LaTeX Intro Course

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Download exercises from:www.latex.dtu.dk/downloads/Course/intro_exercises.pdf

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Introduction to LATEX

Remus M. Prunescu, Ioana Mures,an, Kasper Laursen

LATEX Support Group, Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

IntroductionContent

• Introduction

• The first LATEX-document

• Advanced features

• Final remarks

Exercises and hands-on experience.

3 Technical University of Denmark Introduction to LATEX 20.10.2014

IntroductionAbout us

• Who are we?• Software Engineering – but. . .Everybody writing reports and structured documents can benefit fromusing LATEX.

• Why this course?• Practical experience is the best way to learn LATEX.

• Our qualifications?• We have been using LATEX for 5+ years.• We arrange courses like the one you are attending now.• G-bar LATEX-support


IntroductionAbout This Course

Agenda

• What is LATEX?

• The structure of a LATEX-document

• How to compile (typeset) a LATEX-document.

• How to use LATEX on the G-databar system.

• How to find and correct errors.

• How to learn more about LATEX.

The form of this course

• Approximately. 13 lectures.

• Approximately. 23 exercises.


IntroductionWhat is LATEX?

LATEX facts

• Extension to the typesetting system TEX.• Makro-based mark-up of text documents.• Available on all the operating systems. Free and open source.

When should you use LATEX?

• If your document contains math.• If elegant typography is of importance.• If your text is structured.

Drawbacks

• Steep learning curve.


IntroductionWhat is LATEX not?

WYSIWYG vs. WYSIWYM

• LATEX is What You See Is What You Meanand not What You See Is What You Get.

• MS Word and alike encourages you to produce inconsistent layout.

• It can be difficult to make cross references, bibliography etc. in MS-Word andalike.

When should you not use LATEX?

• If your text isn’t structured.

• For documents with fancy text and graphics(invitations, posters etc.).

• If your supervisor insists that you use MS-Word.


IntroductionTools you need to begin using LATEX

LATEX-distribution

TEXlive TEX distribution for Unix/Linux. http://www.tug.org/texlive/

MiKTEX TEX distribution for Windows. Easy to install and maintain.http://www.miktex.org/

MacTEX TEX distribution for Mac. http://www.tug.org/mactex/

Text editor – free choice

TEXmaker Free/open source for Windows, Linux and Mac.

TEXStudio Free/open source for Windows, Linux and Mac.

Emacs Very powerful editor.

Online alternatives

shareLATEX www.sharelatex.com

writeLATEX www.writelatex.com


http://www.tug.org/texlive/

http://www.miktex.org/

http://www.tug.org/mactex/

www.sharelatex.com

www.writelatex.com

The first LATEX-documentThe structure of a LATEX-document

Input\documentclass{article}<preambel>\begin{document}A simple \LaTeX-document.\end{document}

OutputA simple LATEX-document.

Documentclasses

article Articles, papers etc. Wewill use this class today.

report For larger documents.

book For books.

letter For letters.

beamer For presentations.

. . . and many more. . .


The first LATEX-documentMultilingual LATEX and font improvements

Æ, ø, å, etc. and accents\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}\usepackage{lmodern}

Danish hyphenation (english)\usepackage[danish]{babel} (\usepackage[english]{babel})

European decimal sign\usepackage{icomma}$\pi\approx 3,14$ becomes π ≈ 3,14 and not π ≈ 3, 14.


The first LATEX-documentTypesetting a document

File formats

.tex Input file. The file you are writing.

.dvi Output file. View this in a dvi viewer (xdvi).

.ps PostScript file. View this with GhostView (gv).

.pdf Can be opened using Acrobat Reader (acroread).

file.tex

file.dvi

file.pdf

file.ps

LATEX dvips

dvipdfm

pdfLATEX

ps2pdf


The first LATEX-documentHow to use TEXmaker

• You can start TEXmaker from a terminal with the command: texmaker & orfrom the G-databar program menu.

• Files can be typeset and viewed using TEXmakers arrow buttons shown below.

• The typeset engine and the viewer are selected using the drop menus.

• It is also possible to use the shortcuts:

quick build pdfLATEX view PDF view log bibliography

F1 F6 F7 F10 F11


The first LATEX-documentHow to use shareLATEX

• Open a web browser and go to www.sharelatex.com

• You don’t need to install any software on your computer.

• You can access your documents from any computer.

• Real-time collaboration.

• Live demo.


www.sharelatex.com

ExercisesSolve exercises 1 and 2

Experiment and ask questions!






The first LATEX-documentThe structure of the document

Level Article Report/Book

Part \partChapter \chapterSection \section \sectionSubsection \subsection \subsectionSubsubsection \subsubsection \subsubsectionParagraph \paragraph \paragraph

The above commands have a *-version and using these results in nonumber and no entry in the table of contents:e.g. \section*{A heading}Print the table of contents with the command \tableofcontents


The first LATEX-documentInline math

InputLorem ipsum\begin{math}c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos(C)\end{math}dolor sit amet

OutputLorem ipsum c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos(C) dolor sit amet

\begin{math} and \end{math} can be replaced by$ <math> $ or simply $<math>$.


