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Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

Victor KrabbendamLSST Project Manager

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The LSST Project continues to progress steadily in anticipation of a July 2014 formal

construction start• LSST is a multi-agency project

– NSF / DOE coordinated – MOU established– National Science Board: NSF Director can move LSST forward– DOE has assigned SLAC National Accelerator Center to build the Camera– LSST is now an independent AURA Center for construction– LSST Center and NOAO Center have MOU for specific cooperation

• Project is organized and preparing for July 2014 construction– New C.A for Design and Development FY13- FY15– Budget set: Requesting $466M NSF, $160M DOE, $36M Private– Schedule duration is 7 years 3 months from NSF construction start

LSST was ASTO 2010 highest ranked new ground based facility – We are preparing for a 2014 Start

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The need for a new survey telescope has been recognized for many years

• 1996-2000 “Dark Matter Telescope”Emphasized mapping dark matter in the universe

• 2000 - “LSST”Emphasizes a broad range of science from the same multi-wavelength survey data, including unique time domain exploration

• 2003 - LSST Corporation• 2011 – AURA LSST Center

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− Strong end user case− 245 contributors− 11 science collaborations− 598 pages− Living document (on lsst.org)− arXiv/0912.0201

http://www.lsst.org/lsst/scibook

The LSST Science Book describes the investigations possible from a single survey

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The LSST survey will address today’s compelling questions in astro-physics

• Probing dark matter and dark energy• Mapping the Milky Way• Finding Near earth asteroids and other transients• A single unprecedented survey:– 20 billion objects cataloged– 4 billion galaxies with redshifts– 6 filters covering 320 – 1050 nm – Time domain information x1000 (106 supernovas)– High precision, high uniformity, calibrated data

Finding Near Earth Asteroids

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LSST receives strong Astro2010 decadal survey endorsement

• LSST ranked as the highest priority large ground-based facility for the next decade.– Compelling Science case– Addresses many science goals (massively parallel astro-physics)

– Technical maturity– Risk and appraised costs are

ready for construction process– LSST is most “ready-to-go”

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Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)

2012

To build an observing facility, conduct 10-year survey, archive and serve images and developed data products

• Wide Fast Deep Optical Survey• 8.4 M Primary Aperture• 3.5 Degree Field Of View• 3.2 Billion Pixel Camera• ~40 Second Cadence

– Two 15 second exposures– Full sky coverage every few nights

• Data Served and Archived– Alerts of new events– Catalogs of objects

• Education and Public Outreach is included

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Primary Mirror Diameter

Gemini SouthTelescope

0.2 degrees

8 m

Field ofView

LSST 8.4 m

3.5 degrees

(Full moon is 0.5 degrees)

What makes the LSST a unique Telescope?

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Each sky patch will be visited >800 timesA survey of 20 billion objects in space and time

Wide Fast Deep coverage of the available sky

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LSST probes 100x fainter & enables the exploration of the time domain

ca. 1950 POSS(Photographic)

ca. 2000 SDSS(Digital)

ca. 2021 LSST(Digital + Time Domain)

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LSST Designed to be a Community Resource

Open data• No proprietary period for U.S. and Chilean astronomers• Funding model designed to serve these two communities

Open Source Software

New Model for Astronomy• Excites significant scientific enthusiasm• Agency Support• Public excitement

Huge opportunity for education and multi discipline interaction• STEM education and public interaction• Database technology and Data intensive science

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LSST has attracted a great deal of interest

• LSST Corporation has 36 institutional partners• Operations strategy now includes 66 international institutions• Over 400 scientists in 12 different Science collaborations• ~10 years of DOE and NSF design support• ~$40 in Private donations

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LSST is investing in significant survey and image simulation

Observing an LSST simulation Producing a simulated image

Pointing, Filter, Airmass, Time and Atmosphere from Op Sim

Custom instance of field of view

1010 photons per CCDSeparate amplifiers

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Site selection was an early trade that supports design and construction readiness

LSSTBase Facility

50 km paved highway

AURAproperty(Totoral)

0 10 20 km LSST SITE

CTIO

N

Coquimbo

Gemini & SOAR

Puclarodam & tunnel

La Serena airport

Vicuña

Pan-

Amer

ican

Hig

hway

port

Central Chile Location Map

La Serena

40km dirt road

Cerro Pachón chosen in 2006 after 2 year global evaluation by international committee.

