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Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS...
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Transcript of Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS...
![Page 1: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In
An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST
ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007
![Page 2: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
OBJECTIVES :
• Study confined moderate releases of hydrogen :
Hydrogen stratification in the room during release depending upon release flow rate and release diameter (subsonic releases)
And diffusion mechanisms when release stops (in quiescent atmosphere)
• Based upon concentration mapping and video recording
In order to better predict when hydrogen explosive atmospheres may occur
![Page 3: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
•Test facility description :
• Experimental set up
• Measurement techniques
• Experimental Program
• Results and discussion
• Conclusion
CONTENT
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TESTS SETTING
![Page 5: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
measurement points (1 to 16)Value Unit
Widht 3.78 m
Lenght 7.2 m
height 2.88 m
Groundsurface
27.216 m2
Volume 78.382 m3
Test Chamber
Isothermal and supposed tight
16
14
13
1 4 6
8
9
10
11
12
7
88
188
138238
268
283
190140
40Vertical Plan viewcutting the release point
![Page 6: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Release orifice
"sevran 1"
P1
Th1
H2
V1V3V2
P diaph.
Mass flow control: sonic nozzle
Release orifice at the centre of the room
Release velocity: release orifice
PID
HCl conc
Pressure and temperature measurement
NH3 aq conc
NH4Cl droplets
265 mm
120 mm
P1,T1
P2,T2
P3
T3
![Page 7: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
MEASUREMENTS
![Page 8: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
O2 controllers
• Accuracy:
– O2 = 0.02% vol.
– gas = 1.5 % rel.
• Flow:– 2 l/mn
– 2 mm tube
– 9 m long
– transients 5-10 sec
3 analysers for 12 measurements points with a period of 80s (for 4 measurements)
Measurements
![Page 9: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Seeding to see...
Controlled flow of HydrogenArgon laser Rotating mirror Gas seeding device
Helium release seeded with NH4Cl
nanometric droplets
Mirror
With He only and without O2 sensors
![Page 10: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
![Page 11: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
H2 release- Realistic flow rate for moderate up to relatively severe subsonic hydrogen
release
- Up to 4 hours test duration (release and diffusion phase)
- Indirect H2 concentration measurement with O2 controllers
- No laser and no video recording (safety concerns)
Experimental Programme
Flow rate(g/s)
Release diameter(mm)
Exit velocity(m/s)
Release duration(s)
Openingstatus
(open/closed)
0,7 20 38 240 closed
0,7 20 38 240 open
1 20 53 240 closed
1 10 210 240 closed
0,2 20 11 240 closed
0,2 5 170 240 closed
![Page 12: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
He release- Volumetric flow rate conservation: same as H2 releases
- Some tests with seeding and video recording to visualise the He rich atmosphere pattern but no O2 measurements (pollution concerns)
- Some tests with indirect He concentration measurement (O2 controllers)
- Up to 4 hours test duration (release and diffusion phase)
Experimental Programme
Flow rate
(g/s)
Release diameter(mm)
Exit velocity(m/s)
Release duration(s)
Openingstatus
(open/closed)
1,84 20 55 240 closed
1,84 10 215 240 closed
0,4 5 190 240 closed
![Page 13: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
RESULTS :Video
![Page 14: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
He - 1,84 g/s - 4 minutes
10 s 120 s 235 s
First phase: Subsonic jet and stratification
- convective flow
- short time scale
![Page 15: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Diffusion: several hours
4 min 85 min 160 min
Second phase: Diffusion
- Diffusive flow
- large time scale
![Page 16: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
RESULTS :Concentration measurements
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0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Time (s)
Vo
lum
ic f
ract
ion
of H
2 (
v/v)
