays)

L M 9lus (alays)$

NOTE 2.

Four symmetrical patterns can be considered depending

on the sign (plus or minus) of the B and a,is

mo%ements$

,ample of programming a multiple thread cutting cycle

(*E)


N222 $$$$$$:

N2122 *22 B1$7 7$2:

N2112 *E 924222 L172 >2$24:

N212 *E B14$7= 0=2$2 91 L422 F$2:

N2142 $$$$$$:


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G CG CODESODES

G%1G%1(DEEP HOLE(DEEP HOLEDRILLING CYCLE)DRILLING CYCLE)


,ample of programming an internal thread cutting cycle

(*E)


N222 $$$$$$:

N2122 *22 BE$ 7$2:

N2112 *E 92=222 L122 >2$2=:

N212 *E B42 0=2 92 L22 F1$7:

N2142 $$$$$$:

The command *?1 performs a deep drilling operation&

here the drill retracts completely out of the hole at each

pec'$ The denition of one of these operations is called a

one pass cycle$

!f a repetition of the cycle is reGuired& only the %alues that

change need to be entered into the ne,t bloc'& ie& the

depth$


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SUMMARY &' CNC LATHE INSTRUCTION



Absolute&

N2272 $$$$$$:

N222 *22 B2$2 $2:

N22E2 *?1 02$2 F2$1:

N22?2 047$2:

N222 0=7$2:

N2122 072$2:

N2112 *$$$$$$:

!n the abo%e program& the drill is positioned at the start

point and *?1 02$2 F2$1 is read into the machine

controller$ The drill then cuts into the billet to the stated

position (02$2) and then raid tra%erses bac' to the

starting point$ At this point& the ne,t bloc' is read into the

machine controller (047$2)$ The drill rapid tra%erses

forard to ithin 1mm of the pre%ious cut (01$2) here

cutting starts for this pass$ These mo%es continue (cut0in&

rapid out to start& rapid bac' to ithin 1mm)& until the lat

bloc' containing a a,is bloc' has been completed$ The

ne,t bloc' containing a dierent * code ill cancel the


!ncremental&

N2272 $$$$$$:

N222 *22 B2$2 $2:

N22E2 *?1 60$2 F2$1:

N22?2 604E$2:

N222 60=E$2:

N2122 607$2:

N2112 *$$$$$$:


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G00 F* T+,-+-*22 causes linear motion to the gi%en position at the ma,imum federate$Formula@ 0 *22 , Absolute system

0 *22 U 6 !ncremental system

G01 L/-+ T+,-+-*21 causes linear motion to the gi%en position at the last specied federate$Formula@ 0 *21 B F Absolute system

0 *21 U 6 F !ncremental system

G02#G03 A+ T+,-+-G02 Clock wise Arc*2 causes a cloc'ise arc to the specied position$Formula 1@ 0 *2 B > F Absolute system

0 *2 U 6 > F !ncremental systemFor arc ith less or eGual 1?2o

Formula @ 0 *2 B ! H F Absolute system0 *2 U 6 ! H F !ncremental systemFor arc until full circle or 42o

G03 Counter Clockwise Arc*24 causes a counter cloc'ise arc to the specied position$Formula 1@ 0 *2 B > F Absolute system

0 *2 U 6 > F !ncremental systemFor arc ith less or eGual 1?2o

Formula @ 0 *2 , ! H F Absolute system0 *2 U 6 ! H F !ncremental systemFor arc until full circle or 42o

G04 D- T-*2= causes the program to ait for a specied amount of timeFormula@ 0 *2= B time in second

0 *2= U time in second0 *2= 9 time in 131222 second

G20#G21 M-+--/* /*G20 Imperial*2 causes positions to be interpreted as being in imperial units$

This can only be at the start of the main program$

Formula@ 0 *2G21 Metric*1 causes positions to be interpreted as being in metric units$

This can only be at the start of the main program$Formula@ 0 *1

G2% G& *& R-'-+-/- P&/**? causes a fast tra%erse to the specied position and then to the machine datum$

G40#G41#G42 C&5-/*&/ T&&G40 Cancel Compensation*=2 cancels tool nose radius compensation or mo%ement along programmed path$

G41 Compensate Left*=1 enables tool nose radius compensation to the left of the programmed path$G42 Compensate Right



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*= enables tool nose radius compensation to the right of the programmed path$

G"0 C&&+6/*- S-**/ /6 C5 S5/6-G0 Coor!inate "etting*72 sets coordinate setting bloc' has an -B.& -.& -U. or -6. upon it$ *72 creates ane coordinate system in hich the tools current position is set to the speciedcoordinates$ The ne coordinates can be in absolute or incremental form$G0 Clamp "pin!le*72 sets the ma,imum spindle speed for constant surface spped control$

