Laser

DR. KRIS REDDY, WEST PALM BEACH PLASTIC SURGEON, UTILIZES LASER RESURFACING TO ADDRESS: *WRINKLES*EPIDERMAL NEVI*ACNE SCARS*SOLAR LENTIGINES*ACTINIC KERATOSIS*HYPERTROPHIC SCARS*SURGICAL SCARS

Laser Resurfacing

DR. KRIS REDDY HAS THREE LASER RESURFACING TECHNIQUES: *ERBIUM LASER RESURFACING*PROFRACTIONAL (FRACTIONAL ABLATIVE SKIN RESURFACING)*FRAXEL

Three Laser Resurfacing Techniques

MOST POPULAR AREAS FOR LASER RESURFACING TO TREAT: *FACE*NECK*CHEST*HANDS

Laser Resurfacing

PROFRACTIONAL (FRACTIONAL ABLATIVE SKIN RESURFACING) IS A SINGLE TREATMENT PROCEDURE OFFERING THREE MODALITIES: SHORT PULSE FOR MORE ABLATION, LONG PULSE FOR ADJUSTABLE THERMAL DAMAGE, AND A DUAL PULSE FOR A COMBINATION OF BOTH.

Profractional Modalities

FRACTIONAL ABLATIVE SKIN RESURFACING ALLOWS CONTROL OF DEPTH AND THE LEVEL OF HEATING AROUND THE MICROBEAM COLUMNS. WITH A SINGLE TREATMENT, DR. KRIS REDDY, WEST PALM BEACH PLASTIC SURGEON, CAN PERFORM A TWO-DAY DOWNTIME PROCEDURE OR A DEEPER TREATMENT.THE PROCEDURE IS EFFICIENT AT REMOVING DAMAGED SKIN. UNIQUE MICRO-FRACTIONAL TECHNOLOGY PRESERVES PORTIONS OF HEALTHY TISSUE SURROUNDING THE TREATMENT ZONE, FOSTERING TISSUE REGROWTH AND LOWER PATIENT DOWNTIME, WITH SIGNIFICANTLY LESS PAIN THAN TRADITIONAL ABLATIVE LASER PROCEDURES.

Profractional: How does it Work

AREAS FOR PROFRACTIONAL TO TREAT: *TEXTURE AND TONE OF THE SKIN*ACNE SCARS*FACIAL LINES*SUN DAMAGED SKIN (E.G. BROWN SPOTS)

Profractional and Fraxel: Conditions Treated

PROFRACTIONAL LASER IS A DEEPER LASER (ALTHOUGH NOT AS AGGRESSIVE AS ERBIUM LASER RESURFACING) AND YOU WILL HAVE SOME DOWNTIME FOR APPROXIMATELY 2-3 DAYS WHILE YOU HEAL. PROFRACTIONAL LASER PROVIDES SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT AFTER ONE TREATMENT. HOWEVER, IT MAY NEED TO BE REPEATED TO ADDRESS DEEPER ACNE SCARS OR WRINKLES.

Profractional: Treatment Regimen

FRAXEL LASER USUALLY DERIVES ITS BENEFITS OVER THE COURSE OF 5 TO 6 TREATMENTS SPACED ONE MONTH APART. IT IS A MORE SUPERFICIAL LASER THAN PROFRACTIONAL, AND GENERALLY CREATES REDNESS SIMILAR TO A BAD SUNBURN AFTER EACH TREATMENT. THIS REDNESS SUBSIDES OVER 1 WEEK, BUT DOES NOT REQUIRE DOWNTIME.

Fraxel: Treatment Regimen

WHAT IS A LASER?

A Laser is a device that produces a narrow beam of coherent light. The word laser comes from a phrase that describes how it works: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Light amplification means that the light is strengthened. Stimulated emission means that the atoms emit light when exposed to electromagnetic radiation.

Laser can be used for hair not to grow

HOW CAN LASER LIGHT BE USED

HOW DOES A LASER PRODUCE LASER LIGHT?

•A helium-neon laser is shown at the bottom of the slide. •The laser tube contains a mixture of helium and neon gases. •An electric current causes this gas mixture to emit photons. •You may recall that a photon is a packet of light energy. •The mirrors at both ends of the tube reflect the photons back and forth.• As a photon travels back and forth, it may bump into a neon particle. This causes the neon particle to emit a photon with the same energy as the one that caused the collision. •Then the two photons travel together in step with one another. •This process continues until there is a stream of in-step photons traveling up and down the tube. •Some of the light “leaks” through the partially reflecting mirror. •This light is the laser beam.