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SOAR Gemini LSST rendering

Site choice supports design maturity, cost basis, risk and construction preparation

• Environmental and Use permits in place

• Chilean “10%” agreement completed

----2647 m

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LSST Corporation invested non-federal funds for early site leveling in 2011

• Stage 1 of summit leveling– ~4,000 kg of explosives– 12,500 m3 removed on main site

First production blast: March 8th 2011,60 kg of explosive dislodges ~320 m3 of rock

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LSST Corporation invested non-federal funds for early site leveling in 2011

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Optical design was another early trade study addressed as a complete system

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Primary and Tertiary Mirrors

Secondary Mirror

Camera Lenses

The LSST optical system is 3 mirrors and 3 lenses to form 3.5° field of view

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Mirror designs are advanced - Private funding enabled early start of both reflective optics

• Primary-Tertiary cast in 2008.• Fabrication underway at the Steward

Observatory Mirror Lab - completion in Summer 2013.

• Secondary substrate fabricated by Corning in 2009.

• Currently in storage waiting for construction.

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LSST is ready for secondary mirror optical fabrication vendor selection process

• Pre-solicitation announcement in FedBizOpps - 26 June 2012• Release Request for Proposal: August 2012

– Full bid for optical fabrication– Time and materials hardware integration/test– Optional effort to build mirror support hardware

• Phase A: Initial final design work and vendor specific risk reduction

• Phase B: Fabrication phase authorized only after MREFC start• Early identification of optical fabrication contractor allows FDR

preparation and cost basis

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M2 Proposal Evaluation Plans

• Project Evaluation = 4 weeks.• AURA Approval = 3 weeks.• NSF Approval = 4 weeks (Longer for Holidays in this schedule).• Final Negotiation and contract placement = 3 weeks.• 3 1/2 months to let a contract assumes no significant issues.• This M2 procurement is a pathfinder to validate our approach.

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• 3.2 Gigapixel science array – 63 cm diameter• Wavefront and guide sensors• 2 second readout• 5 filters in camera• Electronics

Filter

L1 Lens

Utility Trunk—houses support electronics and utilities

Cryostat—contains focal plane & its electronics

Focal plane

L2 Lens

L3 Lens

Camera ¾ Section

1.65 m(5’-5”)

Camera system design is well advanced

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LSST focal plane is a modular design of 21 rafts totaling 189 science sensors

4K x 4K CCD with 10µm pixels is divided into 16 1Mpix segments with individual readout

Each raft has electronics and thermal elements to be autonomous 144 Mpixel array

3X3 CCD “RAFT”

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1,380 m2 service and maintenance facility

30 m diameter dome

Control room and heat producing equipment

(lower level)

1.2 m diameter atmospheric telescope

Stray light and Wind Screen

Summit facility (fixed building) 90% design completed – 100% before end of year

Wind light screen prototype designed for mechanism and life testing

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A Peta-scale data management system has been designed for the LSST

• LSST Data Management System must deal with an unprecedented data volume.– one 6.4-gigabyte image every 17 seconds– 15 terabytes of raw scientific image data / night– 60-petabyte final image data archive– 20-petabyte final database catalog– 2 million real time events per night every night for 10 years

• Provide a highly reliable open source system to provide:– Real time alerts,– catalog data products,– image data.

• Provides the infrastructure to transport, process, and serve the data.

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Cyber infrastructure is defined and capacity has been identified to handle data volume

• Summit-Base network will be installed by the project.• Working with NSF funded network consortiums on capacity.• International protected network identified and quoted (upgraded.)

Archive /Data Center

Data Release Production at IN2P3

MOU in place – Technical details

pending

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LSST data processing pipelines are designed, and prototyped and tested in data challenges

• Data Challenges have continued every 6 months.• Unique database design to address multiple trillion row data sets.

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EPO is developing products and tools to meet the public user where they are

• Collaborating with DM on User Interface Design: Sharing UML Domain Model.

• Building Sustainable Partnerships: Outreach Advisory Board, Potential Collaborators.

• Prototyping Modules: Citizen Science, iPhone app, WWT Tour, Multiuser Touchtable interfaces.

• Documenting: Baseline Design, Subsystem Requirements, Inclusion in SysML model.

