Laser-driven X-ray sources: realization and future trends · Laser-driven X-ray sources:...
Transcript of Laser-driven X-ray sources: realization and future trends · Laser-driven X-ray sources:...
Laser-driven X-ray sources: realization and future trends
Patrick Audebert, Julien Gautier, Fabien Quéré, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Le Thi Thu Thuy, Philippe Martin, Hamed Merdji, Pascal Monot,
Eduardo Oliva, David Ros, Antoine Rousse, Stéphane Sebban, Kim Ta Phuoc, Sophia Chen and Philippe Zeitoun
ELI-NP Experimental program workshop, Bucharest 2012
Panorama of available laser-driven X-ray sources
101 102 103 104 105 106 E (eV)
102 101 100 1 Å 10-2 l (nm) 10-1
FERMI, FLASH LCLS, SACLA
ELI-NP Experimental program workshop, Bucharest 2012
Why X-ray sources for ELI-Nuclear Physics?
The idea of generating x ray lasers dates back to the 1970s, when scientists
realized that laser beams amplified with ions would have much higher energies than
beams amplified using gases.
Nuclear explosions were considered as a power supply for these high-energy
lasers. This became a reality at the time of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) of the
1980s, when x ray laser beams initiated by nuclear explosives possibly surrounded by
rods of titanium, palladium or tantalum were generated underground at the Nevada Test
Site. At the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) the Novette laser,
precursor of the Nova laser, was used for the first laboratory demonstration of an x ray
laser in 1984.
A nuclear isomer is a long lived excited state of the nucleus. Its decay to the
nuclear ground state is inhibited. An isomer thus can store a large amount of energy.
Nuclear isomers with a long half life and a high energy release such as 72Hf178m
offer the
possibility to be standalone energy sources. If that energy can be controllably released
rather than gradually over time, a nuclear battery can be built. If it is instantaneously
released, it could be used as a rocket propellant or an explosive. The idea of generating
gamma ray lasers dates back to the late 1990s.
Gamma rays amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation from nuclear
isomers may become a reality as “gasers.” Lasers is an acronym standing for: light
amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation. Whereas light as electromagnetic
radiation normally involves photons with energies in the electron volts (eV) energy
range, gamma rays with a higher frequency and a shorter wave length would carry
energies in the Million electron volts (MeV) range.
ELI-NP Experimental program workshop, Bucharest 2012
The French teams at a glance
IRAMIS
LOA
LPGP
CILEX is situated in the scientific environment of :
1) French research projects: • ANR I-nano-X • ANR FEMTO-X-MAG • ANR COKKER and ROLEX • ANR ASOURIX 2) French pre-industrial projects • ASTRE 2011 3) European projects • SFINX and INREX « Joint Research Activities » in LASERLAB2 and 3
ISMO
LASERIX
LOA
LULI
DAM
CELIA
ELI-NP Experimental program workshop, Bucharest 2012
Apollon 10P Laser
Short focal area
X-rays within CILEX/APOLLON project
X-rays may be either developed on short and long focal areas. Short focal area - allows performing
most proposed experiments,
- reduces the cost by sharing equipment
- and enables pump-probe experiments in radio-protected area.
ELI-NP Experimental program workshop, Bucharest 2012
The Betatron source
Main pulse
1 m
Plasma mirrors and beam diagnostics
Catwalk for chamber access
~ .5 mSwitch out for circular polarization
S. Fourmeau et al, NJP2010
ELI-NP Experimental program workshop, Bucharest 2012
20 TW laser
Rousse et al, 2005
100 TW laser
g-ray Compton scattering
Ma
in S
ho
rt p
uls
e b
ea
m
2nd short pulse beam
(a) (b)
(c)Main pulse
1 m
Plasma mirrors and beam diagnostics
Catwalk for chamber access
~ .5 mSwitch out for circular polarization
ELI-NP Experimental program workshop, Bucharest 2012
High harmonics on solid
Main pulse
1 m
Plasma mirrors and beam diagnostics
Catwalk for chamber access
~ .5 mSwitch out for circular polarization
IR pulse
Attoseconde emission
detector
Rel
ativ
e C
EP
Borot et al, Nat. Phys. 2012
H16 H40
F. Quéré et al, to be published
ELI-NP Experimental program workshop, Bucharest 2012
Single attosecond pulse with high harmonics on solid
Rotating wave front
Tilted wave front
Spatially separated attosecond pulses
Naumova et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004
l3 regime
10 as @1022 Wcm-2
ELI-NP Experimental program workshop, Bucharest 2012
High harmonics on gas + plasma based-soft X-ray laser
Plasma mirrors
and diagnostics
> 3 m
HHG : 5 µJ, 20 fs Seeded XRL: 30 µJ, 80 fs
ELI-NP Experimental program workshop, Bucharest 2012
T. Ditmire et al, PRA, 1995
Amplified seed
coherent
<1 µJ
ASE
incoherent
~ 5 mJ
Time-resolved laser emission @ 25.1 nm
ELI-NP Experimental program workshop, Bucharest 2012
X-ray Chirped Pulse Amplification
Pre-
High Gain (transient scheme)
Low Gain, High E (QSS)
HHG
IR LASER
10 J
100 J
1 mJ ~ 150 fs
2 mJ ~ 200 ps
Gamma-rays
ELI-NP Experimental program workshop, Bucharest 2012
O. Oliva et al, to be published Nat Phot.
• g-X ray spectroscopy • pump-probe experiments • g excitation/x-ray imaging
Pushing gamma-rays to higher energies
108 to 1011( highly monochromatic, fully coherent soft x-ray photons/pulse
Femto-magnetism
T. Wang et al, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2012
Biological femto-imaging
Mancuso et al, New Jour. Phys, 12, 035003 (2010)
10µJ (1 shot) 1,500 shots10 µJ
~ 15mJ
105 shots 0.1mJ
Requirement for nano-imaging (static or dynamic)
B. Vodungo et al, EPL 2011 , B. Vodungbo et al, Nature Comm.2012
IR laser