HOW IS LASER LIGHT DIFFERENT AND STRONGER THAN REGULAR WHITE LIGHT?

Laser light is almost monochromatic. Because it is created by exciting a specific substance to emit photons, the light emitted by the source is almost all one specific wavelength. The light from a flashlight contains all of the colors in the spectrum, forming "white light".

Laser light is very coherent. This means that the waves leaving the laser remain in phase for a very long time. Light from a flashlight is not coherent. As a result, a laser can project a distinct beam of light much farther than a flashlight.

Laser light is directional. This means that the beam of light being emitted does not spread much with distance. Hence it can still appear as a point of light many meters away from the source. A flashlight beam will quickly spread the further it is viewed from the source.

IS LASER LIGHT DANGEROUS•A laser is "concentrated light" in that its light of pretty much one frequency and focused in a tight beam. •And if this light is directed into someone's eyes, damage to the retina can result. •In higher power lasers, we find applications where they can inscribe diamonds or cut all kinds of things, including metal.• If a laser beam can cut through a thick metal plate, it can cut through flesh with ease. •A laser this powerful could take off a limb. •Directed at the eye, it would destroy the eye in an instant. •Spaces where lasers are being used require that warning signs be posted and that individuals working there wear appropriate eye protection.•Divergence from safety procedures can result in serious injury.

HOW CAN WE PROTECT OUR EYES FROM LASER LIGHT?

•wearing laser safety glasses or goggles can protect the eyes from the risks that lasers pose. •These laser safety glasses and goggles provide protection from reflected laser light and direct beam exposure. •It is recommended that you find out the class of the laser you are working with as well as the appropriate wavelength range to ensure the best possible protection.•We can’t emphasize enough how important it is to protect your eyes and yourself from the harmful effects of laser radiation. •Remember, the damage done to the eyes from laser radiation exposure can be permanent!

(B).LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE

- Kutsch in 1992,illuminated carious & non carious tissue with argon laser along with dark field photography.

- He reported that while illuminating, carious lesion has clinical appearance of dark,fiery,orange- red colour.

CARIES DETECTION

CAVITY PREPARATION WITH LASER

- NUMBER OF STUDIES HAVE BEEN PERFORMED FOR THE USE OF Er:yag LASER FOR CAVITY PREPARATION.

- Results of studies says that little or no noticeable pulp reaction is produced while preparing the cavity with Er:yag laser.

- It is safe & can be used for cavity preparation.

CAVITY PREPARATIONWITH LASERS

Effect on carious lesions

Thermal energy absorption by tissues

Water vapourisation & ablation

Carious lesions have more water content & hence greater effect.

ADDITIONAL BENEFITS

A.)minimises patient fear of the drill. B.)no irritating sound like traditional

drills. C.)the cavity with laser preparation

appears open,patent,fresh & devoid of all debris.

D.)mono-infection with Enterococcus faecalis is avoided - hence sterile cavity.

E.)melts the dentin & blocks the tubules,thus hydrodynamic theory of dentin sensitivity is ruled out.

PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIES WITH LASERS

Laser can be used for prevention of dental caries.

Different types of lasers increases the resistance to dental caries by reducing the rate of demineralization of substance of enamel & dentin.

Argon laser alters the surface characteristics of enamel to make it caries resistant.

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MECHANISM OF ACTION Carbonate is lost from carbonated appetite mineral of

tooth during laser irradiation

Pulsed co2 laser irradiation interacts with the phosphate group in dental materials

It gets preferentially absorbed & transformedefficiently to heat

Carbonated hydroxyapetite in the surface & in the immediate subsurface of enamel is heated at temp.greater than 400`c

Carbonate is decomposed, leaving behind the a hydroxyapetite like mineral that is less soluble

BLEACHING WITH LASERS

- Power bleaching is the term used for accelerated in-office tooth whitening procedures, using laser or Xenon plasma arc-curing light.

(A). ARGON LASER

- A true laser light is delivered to chemical agent.

- The action is to stimulate crystals in the chemical.

- No thermal effect, so less dehydration of enamel.

- The treatment time is 10sec. per application per tooth. It is the advantageous for clinician & patient.

(B). DIODE LASER

- A true laser light produced from a solid state source.

- It is ultra fast, taking 3 to 5 sec. to activate bleaching agent.

