Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science
-
Upload
innovationoecd -
Category
Data & Analytics
-
view
52 -
download
2
Transcript of Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science
![Page 1: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
UNRAVELING GENDER DISPARITIES IN SCIENCE: ANALYSIS OF CONTRIBUTORSHIP AND LABOR ROLESCassidy R. SugimotoVincent Larivière
OECD Blue Sky 2016September 19th, 2016
![Page 2: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
New forms of credit attribution
Authorship
Contributorship
Acknowledgements
![Page 3: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Authorship badges (biomed central)
http://news.sciencemag.org/scientific-community/2014/11/could-digital-badges-clarify-roles-co-authors
![Page 4: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Contributorship / guaranteeship (BMJ)
Contributors: W-HZ designed data collection tools, monitored data collection for the whole trial, wrote the statistical analysis plan, cleaned and analysed the data, and drafted and revised the paper. She is guarantor. CD-T implemented the trial in France, analysed the data, and drafted and revised the paper. PB analysed the data and drafted and revised the paper. EJ wrote the statistical analysis plan, monitored data collection for the whole trial, and revised the draft paper. MJ designed data collection tools,, monitored data collection for the whole trial, and revised the draft paper. SA initiated the collaborative project, designed data collection tools, implemented the trial for the all countries, monitored data collection for the whole trial, analysed the data, and drafted and revised the paper. All members of EUPHRATES designed the trial. Diogo Ayres-de-Campos, Istvan Berbik, Marie-Hélène Bouvier-Colle, Vicenç Cararach, Risto Erkkola, Mathias Klein, Walter Prendiville, Jos van Roosmalen, Babill Stray-Pedersen, and Carolyn Troeger implemented the trial in, respectively, Portugal, Hungary, France, Spain, Finland, Austria, Republic of Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, and Switzerland, and revised the draft paper. Gérard Bréart analysed the data and revised the draft paper. Alison Macfarlane and Clare Winter revised the draft paper.
![Page 5: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Research Questions
1. How are contributions associated with authors’ order?
2. What is the relationship between academic age and type of contribution?
3. How does contribution vary by gender?
![Page 6: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Source of data on contributorship• Public Library of Science (PLOS) papers (XML format)
• 8 peer-reviewed scientific journals: o PLOS Biology (2003) o PLOS Medicine (2004) o PLOS Genetics, PLOS Computational Biology, PLOS Pathogens (2005)o PLOS ONE (2006) o PLOS Clinical Trials (2006-2007).o PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2007).
N=127,911 papers
![Page 7: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Extracting contributionsThese contributions can take many forms:
Conceived and designed the experiments: TES SB RKT AP. Performed the experiments: TES SG JM JHK KS NC FH. Analyzed the data: TES RKT AP SAC SL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AP. Wrote the paper: TES RKT SB.
MS, CS, NC, CT, FGB, DR, NSF, MCP, HF, MPF, FB, PVA, PEC, SO, AG, FAS, PD, AM, MLA, and OS conceived, designed or performed the experiments. MS, CS, NC, CT, FGB, DR, NSF, KLR, MCP, HF, FB, PVA, PEC, SO, AG, IS, FAR, FAS, PD, AM, MLA, and OS analyzed the data or corrected the paper. BV, AZ, and AS contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. MS, MLA, and OS wrote the paper.
Conceived and designed the experiments: Ohad Yogev, Orli Yogev, Eitan Shaulian, Michal Goldberg, Thomas D. Fox, Ophry Pines. Performed the experiments: Ohad Yogev, Orli Yogev, Esti Singer, Thomas D. Fox. Analyzed the data: Ohad Yogev, Orli Yogev, Eitan Shaulian, Michal Goldberg, Thomas D. Fox, Ophry Pines. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: Michal Goldberg, Thomas D. Fox, Ophry Pines. Wrote the paper: Ohad Yogev, Michal Goldberg, Ophry Pines.
![Page 8: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Linking contributions to authors
Authorship
Contributorship
![Page 9: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Proportion of contributions, by discipline
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Social Sciences
Psychology
Professional Fields
Physics
Mathematics
Health
Engineering andTechnology
Earth and Space
Clinical Medicine
Chemistry
BiomedicalResearch
Biology
Percentage of contributions performed
First
Middle
Last
![Page 10: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Relationship with age
Contribution Mean age
Analyzed the data 10.5
Conceived and designed the experiments 13.2
Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools 12.7
Performed the experiments 6.8
Wrote the paper 12.6
![Page 11: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Changes in contribution, by age
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Perc
enta
ge o
f aut
hors
Career lenght (Time since first publication)
Analyzed the data
Conceived anddesigned theexperiments
Wrote the paper
Contributedreagents/materials/analysis tools
Performed theexperiments
![Page 12: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Change in distribution by # of authors
Difference between female and male contributions by # of authors on the paper
1 6 11 16
M
F
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1 6 11 16
Perc
enta
ge o
f aut
hors
Analysis
1 6 11 16
Design
1 6 11 16
Material
1 6 11 16
Write
1 6 11 16
Perform
![Page 13: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Change in contribution by career age
Difference in female to male contributorship by career age
![Page 14: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Odds of female contribution by type
![Page 15: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Limitations
Self-reported contributions
Hierarchical structure of science
Lack of large-scale data
![Page 16: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Next step: acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Michelle Dittrich, Roxanne Rousseau, Marilyn Lilley, and Maureen Sigurdson for coordinating and conducting the study. Anne DyBuncio is thanked for data analysis…
We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Sr Janet Watters and Donna Reeves in the interview, data collection and measurement bone mineral density…
We thank Xiulian Sun for statistical analysis and Yanfang Zhang for cell culture.
![Page 17: Lariviere - Unraveling gender disparities in science](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051709/5873c1fe1a28abbc788b69a5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
THANK YOU!CONTACT
CASSIDY R. SUGIMOTO [email protected]
WITH QUESTIONS
VINCENT LARIVIERE [email protected]