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Project ScientistZeljko Ivezic

Telescope and Site Project Manager

Bill GresslerProject Scientist

Open

Education and Public Outreach Manager

Suzanne JacobyProject Scientist

Tim Axelrod

Data Management Project Manager

Jeff KantorProject Scientist

Mario Juric

Camera Project Manager

Nadine KuritaProject ScientistAndy Rasmussen

Systems EngineerChuck Claver

Systems ScientistOpen

Chief ScientistTony Tyson

Calibration Scientist

Tim Axelrod

Image Simulation Scientist

Andy Connolly

Op. Simulation ScientistAbi Saha

Business ManagerDaniel Calabrese

Safety ManagerChuck Gessner

Management team for construction period has continuity with current staff

Director / LSSTC PresidentSidney Wolff

Deputy DirectorSteve Kahn

Project ManagerVictor Krabbendam

Science Council

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7 year 3 month schedule developed to align with camera delivery to summit in July 2019

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LSST total federal construction budget sets not to exceed levels

PMO: $41M7%

DM: $121M19%

Camera: $113M18%

T&S: $174M28%

EPO: $12M2%

Commissioning: $32M

5%

Contingency: $133M21%

Base Budget $ 492.7 M

Contingency $ 133.2 M

“Private” $ 39.0* M

$ 664.9 M

NSF Request $ 465.9 M

DOE Not to exceed $ 160.0 M

“Private” Funding $ 39.0* M

$ 664.9 M

or * Private funded construction not included in pie

chart

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• DOE yearly budget profile is included in department of Science budget

• NSF MREFC funding fits within projections

FY11

FY12

FY13

FY14

FY15

FY16

FY17

FY18

FY19

FY20

FY21

$0

$10

$20

$30

$40

$50

$60

$70

$80

$90

$100

NSF D&D

NSF CON (MREFC)

DOE

Fiscal Year

Ann

ual F

undi

ng (M

-USD

)

NSF and DOE proposed annual funding profile for LSST

FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 Total

Funding Profile (Millions - USD)

DOE 1.9 5.5 10 16 35 38 38 10 5.6 160

NSF CON 25.7 91.6 89.2 55.3 55.6 48.0 52.3 48.3 465.9

NSF D&D 4.3 4.3 8.9 7.6 25.1

Total 6.2 9.8 18.9 49.3 126.6 127.2 93.3 65.6 53.6 52.3 48.3 651.0

Construction budget profile matches each Agency’s funding plans and outlook

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LSST Project objective is “Preparing for Construction”

Highest Priority is Preparing for next Agency Reviews– CD3a and FDR late in 2013– Update/upgrade Project Management Control System

Prolonged D&D to “Time is money” construction– Maintain excellent scientific ties– Program is now constrained - Track progress toward plan

Staffing Additions– Director, Systems Engineer, PMCS, Office Administrator

Business System Updates– $10M/yr to $100M/yr organization– “Routine”, “Robust”, and some case “enhance”

Continue Technical Progress and Risk reduction

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Future home of LSST on Cerro Pachón

LSST Site

Calibration HillImage credit: David Walker

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LSST Project and Corporation have developed in preparation for MREFC Construction

• LSSTC is a 501(c) 3 founded in 2003 to build and operate the LSST

• In October 2011 LSST construction project became and Independent AURA Center

- The University of Arizona- University of Washington- National Optical Astronomy Observatory- Research Corporation for Science Advancement- Adler Planetarium- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) - California Institute of Technology- Carnegie Mellon University- Chile- Cornell University- Drexel University- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - George Mason University- Google, Inc.- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics- Institut de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3)- Johns Hopkins University- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology

- Stanford University- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Inc.

- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)- National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO - Princeton University- Purdue University- Rutgers University- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory- Space Telescope Science Institute- Texas A & M University- The Pennsylvania State University- University of California at Davis- University of California at Irvine- University of Illinois at Urbana-

Champaign- University of Michigan- University of Pennsylvania- University of Pittsburgh- Vanderbilt University

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Several key and defining requirements flowdown to the observing system

• High throughput optical system for image depth. – 8.4 meter primary aperture and 1.6 meter diameter camera lens– 3.5 degree field of view, 6 filters, fast f/1.2 beam

• Sky coverage with quick and agile telescope. – 15 second exposure – 2 second readout – 15 second exposure– “5 sec slew & settle” between visits

• Tight control of systematic error and noise.– Image quality and PSF shape control– Well baffled camera, telescope and facility

• High efficiency and duty cycle.– Repeating all night, each night for 10 years– Maintenance support to limit downtime

• High Capacity data management system– 2.5 million visits – 5 million images– 15Tb /night – 100Pb after 10 years