- This type of lasers produce no heat.

PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION OF COMPOSITE RESIN WITH LASER

- ARGON LASERS ARE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE.

- FOR POLYMERIZATION OF CAMPHORQUINONE ACTIVATED COMPOSITE RESIN,THE ARGON LASER INCREASES; ~ THE DEPTH OF CURE ~ THE DIAMETRIC TENSILE STRENGTH ~ ADHESIVE BOND STRENGTH ~ DEGREE OF POLYMERIZATION OF MATERIELS.

REDUCES; ~ Acid solubility of surrounding enamel Decreases the time of activation Significantly.

ADVANTAGES OF LASERS

(1).Minimal damage to surrounding tissues.

(2).Haemostatic effect by sealing blood vessels.

(3).Reduction of postoperative inflammation & edema.

(4).Little postoperative scarring.

(5).Reduction in postoperative pain sensation since nerve endings are blocked.

(6).Dressing & suturing is not required for wound closer.

(7).Operating time is reduced.

(8).Sterilization of wound due to reduction in in amount of microorg. exposed to laser irradiation.

(10).Excellent wound healing.

(11).Laser exposure to tooth enamel causes reduction in caries activity.

(12).Patient becomes free of fear & anxiety.

(13).Advantageous for medically compromised patients,since no medication is required like antibiotics or pain-killers.

DISADVANTAGES OF LASERS

(1).Laser beam could injure the patient or operator By direct beam or reflected light, causing retinal burns.

(2).It available only at big hospital & treatment is

very expensive.

(3).Specially trained person is needed.

APPLICATION OF LASER Many scientific, military, medical and commercial laser applications have been developed since the invention of the laser in 1958. The coherency, high monochromaticity, and ability to reach extremely high powers are all properties which allow for these specialized applications.

SCIENTIFIC In science, lasers are used in

many ways, including: A wide variety of interferometric

 techniques Raman spectroscopy Laser induced breakdown spectr

oscopy Atmospheric remote sensing Investigating nonlinear optics

 phenomena

Holographic techniques employing lasers also contribute to a number of measurement techniques.

Laser based LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) technology has application in geology, seismology, remote sensing and atmospheric physics.

Lasers have been used aboard spacecraft such as in the Cassini-Huygens mission.

In astronomy, lasers have been used to create artificial laser guide stars, used as reference objects for adaptive optics telescopes.

Lasers may also be indirectly used in spectroscopy as a micro-sampling system, a technique termed Laser ablation (LA), which is typically applied to ICP-MS apparatus resulting in the powerful LA-ICP-MS.

The principles of laser spectroscopy are discussed by Demtröder and the use of tunable lasers in spectroscopy are described in Tunable Laser Applications.

 ).

DOPPLER EFFECT

Definition:- There is an apparent change in frequency of the sound waves emitted from the source, when there is a relative motion between the source and the observer. This effect is called Doppler effect and the shift in frequency is called as doppler shift.

DOPPLER SHIFT

RED SHIFT BLUE SHIFT

GRAVITATIONAL COSMOLOGICAL

LASER COOLING The use of Lasers to

achieve extremely low temperatures has advanced to the temperatures of 10e-9 K.

These laser cooling can be used for transmitting power without any loss from power station to sub station without the help of power transformers.

COMMUNICATION AT PRESENT

The speed of the communication is high,

But still the communication with the outer world is still lagging.

IN FUTURE

Using LASER the communication to other galaxy is possible.

COMPUTING SPEEDS

At present the computing speed ranges from 256 kilobits per

second to 1 gigabit per second, which is slow for the present

world. The ability to achieve a speed of 25 gigabits

per second can be done with the use of laser chips.

Lasers are already used to transmit high volumes of computer data over longer distances — for example, between offices, cities and across oceans — using fibre-optic cables. In computer chips, data moves at great speed over the wires inside, then slows when it is sent chip-to-chip inside a computer.

MILITARY DEFENCE

1.Find TargetAn infrared camera on the laser continuously scans a 6 to 10-mile radius around the airport for suspicious heat emissions. When it finds a plume, it relays the coordinates to an identification and tracking system, which is also on the unit.

2.Confirm ThreatThe onboard computer checks the object’s heat signature against a data bank, confirms that it’s a missile (and not a bird or a plane), and activates the laser.

