Large Scale Synthesis and Application of Graphene towards...
1
Large Scale Synthesis and Application of Graphene towards Transparent Conductive Thin Films Navaneet Ramabadran 13 , Armando Sandoval 2 , Gerardo Rodriguez-Melo 2 , Yirong Lin 2 1 Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5080, USA 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA 3 Materials Research Laboratory, MC 5121, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, USA Introduction o Goal: Fabricate & Characterize Graphene Oxide (G-O) thin-films electrophoreticly- deposited (EPD) on silicon and ITO substrates for enhanced optical and mechanical properties o Implement Improved Hummer’s Method for mass production of quality G-O Background o Graphene: 2-D single layer honeycomb lattice structure of Carbon Atoms o Optoelectrics & semiconductor (ex. graphene transistor) o Light-weight, ultra strong, conductive aerospace material Conclusion o Successful single layer graphene synthesis o Overall low Young’s Modulus potentially due to several layers of graphene absorbing impact of probe like a sponge o Highest Young’s Modulus occurred on less conductive side of silicon wafer o EPD potentially performed for too long Future Works Optoelectrical Testing o U-V visible spectrum o Test for absorbance/transmittance of graphene-coated ITO glass Electrical Conductivity o Construct circuit w/ oscilloscope or voltmeter Further Nanoindentation o Test samples undergone EPD for less time o Coating time vs. Young’s Modulus References Bonaccorso, F., Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari. "Graphene Photonics and Optoelectronics." Nature Photonics 4.9 (2010): 611-22. Web. 28 July 2014. Carbon Solar Cell. Digital image. World's First All-carbon Solar Cell | Chemistry World. N.p., 7 Nov. 2012. Web. 28 July 2014. Digital image. NSF - OLPA - PA/M 03-03: NSF WORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS FUTURE OF ORGANIC ELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS Images. National Science Foundation, 13 Jan. 2003. Web. 28 July 2014. Geim, A. K. "Graphene: Status and Prospects." Science 324.5934 (2009): 1530-534. Web. 28 July 2014. IPad. Digital image. How to Corner the Tech Market Again by March 30 Tech & Innovation Daily | Life inside the INNOVATION PIPELINE. Tech & Innovation Daily, 27 Feb. 2013. Web. 28 July 2014. Marcano, Daniela C., Dmitry V. Kosynkin, Jacob M. Berlin, Alexander Sinitskii, Zhengzong Sun, Alexander Slesarev, Lawrence B. Alemany, Wei Lu, and James M. Tour. "Improved Synthesis of Graphene Oxide." ACS Nano4.8 (2010): 4806-814. Web. 28 July 2014. Singh, Virendra, Daeha Joung, Lei Zhai, Soumen Das, Saiful I. Khondaker, and Sudipta Seal. "Graphene Based Materials: Past, Present and Future." Progress in Materials Science 56.8 (2011): 1178-271. Web. 28 July 2014. Solar Cells. Digital image. The Solar Brokers | Denver Solar Power. The Solar Brokers, n.d. Web. 28 July 2014. Acknowledgements Procedure Improved Hummer’s Method Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) o Apply voltage to deposit graphene on silicon wafer Results Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) o Obtain graphene geometry with electron beam Nanoindentation Device o Measure Young’s Modulus of graphene-coated silicon substrate (3) H 2 SO 4 H 3 PO 4 KMnO 4 Graphite Flakes (1) (2) Heat: 50 C Stir: 350 rpm Time: 12 hrs Day 1 Mixture Hydrogen Peroxide DI Water Ice (4) (5) Graphene Precipitates Down (6) (7) (8) (9) Day 2 Precipitate Centrifuge Tube Speed: 6500 rpm Time: 20 min Silicon Sample Point Young’s Modulus (GPa) Point 1 118.804925 Point 2 152.401519 Point 3 128.599659 Point 4 129.337888 Point 5 142.119019 Point 6 138.412831 Point 7 138.751212 Point 8 127.76004 Point 9 140.429871 Point 10 132.665212 Point 11 135.279059 Point 12 146.517444 Point 13 152.437533 Point 14 137.454462 Point 15 135.898559 Point 16 162.8522 Point 17 136.00206 Point 18 150.914564 Point 19 137.985164 Point 20 140.874997 Point 21 140.193555 Point 22 142.460444 Point 23 138.517896 Distribution 139.4204397 ±9.449691349 Graphene #1 Sample Point Young’s Modulus (GPa) Point 1 90.577517 Point 2 97.51476 Point 3 180.705363 Point 4 68.444817 Point 5 111.633704 Point 6 122.80696 Point 7 168.643063 Point 8 86.091523 Point 9 96.216501 Point 10 103.267943 Point 11 151.447378 Point 12 102.407145 Point 13 104.194216 Point 14 131.414288 Point 15 125.078159 Point 16 106.251554 Point 17 93.937905 Point 18 88.098599 Distribution 112.7072997 ±29.49253281 Graphene #2 Sample Point Young’s Modulus (GPa) Point 1 145.665665 Point 2 203.278292 Point 3 100.792398 Point 4 103.678101 Distribution 138.353614 ±47.89542794 Figure A: Upper row are schematics of inorganic (a) and organic (b) dye- sensitized solar cells where I − and l 3 − iodide and triiodide, respectively Lower row are schematics of an organic LED (d) and a photodetector (e). The cylinder in d represents an applied voltage. Figure B: a, Schematic of a capacitive touch screen. b, Resistive graphene-based touch screen. c, Schematic of a PDLC smart window using a GTCF. d, With no voltage, the liquid-crystal molecules are not aligned, making the window opaque. e, Graphene/nanotube- based smart window in either an off (left) or on (right) state.
