Latest Trends in US Libraries and OCLC in the Digital Environment
Transcript of Latest Trends in US Libraries and OCLC in the Digital Environment
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Latest Trends in USLibraries and OCLC in theDigital Environment
James Michalko
Vice President, OCLC Research
National Diet Library, Kansai-kan
8 October 2010
with thanks to Lorcan Dempsey, Brian Lavoie, David Lewis, Constance Malpasand Karen Smith-Yoshimura for their contributions
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Problem Statement
As academic libraries change the way they manageprint collections
Sending books to storage
Discarding duplicated physical books and journals
Licensing e-journals and e-books
Responsibility for the scholarly record and culturalheritage will be changed and redistributed amongnational and academic libraries
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Overview
The changing place of the US Library within University
Collection trends (within US research libraries)
Mass Digitization and the switch to e-books
Implications for libraries, national libraries and
OCLC
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Simplistic
Content
Disclaimer
Time is short, language is a barrierAll examples are U.S.A perspective
This presentation
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a Diversion
Some analysis of Japan and OCLC WorldCat
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OCLC and NDL collaboration
NDL has agreed to:
Load its JapanMARC records into WorldCat
This is just beginning
Contribute its authority files to the VirtualInternational Authority (VIAF) file
This links authority files from national libraries and otheragencies and makes them available on the web.
NDL data is not yet loaded
These statistics will change when the NDL contributionshave been integrated.
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Japanese Book Publication
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Japan in WorldCat
Statistics current as of July 2010
Materials published in Japan:
As of July 2008: 2,660,638
As of July 2010: 3,185,301 (+20 percent)
Total Japanese holdings:
6,322,711
Original WorldCat records contributed byJapanese institutions:
1,099,346
Total holdings in WorldCat attached to
Japanese-contributed records:
2,160,027
Japanese-language materials:
As of July 2008: 2,539,948
As of July 2010: 2,985,134 (+18 percent)
4.3 million
1.3 million
4.1 million
1.4 million
Japanese Collective Collection in WorldCat
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Overview
Disclaimer
my perspective is research and academic
libraries
Based on USA the forecast in Japan may bevery different
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Overview
The changing place of the Library within University
Collection trends (within US research libraries)
Mass Digitization and the switch to e-books
Implications for academic libraries, national libraries
and OCLC
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Place of the Library in University
Why do Universities have libraries?
It was more economical to have a physical collection than to send researchers orstudents to the information.
It was useful to locate all the needed information resources for research andlearning physically close to the work.
Local collections were assets and contributed competitively to scholarly output
Consider the town squarein the United States
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The network changes everything
The network has reconfigured whole industries
Travel, News, Book Retailing
The network is now the first option for researchersand learners
Impact on the university library
changed the value of physical book collections and libraryspace
changed the relevance of the library assets and services to theUniversitys outputs
We do not yet know what it will mean toreconfigure the library within the University
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collection trends
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An unsustainablepattern of growth
Source: Expenditure Trends in ARLLibraries, 19862007ARL Statistics20062007, Association of ResearchLibraries, Washington, DC
ARL Expenditures, 1986-2007
Less investment in libraries
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. %rend continues library allocations would fall below 0 5 by, fit sector concerns about infrastructure costs in the middle and budget
.the research sector all support this trend
:Analysis based on NCES data Constance Malpas
Less investment in libraries
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Source: Service Trends in ARLLibraries, 19912007 ARL Statistics20062007, Association of ResearchLibraries, Washington, DC
While student enrollment
has increased(+25%) . . .
In the last 15 years . . .
use of onsite library
collections/services hasdecreased (-10 to -50%). . .
and reliance on external
collections has more thandoubled (+150%)
Students and researchers relianceon library has changed
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What Do We Know About Print Book Use
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12.9%
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switch to e-books
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Move from Print to Electronic Collections
2010 David W. Lewis.
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Move from Print to Electronic Collections
2010 David W. Lewis
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and the switch to primarily e-bookpurchasing will happen soon
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Forecasts Digital Availability of e-books- the publishers expect this switch
*Current
:Trade
/ :Acad Prof
:Text books
/ :H S
#Ten Years*Five YearsFront Back
Segment
%25
%10
%20%1
%85
%75
%90%20
%100
%100
%100%50
%50
%30
%10%5
:Memo* ,Assumes top tier publishers 1 000 active publishers# .Assumes any active publisher selling on Amazon com
OCLC work commissioned from Michael Cairns.
Based on interviews with selection of industry experts.
