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László Szirmay-Kalos
Budapesti University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Control Engineering and Information Technology
andGraphisoft R&D
Photorealistic Image Synthesisin CAD Systems
(IKTA3 00101/2000)
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 2
The Project• A research project between BUTE and Graphisoft• Research topic: global illumination in architectural CAD
systems• January 2001 – April 2002• Homepage: www.iit.bme.hu/~szirmay/ikta/index.html• Participants:
– Project leader: dr. László Szirmay-Kalos (BUTE)– Advisors: dr. László Szirmay-Kalos (BUTE) and László
Sparing (Graphisoft)– PhD students: György Antal, Ferenc Csonka (Graphisoft),
László Kovács (BUTE), Benedek Balazs (BUTE), Szécsi László (BUTE)
– Others: dr. Horváth Tamás (BUTE), Csaba Kelemen• The main results: scientific research and a new framework
called RenderX for testing and implementing global illumination algorithms
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 3
Graphisoft and ArchiCAD• Graphisoft was promoted in 1982• It is the third software company in the
AEC sector (Architecture, Engineering and Construction)
• The leading product of Graphisoft is the ArchiCAD, which is an object oriented, 3D design software for the architecture and building industry
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 4
Outlines
• Objective of the project
• Photorealistics image synthesis fundamentals
• The result of the project
• Products and applications
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 5
Goal of the project
• Global illumination image synthesis– Must be physically accurate– Solving the rendering equation– Identify all potential light paths– Conventional methods took hours to render
• Interactive naviagation and animation– must produce new images in seconds
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 6
The aim of image synthesis
• In the virtual world, a virtual camera makes the photo of the scene.
The camera looks into the world through a window
The camera sees the scene like this
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 7
The rendering equation
L= Le+ T L
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 8
How does the Nature work?• 100 W light bulb emits 1042 photon per second
• The calculation of the intersected patches, that the photons hit is determined parallel with the speed of light
• The photons are absorbed randomly or reflected into a random direction
• Very little fraction of the emitted photons arrive finally to the eye
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 9
Local Illumination
Top: sharp (left) and soft (right) shadows on local illumination imagesDown: the global illumination image
(H. W. Jensen, 1996)
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 10
Global Illumination
• Identify all the possible light paths via multiple reflections, from the light source to the eye
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 11
Global Illumination• Follow the light paths from the camera to the eye
with another method
(Szirmay-Kalos László, 2000)
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 12
Results• Publications in 2001:
– László Szirmay-Kalos, Ferenc Csonka, György Antal: Global Illumination as a Combination of Continuous Random Walk and FiniteElement Based Iteration, Eurographics Conference, 2001
– Csaba Kelemen, László Szirmay-Kalos: A Microfacet Based Coupled Specular-Matte BRDF Model with Importance Sampling,Eurographics Conference, 2001
– Csaba Kelemen, László Szirmay-Kalos: Simple and Robust Mutation Strategy for Metropolis Light Transport Algorithm, Dagstuhl Seminar on Monte-Carlo Methods in Rendering, 2001
– György Antal, László Szirmay-Kalos, Ferenc Csonka, Csaba Kelemen: Multiple Strategy Stochastic Iteration for Architectural Walkthroughs, Dagstuhl Seminar on Monte-Carlo Methods in Rendering, 2001
– Ferenc Csonka, László Szirmay-Kalos György Antal: Cost-Driven Multiple Importance Sampling for Monte-Carlo Rendering, MCM Conference, Salzburg, 2001
– György Antal, László Szirmay-Kalos, Ferenc Csonka, Csaba Kelemen: Multiple Strategy Stochastic Iteration for Architectural Walkthroughs, Technical Report, TR-186-2-01-17, Vienna, 2001
– Csaba Kelemen, László Szirmay-Kalos: Simple and Robust Mutation Strategy for Metropolis Light Transport Algorithm, Technical Report, TR-186-2-01-18, Vienna, 2001
– Ferenc Csonka, László Szirmay-Kalos György Antal: Cost-Driven Multiple Importance Sampling for Monte-Carlo Rendering, MCM Conference, Technical Report, TR-186-2-01-19, Vienna, 2001
– László Szirmay-Kalos, László Kovács, Ali Mohamed Abbas: Testing Global Illumination Methods with Analytically Computable Scenes Winter School of Computer Graphics Conf., 2001
– Roel Martínez, László Szirmay-Kalos, Mateu Sbert, Ali Mohamed Abbas: Parallel Implementation of Stochastic Iteration Algorithms, Winter School of Computer Graphics Conf., 2001
– László Szirmay-Kalos, György Antal, Mateu Sbert: Progressive Light Path Development, Winter School of Computer Graphics Conf., 2001
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 13
Results• Publications in 2002:
– György Antal, László Szirmay-Kalos, Ferenc Csonka: Weighted Multipass Method Based on Stochastic Iteration and Random Walk Methods, Winter School Of Computer Graphics Conference, 2002
– Csaba Kelemen, László Szirmay-Kalos, György Antal, Ferenc Csonka: Simple and Robust Mutation Strategy for Metropolis Light Transport Algorithm, Eurographics Conference, 2002
– György Antal, László Szirmay-Kalos, Ferenc Csonka: Hemicube Shooting for Non-Diffuse Global Illumination, Spring Conference on Computer Graphics, 2002
– László Szirmay-Kalos, Vlastimil Havran, Balázs Benedek, László Szécsi: On the Efficiency of Ray-shooting Acceleration Schemes, Spring Conference on Computer Graphics, 2002
• Submitted papers:– György Antal, László Szirmay-Kalos, Ferenc Csonka, Csaba Kelemen: Multiple Strategy Stochastic Iteration for
Architectural Walkthroughs– Ferenc Csonka, László Szirmay-Kalos, György Antal: Cost-Driven Multiple Importance Sampling for Monte-Carlo
Rendering– Ferenc Csonka, László Szirmay-Kalos, Csaba Kelemen, György Antal: Dependent Tests driven Filtering in Monte-Carlo
Global Illumination– György Antal, Ferenc Csonka: An Efficient And Robust Framework for Global Illumination Algorithms, 1st Hungarian
Conference on Computer Graphics, 2002– Ferenc Csonka, György Antal: A Multi-Phase Energy Preserving Filtering Method for Architectural Scenes, 1st Hungarian
Conference on Computer Graphics, 2002
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 14
Applications• The CAD programs connect to the global illumination application via 3D File
formats: SCE, 3DS, VRML, MGF.
RayBundle
RenderX
SCE
3DS, VRML,MGF,...
SceWriterArchiCAD
3D Studio
Maya
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 15
RenderX
SCE3DSVRMLMGF
WireframeLocal IlluminationRay-TracingRay Bundles (Gouraud)Ray Bundles (Phong)Path TracingBidirectional Path TracingMetropolis...
ScalingWardetc.
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 16
Stochastic Iteration Finite element methods
15 K patches5 seconds1220
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 17
Stochastic Iteration with Phong shading
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 18
Production qualityMonte-Carlo methods
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Photorealistic Image Synthesis in CAD systems 19
Walkthrough Animation• Place camera
keyframes in ArchiCAD,
• save scene, • calculate global
illumination animation in RenderX