Transcript of Large Scale Synthesis and Application of Graphene towards...
Large Scale Synthesis and Application of Graphene towards Transparent Conductive Thin Films
Navaneet Ramabadran13, Armando Sandoval2, Gerardo Rodriguez-Melo2, Yirong Lin2 1 Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5080, USA
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA 3 Materials Research Laboratory, MC 5121, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, USA
Introduction
o Goal: Fabricate & Characterize Graphene Oxide (G-O) thin-films electrophoreticly- deposited (EPD) on silicon and ITO substrates for enhanced optical and mechanical properties o Implement Improved Hummer’s Method for mass production of quality G-O
Background o Graphene: 2-D single layer honeycomb lattice structure of Carbon Atoms
o Optoelectrics & semiconductor (ex. graphene transistor) o Light-weight, ultra strong, conductive
aerospace material
Conclusion
o Successful single layer graphene synthesis o Overall low Young’s Modulus potentially due
to several layers of graphene absorbing impact of probe like a sponge
o Highest Young’s Modulus occurred on less conductive side of silicon wafer
o EPD potentially performed for too long
Future Works
Optoelectrical Testing o U-V visible spectrum o Test for absorbance/transmittance of
graphene-coated ITO glass Electrical Conductivity o Construct circuit w/ oscilloscope or
voltmeter Further Nanoindentation o Test samples undergone EPD for less time o Coating time vs. Young’s Modulus
References
Bonaccorso, F., Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari. "Graphene Photonics and Optoelectronics." Nature Photonics 4.9 (2010): 611-22. Web. 28 July 2014. Carbon Solar Cell. Digital image. World's First All-carbon Solar Cell | Chemistry World. N.p., 7 Nov. 2012. Web. 28 July 2014. Digital image. NSF - OLPA - PA/M 03-03: NSF WORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS FUTURE OF ORGANIC ELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS Images. National Science Foundation, 13 Jan. 2003. Web. 28 July 2014. Geim, A. K. "Graphene: Status and Prospects." Science 324.5934 (2009): 1530-534. Web. 28 July 2014. IPad. Digital image. How to Corner the Tech Market Again by March 30 Tech & Innovation Daily | Life inside the INNOVATION PIPELINE. Tech & Innovation Daily, 27 Feb. 2013. Web. 28 July 2014. Marcano, Daniela C., Dmitry V. Kosynkin, Jacob M. Berlin, Alexander Sinitskii, Zhengzong Sun, Alexander Slesarev, Lawrence B. Alemany, Wei Lu, and James M. Tour. "Improved Synthesis of Graphene Oxide." ACS Nano4.8 (2010): 4806-814. Web. 28 July 2014. Singh, Virendra, Daeha Joung, Lei Zhai, Soumen Das, Saiful I. Khondaker, and Sudipta Seal. "Graphene Based Materials: Past, Present and Future." Progress in Materials Science 56.8 (2011): 1178-271. Web. 28 July 2014. Solar Cells. Digital image. The Solar Brokers | Denver Solar Power. The Solar Brokers, n.d. Web. 28 July 2014.
Acknowledgements
Procedure
Improved Hummer’s Method Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) o Apply voltage to deposit graphene on silicon wafer
Results
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) o Obtain graphene geometry with electron beam
Nanoindentation Device o Measure Young’s Modulus of graphene-coated silicon substrate
(3)
H2SO4 H3PO4 KMnO4 Graphite Flakes
(1) (2)
Heat: 50 C Stir: 350 rpm Time: 12 hrs
Day 1 Mixture Hydrogen Peroxide DI Water Ice
(4) (5)
Graphene Precipitates Down
(6)
(7) (8) (9)
Day 2 Precipitate
Centrifuge Tube Speed: 6500 rpm
Time: 20 min
Silicon Sample Point
Young’s Modulus (GPa)
Point 1 118.804925 Point 2 152.401519 Point 3 128.599659 Point 4 129.337888 Point 5 142.119019 Point 6 138.412831 Point 7 138.751212 Point 8 127.76004 Point 9 140.429871 Point 10 132.665212 Point 11 135.279059 Point 12 146.517444 Point 13 152.437533 Point 14 137.454462 Point 15 135.898559 Point 16 162.8522 Point 17 136.00206 Point 18 150.914564 Point 19 137.985164 Point 20 140.874997 Point 21 140.193555 Point 22 142.460444 Point 23 138.517896 Distribution 139.4204397
±9.449691349
Graphene #1 Sample Point
Young’s Modulus (GPa)
Point 1 90.577517 Point 2 97.51476 Point 3 180.705363 Point 4 68.444817 Point 5 111.633704 Point 6 122.80696 Point 7 168.643063 Point 8 86.091523 Point 9 96.216501 Point 10 103.267943 Point 11 151.447378 Point 12 102.407145 Point 13 104.194216 Point 14 131.414288 Point 15 125.078159 Point 16 106.251554 Point 17 93.937905 Point 18 88.098599 Distribution 112.7072997
±29.49253281 Graphene #2 Sample Point
Young’s Modulus (GPa)
Point 1 145.665665 Point 2 203.278292 Point 3 100.792398 Point 4 103.678101 Distribution 138.353614
±47.89542794
Figure A: Upper row are schematics of inorganic (a) and organic (b) dye-sensitized solar cells where I− and l3− iodide and triiodide, respectively Lower row are schematics of an organic LED (d) and a photodetector (e). The cylinder in d represents an applied voltage.
Figure B: a, Schematic of a capacitive touch screen. b, Resistive graphene-based touch screen. c, Schematic of a PDLC smart window using a GTCF. d, With no voltage, the liquid-crystal molecules are not aligned, making the window opaque. e, Graphene/nanotube- based smart window in either an off (left) or on (right) state.
