Company

LOGO

Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE)

Latex symbols and commandsDr. Ahmed Fouad Ali

Suez Canal University, Dept. of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and informatics

Member of the Scientific Research Group in Egypt

Company

LOGO Scientific Research Group in Egyptwww.egyptscience.net

Company

LOGO Outline (1)1. Operations

4. Brackets

3. Sums, integrals and products

5. Multiline formulas and piecewise functions

2. Subscripts and superscripts

6. Arrows

Company

LOGO Outline (2). 7. Function names

10. Fonts

9. Punctuation

11. Spacing

8. Matrices

Company

LOGO Operations

Command Symbols Latex syntaxsquare root \sqrt{x+\sqrt{y}}higher order roots \sqrt[mn]{x+y} \quad \sqrt[3]

{2}

root sign \surd[x+y]fractions \frac{a+b}{x+\log\frac{Y}{Z}}

force large (display) fraction

\frac{a+b}{x+\log\dfrac{Y}{Z}}

continued fraction 1+\cfrac{2}{  3+\cfrac{4}{    5+\cfrac{6}{7+\dotsb}}} =\frac{1}{\sqrt e - 1}

binomial \binom{n+1}{k}

Company

LOGO Operations

Command Symbols Latex syntaxprime y'' + y' + y = umod \begin{array}{l}

  a\bmod n=b \\  a\equiv b\pmod n \\  a\equiv b\mod n \\  a\equiv b\pod n\end{array}

Company

LOGO Subscripts and superscriptsCommand Symbols Latex syntaxsubscripts x_1, x_2 \quad a_{ij}superscripts x^y \quad e^{2j\pi t} \quad a_{ij}^2

multilevel subscripts

\sum_{\substack{      1 \le m \le N, \\      m\text{ odd}}} P(m)

nested sub/superscripts

a_{b_j} \quad e^{x^2}

sub- and superscripts before the symbol

{}_n C_k

subscripts and superscripts for large symbols

\sideset{^a_b}{'_c}\sum

Company

LOGO Sums, integrals, and productsCommand Symbols Latex syntaxsum \sum_{i=1}^{+\infty}

product \prod_{\alpha \in U}

integral \int_{x_0}^{x_1}

contour \oint_C

double and triple integrals

\iint_S \quad \iiint_S

even more integrals \iiiint_S \quad \idotsint_S

integrals with alternative limit placement

\int\limits_\alpha^\beta \quad\iint\limits_S

Company

LOGO Sums, integrals, and productsCommand Symbols Latex syntaxunions and intersections

\bigcup_{\alpha\in S} \quad\bigcap_{V\in\mathfrak{V}}

direct sums, co-products, and so on

\bigodot \quad \bigoplus

\bigotimes \quad \bigsqcup

\biguplus \quad \coprod

\bigvee \quad \bigwedge

Company

LOGO BracketsCommand Symbols Latex syntaxpairing brackets ( \; ), [ \; ], \{ \; \}

\lvert\;\rvert, \lVert\;\rVert

\lceil\;\rceil, \lfloor\;\rfloor

\langle\;\rangle

absolute value \abs{u(t)}

norm \norm{\hat{G}}_\infty

Company

LOGO BracketsCommand Symbols Latex syntax

\left(  \sum_{i=1}^{n} e^{2\pi j i^2}\right)

( \sum_{i=1}^{n} e^{2\pi j i^2} )

\Biggl(  \biggl(  \Bigl(  \bigl( \quad\Biggr\} \biggr\} \Bigr\} \bigr\}

\left[ \sum_j      \left|\sum_i x_{ij}\right|^2\right] ^{1/2}

Company

LOGO BracketsCommand Symbols Latex syntax

\biggl[ \sum_j      \Bigl|\sum_i x_{ij}\Bigr|^2\biggr]^{1/2}

O\left(\left(    m^2+n^2\right)\log n\right)

O\bigl((m^2+n^2)\log n\bigr)

Company

LOGO Multiline formulas and piecewise functions

Command Symbols Latex syntaxpiecewise functions/cases

a_k = \begin{cases}  k & \text{for $k \le n/2$} \\  n & \text{for $k=n/2$} \\  k-1 & \text{otherwise}\end{cases}

multiline equations (aligned at &)

\begin{split}\tan^2 x  &= \sin^2 x/\cos^2 x \\  &= 1/\cos^2 x - 1\end{split}

systems of equations

\left\{\begin{array}{l}  ax+by=r_1 \\  cx+dy=r_2\end{array}\right.