position 6position 8position 9position 10position 11position 12
Variation of %H2 at different heights, 1m40 aside from release
Results for a 1g/s H2 release through a 20 mm hole during 240 s and subsequent diffusion phase during 2 hours
16
14
13
1 4 6
8
9
10
11
12
7
88
188
138238
268
283
190140
40Vertical Plan viewcutting the release point
![Page 18: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Variation of %H2 at various sampling points located at the ceiling
Typical results for a 1g/s H2 release through a 20 mm hole during 240 s
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Time (s)
Vo
lum
ic f
ract
ion
of H
2 (
v/v)
position 1
position 4
position 6
position 7
16
14
13
1 4 6
8
9
10
11
12
7
88
188
138238
268
283
190140
40Vertical Plan viewcutting the release point
![Page 19: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Variation of %H2 in the jet axis
Results for a 1g/s H2 release through a 20 mm hole during 240 s
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Time (s)
Vol
umic
frac
tion
of H
2 (v
/v)
position 1
position 13
position 14
position 16
16
14
13
1 4 6
8
9
10
11
12
7
88
188
138238
268
283
190140
40Vertical Plan viewcutting the release point
![Page 20: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Time (minutes)
0,0%
0,2%
0,4%
0,6%
0,8%
1,0%
1,2%
1,4%
1,6%
1,8%
2,0%
2,2%
2,4%
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Gas
co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
%v
/v)
position 6
position 8
position 9
position 10
position 11
position 12
Homogeneous mixing concentration
16
14
13
1 4 6
8
9
10
11
12
7
88
188
138238
268
283
190140
40Vertical Plan viewcutting the release point
Variation of %H2 at different heights, 1m40 aside from release
Results for a 200mg/s H2 release through a 5 mm hole during 240 s
![Page 21: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 2 4 6 8 10
concentration %vol
Hei
ght f
rom
rel
ease
poi
nt (c
m)
1g - 20mm - 53 m/s
1g - 10mm - 210 m/s
0,2g - 10mm - 11 m/s
0,2g - 5mm - 170 m/s
Concentration Profiles at 240 s for various subsonic releases
1m40 aside from release
16
14
13
1 4 6
8
9
10
11
12
7
88
188
138238
268
283
190140
40Vertical Plan viewcutting the release point
![Page 22: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
He - 1,84 g/s - 20mm - 240sH2 - 1 g/s - 20mm - 240s
Similarity between H2 and He at same flow rate (in mole)
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Time (s)
volu
mic
fra
ctio
n o
f H2
(v/
v)
position 8 position 9 position 10 position 11 position 12
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Time (s)
volu
mic
fra
ctio
n (
v/v)
![Page 23: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Conclusions - perspectives
![Page 24: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Experimental achievements – mass control of small leakages
– released gas visualisation with large tomography
– multiport gas sampling
Physical analysis– practical study of stratification process
– study of large scale hydrogen molecular diffusion
– observations on He / H2 similarities
Numerical modelling– Data used for CFD benchmark (HySafe)
Perspectives– Deeper study of ventilation effects
– Supersonic releases in confined volume
![Page 25: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Tightness of the chamber walls and control of small leakage
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time (mn)
rela
tiv
e h
yd
rog
en
vo
lum
e in
th
e c
ha
mb
er
1g/s - orifice 10mm release diameter
0,7 g/s - orifice 20mm release diameter with theupper opening
![Page 26: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Pos 6
Pos 8
Pos 9
Pos 10
Pos 11
Pos 12
Simulated holes
D.S.csup/hi
-D.S.cinf/hi
-(/ .g. hi)0.5
Vi/hi
Variable : holes surface
Modelling hydrogen concentration in the chamber
Equivalent leak area between 90 and 170 cm2
![Page 27: Large-Scale Hydrogen Release In An Isothermal Confined Area J.M. LACOME – Y. DAGBA – D. JAMOIS – L. PERRETTE- C. PROUST ICHS- San Sebastian, sept 2007.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061522/56649eb15503460f94bb77c6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 50 100 150 200 250
Caculated velocity from mass fow rate (m/s)
Mea
sure
d v
elo
city
(m
/s)
hydrogène
helium
Comparison between measured velocity and calculated velocity with Cd = 0.68
Mass flow rate and velocity at orifice