3.Prepare to FireReactive gases in the laser’s fuel tanks are funneled through a vacuum tube to heat up atoms and send them cascading through resonator mirrors. This produces a tightly focused, high-energy beam.

4.Destroy MissileThe laser-beam cannon emits a burst of intense light aimed at the missile’s most vulnerable spot, usually the explosives compartment. Simultaneously, it sends a signal to airport control tower to give authorities a fix on the origin of the rocket.

MILITARYMilitary uses of lasers include applications such as target designation and ranging, defensive countermeasures, communications and directed energy weapons.

METEOROIDS ATTACKS The concept which was

used for military defence can be used to destroy the meteoroids coming towards earth.

These incoming meteoroids can be shattered into pieces, thus saving our earth from any major destruction.

A group of strong laser beams are focused together to the target and the target is shattered off.

LASER IN AUTOMOBILES

We are proposing our own idea for the use of laser light in automobiles. All automobiles have ball bearings in there wheels, these bearings wear off while use and this may cause accidents. To prevent these accidents we use a laser beam to detect the position of the shaft in the wheels, on one end there will be a laser and the other end a sensor is kept, when the ball bearing malfunctions the shaft position is moved from the original position, now the sensor is activated. This sensed signal is sent to the user. Now the user should take necessary actions to prevent accidents due to a ball bearing.

MATERIAL PROCESSINGLaser cutting, laser welding, laser brazing, laser bending, laser engraving or marking, laser cleaning, weapons etc. When the material is exposed to laser it produces intense heat, thus the material is heated and melted.

LASER COOLING A technique that has recent success

is laser cooling. This involves atom trapping, a method where a number of atoms are confined in a specially shaped arrangement of electric and magnetic fields. Shining particular wavelengths of laser light at the ions or atoms slows them down, thus cooling them. As this process is continued, they all are slowed and have the same energy level, forming an unusual arrangement of matter known as a Bose-Einstein condensate.

MEDICAL Cosmetic surgery (removing tattoos,

scars, stretch marks, sunspots, wrinkles, birthmarks, and hairs): see laser hair removal. Laser types used indermatology include ruby (694 nm), alexandrite (755 nm), pulsed diode array (810 nm), Nd:YAG (1064 nm), Ho:YAG (2090 nm), and Er:YAG (2940 nm).

Eye surgery and refractive surgery

Soft tissue surgery: CO2, Er:YAG laser

Laser scalpel (General surgery, gynecological, urology, laparoscopic)

Photobiomodulation (i.e. laser therapy)

"No-Touch" removal of tumors, especially of the brain and spinal cord.

In dentistry for caries removal, endodontic/periodontic  procedures, tooth whitening, and oral surgery

CURIOSITY USING ITS ‘LASER DEVICE ‘ IN ITS

MISSION

OTHER APPLICATIONS Cutting and peening of metals and other

material, welding, marking, etc.

Laser drilling Guidance systems (e.g., ring laser gyroscopes) Rangefinder / surveying, LIDAR / pollution monitoring,

Laser cladding, a surface engineering process applied to mechanical components for reconditioning, repair work or hardfacing

Laser accelerometers

INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIALLevelling of ceramic tiles floor

with a laser device

LASERS USED FOR VISUAL EFFECTS DURING

A MUSICAL PERFORMANCE. (A LASER LIGHT SHOW.)

Laser line levels are used in surveying and construction. Lasers are also used for guidance for aircraft.

Extensively in both consumer and industrial imaging equipment. In laser printers: gas and diode lasers play a key role in

manufacturing high resolution printing plates and in image scanning equipment.

Diode lasers are used as a lightswitch in industry, with a laser beam and a receiver which will switch on or off when the beam is interrupted, and because a laser can keep the light intensity over larger distances than a normal light, and is more precise than a normal light it can be used for product detection in automated production.

Laser alignment Additive manufacturing In consumer electronics, telecommunications, and 

data communications, lasers are used as the transmitters in optical communications over optical fiber and free space.

To store and retrieve data in optical discs Laser lighting displays (pictured) accompany many music

concerts.

Digital minilabsBarcode readersLaser engraving of printing plateLaser bonding of additive marking materials for decoration and identification,

LASER POINTERS:

Holography Bubblegrams Photolithography Optical communications (over 

optical fiber or in free space) Optical tweezers Writing subtitles onto motion picture 

films.[18]

Space elevator, a possible solution transfer energy to the climbers by laser or microwave power beaming

3D laser scanners for accurate 3D measurement.