G70#G71#G728G73 M*5- C9-G#0 $inishing C%cle*E2 causes a range of bloc's to be e,ecuted& then control passes to the bloc' afterthe *E2$ *E2 uses to nishing *E13*E3*E4$G#1 Multiple &urning*E1 causes the prole to be roughed out by turning$ Control passes on to after thelast bloc' or the prole$ To *E1 bloc's are needed to specify all the %alues$

Formula@ 0 *E1 U > Fist ;loc'0 *E1 9 L U 6 F "econd ;loc'

G72 M*5- F/*E causes the prole to be roughed out by facing$ Control passes on to after thelast bloc' of the prole$

To *E bloc' are needed to specify all the %alues$Formula@ 0 *E 6 > Fist ;loc'

0 *E 9 L 6 F "econd ;loc'

G73 P**-+/ R-5-*/*E4 causes the prole to be roughed out by displacing the prole$ Control passes on

to after the last bloc' of the prole$ To *E4 bloc' are needed to specify all the%alues$Formula@ 0 *E U 6 > Fist ;loc'

0 *E 9 L U L F "econd ;loc'

G74 E/6 F- P-: D+/*E= is a a,is pec'ing cycle$

To bloc's are reGuired$

G7" D-*-+ D+/ &+ G+&&,/ C9-*E7 is an B a,is pec'ing cycle$

To bloc's are reGuired$

T;- &' T 9!TC< D9T< TA9P* D>!88

1$ 1$1E2 2$47 2$1=E 1$7

1$? 1$4E2 2$47 2$1=E 1$=7



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A *2 is the diameter cutting cycle$ !t is the eGui%alent of

1 S rapid to B position

2 S feed to B position

3 S feed to start B positionS rapid to start position

G>2 T4 F/ C9-A *= is an end face cutting cycle$ !t is the eGui%alent of

1 S rapid to position S feed to B position4 S feed to start position= S rapid to start B position

!f an ->. %alue is specied tapering ill be performed$ The initial rapid mo%e ill beto the position plus the ->. %alue$

S5/6- S5--6 O5*&/G'( Constant "urfaceG'( )na*les Constant "urface "pee!G'# +ormal "pin!leG'# Cancels Constant "urface "pee!

The spindle speed ill not change until the ne,t -". %alue is reached$

F--6 R*- O5*&/G', $ee! -er MinuteG', sets the fee! per minute mo!e (This is the default)$G'' $ee! -er Re.olutionG'' sets the fee! per re.olution mo!e/

S+9 '&+ M C&6- '&+ L*


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"tops the spindle$ Turns the coolant o$ Terminates the CNC program$,ample@ +2

M03 S5/6- F&++6"tarts the spindle spinning forard at the last specied spindle rate$,ample@ +24 "122 and +24

M04 S5/6- R-,-+-"tarts the spindle spinning in re%erse at the last specied spindle rate$,ample@ +2= "122 and +2=

M0" S*&5 S5/6-"tops the spindle ithout changing the spindle speed$,ample@ +27

M0$ T&& C&&/* O?+2 turns the coolant o$

M10 C


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M$3 S-* O*5* 2 &/"ets au,illary output on$

M$4 S-* &*5* 1 &?"ets au,illary output 1 o$

M$" S-* O*5* 2 &?"ets au,illary output o$

M$$ * '&+ I/5* 1 &/6aits until au,illary input 1 is on$

M$7 * '&+ I/5* 2 &/6aits until au,illary input is on$

M7$ * '&+ I/5* 1 &?6aits until au,illary input 1 is o$

M77 * '&+ I/5* 2 &?6aits until au,illary input is o$

M>% S;5+&+ +? causes another program to be e,ecuted$ The -9. %alue species the programnumber and the number of times to e,ecute it$ The rightmost = digits are theprogram number$ The digits to the left are the number of repetitions$ There can beup to repetitions& if the %alue is omitted it is called once$,amples@ +? 91 and +? 91221 both e,ecute CNC program 1 once$

M>> S;5+&+ E*

>eturns control to the program that called the current program$ !f a -9. %alue isspecied then e,ecution begins from the bloc' ith the same -N. number&otherise it is from the bloc' after the subprogram call$!f an + is specied in the main program then the e,ecution id from the start ofthe program$,amples@ + return to the bloc' folloing the call

+ 912 returns to the bloc' ith -N. %alue 12$

Lathe Level I

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Transcript of Lathe Level I