Company

LOGO ArrowsCommand Symbols Latex syntaximplication x^2=4 \implies x=\pm 2

if and only if x^2=4 \iff x=\pm 2

tends to x\to+\infty

gets A\gets B+C

sizable single A\xleftarrow{\rm today}B

Company

LOGO ArrowsCommand Symbols Latex syntaxhorizontal arrows B\xrightarrow{\rm tomorrow}C

C \xrightarrow    [\text{(except Fridays)}]    {\text{every day}} D

sizable single vertical arrows

\left \uparrow \sum \right\downarrow \;\Big\updownarrow

sizable double vertical arrows

\left \Uparrow \sum \right\ Downarrow \;\Big\Updownarrow

Company

LOGO Function namesSymbols syntax Symbols syntax Symbols syntax

\arccos \cot \ln

\arcsin \coth \exp

\arctan \csc \gcd

\arg \deg \hom

\cos \det \inf

\cosh \dim \injlim

Company

LOGO Function namesSymbols syntax Symbols syntax Symbols syntax

\varinjlim \limsup \projlim

\ker \varlimsup \varprojlim

\lg \log \sec

\lim \max \sin

\liminf \min \sinh

\varliminf \Pr \sup

\tan \tanh

Company

LOGO MatricesCommand Symbols Latex syntaxmatrix (square-bracketed)

\begin{bmatrix}      \lambda \\      1 & \lambda \\      & \ddots & \ddots \\      & & 1 & \lambda\end{bmatrix}_{n\times n}

alternative delimiters \begin{pmatrix}a\\b\\c\end{pmatrix},\begin{Bmatrix}a\\b\\c\end{Bmatrix},\begin{vmatrix}a\\b\\c\end{vmatrix},\begin{Vmatrix}a\\b\\c\end{Vmatrix},\begin{matrix}a\\b\\c\end{matrix}

inline matrices (\begin{smallmatrix}1 && 2 \\3 && 4\end{smallmatrix})

Company

LOGO PunctuationCommand Symbols Latex syntaxdots between commas

x_1, x_2, \dotsc, x_n

dots between binary operations

x_1 + x_2 + \dotsb + x_n

dots between integrals

\int\dotsi\int

dots between multiplication signs

x(x+1)\dotsm(x+n)

colon (meaning “such that” or when defining domains)

f\colon \mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{R}

vertical and diagonal \vdots \quad \ddots

Company

LOGO FontsCommand Symbols Latex syntaxnormal text x+\frac{1}{x} \ge 2

\text{ for all $x>0$}

bold text, upright \textbf{I am Jack's bold text.}

bold math, upright AB\mathbf{CD}EF

bold math, italic AB\boldsymbol{C}\boldsymbol{D}EF

poor AB\pmb{C}\pmb{D}EF

calligraphic(uppercase Latin letters only)

\begin{array}{c}\mathcal{ABCDEFGHIJKLM} \\\mathcal{NOPQRTSUVWXYZ}\end{array}

Company

LOGO FontsCommand Symbols Latex syntaxblackboard bold (uppercase Latin letters only)

\begin{array}{c}\mathbb{ABCDEFGHIJKLM} \\\mathbb{NOPQRTSUVWXYZ}\end{array}

sans-serif font \begin{array}{c}\mathsf{ABCDEFGHIJKLM} \\\mathsf{NOPQRTSUVWXYZ} \\\mathsf{abcdefghijklm} \\\mathsf{nopqrtsuvwxyz} \\\mathsf{0123456789}\end{array}

typewriter \begin{array}{c}\mathtt{ABCDEFGHIJKLM} \\\mathtt{NOPQRTSUVWXYZ} \\\mathtt{abcdefghijklm} \\\mathtt{nopqrtsuvwxyz} \\\mathtt{0123456789}\end{array}

Company

LOGO Spacing

Command Symbols Latex syntaxdefault (none) x y

quad (width of ) x\quad y

double quad x\qquad y

virtual space \Gamma_{ij}^{\phantom{ij}k}

Company

LOGO

Thank you

http://www.egyptscience.net

Ahmed_fouad@ci.suez.edu.eg