The first LATEX-documentDisplayed math

InputLorem ipsum\begin{displaymath}c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos(C)\end{displaymath}dolor sit amet

OutputLorem ipsum

c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos(C)

dolor sit amet

Shortcuts: \[ <math> \] or $$<math>$$.


The first LATEX-documentNumbered equations

InputLorem ipsum\begin{equation}c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos(C)\end{equation}dolor sit amet

OutputLorem ipsum

c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos(C) (1)

dolor sit amet

LATEX handles the numbering automatically.


The first LATEX-documentSystem of equations

InputLorem ipsum\begin{subequations}\begin{align}\bm{F} &= m\bm{a}\\\bm{a} &= \dot{\bm{v}}\\\bm{v} &= \dot{\bm{r}}\end{align}\end{subequations}dolor sit amet

OutputLorem ipsum

F = ma (2a)a = v (2b)v = r (2c)

dolor sit amet

• The equations are aligned at the & characters

• \usepackage{mathtools, bm}


ExercisesSolve exercises 3 to 5







The first LATEX-documentLists

List environments

description Descriptions.

enumerate Numbered lists.

itemize Bullet lists.

Input\begin{enumerate}\item One item.\item Another item.\end{enumerate}

Optional tickmark in itemize.\item[a] One item.

itemize

• One item.

• Another item.

itemize with optional argument

a One item.

b Another item.

enumerate

1 One item.

2 Another item.


The first LATEX-documentRefer to. . .

Labels are placed by the command \label{<name>}.

Referencer are made by the commands• \ref{<name>} refers to a number.• \pageref{<name>} refers to a page number.• \eqref{<name>} refers to a equation number.

ExampleThis is an equation with anumber:\begin{equation}a^2 + b^2 = c^2.\label{eq:pyt}\end{equation}The equation has the number\eqref{eq:pyt}.

OutputThis is an equation with a number:

a2 + b2 = c2. (3)

The equation has the number (3).


Advanced featuresGraphicsLoad the graphicx package and use the command\includegraphics[<optional arguments>]{<image>} to insert graphics inLATEX.

Insert an image\documentclass{article}\usepackage{graphicx}\begin{document}\includegraphics{billede}\end{document}

Supported graphics formats

pdfLATEX pdf, png & jpgdvips eps

dvipdfm eps, pdf, png & jpg

Optional arguments

• width=<width>• height=<height>• scale=<scaling factor>• angle=<angle>


Advanced featuresTablesTables are made with the tabular environment.Table\begin{tabular}{|l|c|r|}\hlineLeft & Center & Right \\ \hline1 & 2 & 3 \\ \hline\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Long text} \\ \hline\end{tabular}

OutputLeft Center Right1 2 3

Long text

l leftc centerr right| vertical line


Advanced featuresFigures

A figure\begin{figure}[tb]\centering\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{image}\caption[<Text for the list of figures>]{<caption text>}\label{fig:figure1}\end{figure}

t the top of the page.

b the bottom of the page.

p on a page containing only floats.

h here if possible.

! try harder – even if it ruins the layout.


Advanced featuresTables

A table\begin{table}[tb]\centering\begin{tabular}{lcr}...\end{tabular}\caption[<Text for the list of tables>]{<cpation text>}\label{tab:table1}\end{table}

Print the list of figures with the command \listoffigures.Print the list of tables with the command \listoftables.


ExercisesSolve exercises 6 to 10







Advanced featuresBibTEX

BibTEX is used to generate the bibliography.

@book{companion,author = {Michel Goossens and Frank Mittelbach},title = {The \LaTeX\ Companion},publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Company},year = {2004},edition = {2}}

You can refer to the book using the command \cite[p. 56]{companion}.

Michel Goossens and Frank Mittelbach.The LATEX Companion.Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 2 edition, 2004.


Final remarksErrors when typesetting

Why are there errors?

• LATEX cannot guess what you want!

• Often when you forget to end ‘something’— like an environment (begin...end).

How do you find and correct the errors?

• Read the error messages in the log file!

• In TEXmaker click on the ‘View log’ to show the log.

Compile the document often and correct the errors when they occur.Always correct the first error first, latter errors can be caused by the firstone.


Final remarksHelp and support

If you want to learn more about LATEX then you can start by:• visiting out webpage www.latex.dtu.dk

• Read "The not so short introduction to LATEX"

• just start writing LATEX documents

Please don’t hesitate in writing to our email [email protected].

Question and Answer at:http://tex.stackexchange.com.


www.latex.dtu.dk

mailto:[email protected]

http://tex.stackexchange.com

Final remarksOther sources of help

• With the terminal/command prompt command texdoc you can find thedocumentation for most packages.

• Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN) http://ctan.org/.

• The not so short guide to LATEXhttp://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/

• Lars Madsens Danish LATEX-bookhttp://www.imf.au.dk/system/latex/bog/.

• The LATEX Companion 2ed [Mittelbach and Goossens]

• News groups (groups.google.com)• dk.edb.tekst (danish)• comp.text.tex


http://ctan.org/

http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/

http://www.imf.au.dk/system/latex/bog/

ExercisesSolve exercise 11







Remus, Kasper, and IoanaLATEX Support Group, Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

Building 303, Room 43 [email protected] Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark http://www.latex.dtu.dk

LaTeX Intro Course

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