:College
f h h bl
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Status of the switch to e-publications
Complete for e-journals
Will be primarily electronic for books soon
Combine with
Mass digitization of legacy print collections Google in USA digitizing everything regardless of copyright
status
Google participating libraries creating a joint platform to
store, preserve and ultimately access their copies of theGoogle digital versions. The platform is run by theUniversity of Michigan and called the Hathi Trust
. .ww hathitrust org
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Hathi Trust - current members
California Digital Library Indiana University Michigan State University Northwestern University The Ohio State University
Penn State University Purdue University UC Berkeley UC Davis UC Irvine
UCLA UC Merced UC Riverside
MOST OF THE US GOOGLE BOOK PARTNERS
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Moving from Print to Electronic Books
IF
E-book publishing will be the norm and
Legacy print will be digitized (Google, Hathi, theDigitizing Academic Books in Japanese project)
THEN
We can change the management of our existingprint collections
We can retire our legacy print collections
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Retire Legacy Print Collections
Under way at manyinstitutions
Discussions in process oncollaborations and nationalprograms
2010 David W. Lewis.
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Retiring Legacy Print Collections- digital is much cheaper than the library or a storage facility
. .5 00 to $13 10.28 77
. .50 98 to $68 43
% . . , Life cycle cost based on 3 discount rate From Paul N Courant and Matthew Buzzy Nielsen On the Cost,of Keeping a Book in :The Idea of Order Transforming Research Collections for 21st Century Scholarship,
, , :CLIR June 2010 available at :// . . / / / .http www clir org pubs abstract pub147abst html
http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub147abst.htmlhttp://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub147abst.htmlhttp://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub147abst.html -
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implications
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US Investment in Academic Print Collections
ca emc rary xpen ures
on Purchased and Licensed Conte
0%
10%20%30%40%50%60%
70%80%90%
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2014
2020
Print books and journalE-journals and e-books
Projected chang
: , , , -Source US Dept of Education NCES Academic Libraries Survey 1998 2008
ou arehere
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A global change in the library environment
June 2010: %Median duplication 31
June 2009
: %Median duplication 19
mic print book collection already substantially duplicated in mass digitize
Data current as of June 20
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Result of E-books plus stored print
With the exception of a small number of large research libraries,
retrospective print collections will be managed as a shared resource and
physically consolidated in large regional stores
Library materials spending in the academic sector will be
80+% directed toward licensed electronic content
distributed by a small number of large aggregators
Strong downward pressure on costs will
push towards library consolidation,
more resource sharing,
move to outsourced services.
IF
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IFmost academic libraries become license agencies and
provide local teaching and research support
What happens to the record ofscholarship? to culturalheritage?
Who collects it comprehensively?
Who takes responsibility for preservation?
The burden falls on research and national libraries
The Scholarly Record includes
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The Scholarly Record includes
Legacy print
Digitized printLicensed (e-books + e-journals)
New scholarly outputs
Primary sources
Data
Archives and Special Collections
Communications
From Lorcan Dempsey March 2010
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For-ProfitNon-Profit
Paid Access
Free Access
/of Provision for Scholarly Communication Journals
Author PagesSocial Networks( . ., )e g Nature Network
Open Access( . ., )e g BioMed Central
trad Publishing
( . ., )Open Access e g PLoS.ArXiv org.RePEc orgPubMed Central
NARCIS
ICPSRAmerican Economic Review
JSTOR
Often enhanced with new forms of value adde.g., bundling articles with data; semantic enric
Mostly experimental at this pointgrowing segment, aided by public policy support
ition of coexistence with commercial publishing
From Lorcan Dempsey March 2010
From Lorcan Dempsey March 2010
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For-ProfitNon-Profit
Paid Access
Free Access
/of Provision for Scholarly Communication Journals
Author PagesSocial Networks( . ., )e g Nature Network
Open Access( . ., )e g BioMed Central
trad Publishing
( . ., )Open Access e g PLoS.ArXiv org.RePEc orgPubMed Central
NARCIS
ICPSRAmerican Economic Review
JSTOR
Often enhanced with new forms of value adde.g., bundling articles with data; semantic enric
Mostly experimental at this pointgrowing segment, aided by public policy support
ition of coexistence with commercial publishing
esearch institutions:significant funder?
Research institutions:major constituency?
Research institutions:75% of academic revenue?
y
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Stewardship From Lorcan Dempsey March 2010
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COLLECTIONS GRID
high low
low
hi
gh
All institutions: shift to licensedAll institutions: manage transition from print?Licensed channel providers: consumer, education, scholarly, ..
All institutions:How much investment?
Research institutions:managing institutional assets
Research institutions:new scholarly outputs
All institutions: learning material
Conclusion #1
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Conclusion #1
The switch to e-publications and digital delivery will
reconfigure the academic libraryThe academic library will use its resources to
become the most efficient unit that adds local value
By moving beyond its past and its tradition as aphysical storehouse of texts the library will
become a bundle of services that adds value to theUniversitys output scholarship and research
Conclusion #2
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Conclusion #2
This reconfiguation will require national libraries and agencies to
Collaborate explicitly with academic libraries Redefine their mission
Adjust their focus and investments
Become part of a new reconfigured national system
Take a key role in a this new system
Result managed collection and preservation of thenations scholarly record and its cultural heritage
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THANK YOU
comments, questions and observations are verywelcome via email
with thanks to Lorcan Dempsey, Brian Lavoie, David Lewis, Constance
Malpas and Karen Smith-Yoshimura for their contributions
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected] -
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