Large-scale Electrical Energy Storage (EES) in Japan Akio... · 1 Large-scale Electrical Energy...

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Large-scale Electrical Energy Storage (EES)

in Japan

October 5, 2012

Akio NAKAMURA

Member of MSB, IEC

(Former Managing Director of TEPCO)

Open Session on

“Renewable energy and future grids”

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White Paper - Electrical Energy Storage

IEC MSB studied the market and technology on EES, and the outcomes

has been published as a white paper in December 2011.

http://www.iec.ch/whitepaper/energystorage/

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1. Overview of Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Typical roles of EES

Types of EES

2. Japan’s Experiences in EES Pumped hydro Storage

NAS (Sodium Sulfur) battery

3. NAS Battery and Integration of Renewable Energy (RE) Generation

RE generation at a geographically constrained site

RE generation on an island

4. Assembling Many Small-scale Batteries for Grid Uses Future outlook of batteries

Battery SCADA

5. Conclusion

Contents

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Role #1 of EES

Load Leveling

Customer Side: Reduce kW charge by suppressing peak demand and make

use of cheaper electricity supplied during off-peak period

Utility Side: Reduce generation cost and make more efficient use of

network facilities

1. Overview of EES

Conventional system without EES System utilizing EES

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Circuit Breaker

Normal load

Tr

PCS Battery

AC

DC

Important load

Disch

arge

Outage

AC

DC

PCS Battery

Sag

Disch

arge

Circuit Breaker

Role #2 of EES

Reliability & Power Quality Improvement at Customer side

1. Overview of EES

Power Network Power Network

High Speed Switch

Opens immediately

when a sag occurs

Save critical load from voltage sag Power supply in case of grid outage

Normal load Important load

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Role #3 of EES

Support Introduction of Renewable Energy Generation

Control output from renewable energy generation

Enhance frequency control capability (below)

1. Overview of EES

Increase of Renewable energy

Increase of Output fluctuation

e.g. Wind Power, PV

Decrease of output from

Controllable Power Plants

e.g. Thermal Power Plants

Shortage of Frequency Control Capability

Within Power System

Support by EES

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Types of EES 1. Overview of EES

Pumped Hydroelectric Compressed Air Energy Storage

Superconductive Magnetic Energy Storage Electrochemical Battery

Gen/Motor

Flywheel

Vacuum

Vessel

Gen/Motor

Gas Turbine Compressor

Fuel Combustion

room

Room for compressed air

Superconductive magnet

Cooling facility

PCS

Control & Protection

Battery PCS

Fly Wheel

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Different technologies for different applications 1. Overview of EES

Short Long

Small

Large

1 month

1 day 1 hour 1 min. 1 sec.

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Different technologies for different applications 1. Overview of EES

Rated Power

Discharge

Duration

Large

Medium

Small

Short Medium Long

Mature Developed In Development

PHS CAES SNG

SNG

H2

H2

PHS

NAS

Li-ion

RFB

CAES

LA

NAS

Li-ion

FES

DLC

FES

Li-ion

SMES RFB

Grid Uses

(100MW - GW)

(10MW – 100MW)

(kW – MW)

(Second-Minutes) (Hour-Days) (Weeks-Months)

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Installed capacity of EES in the world 1. Overview of EES

Installed capacity as of September 2010

（NAS Battery）

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Types of EES







Battery SCADA

5. Conclusion

Contents

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Generation facilities in Japan 2. Japan’s Experiences

Generation capacity by energy source in Japan, as of March 2011

Hydro, 8.5%

Pumped

Hydro,

10.6%Nuclear, 20.1%

Oil and others,

18.9%

LNG, 25.7%

Coal, 16.0%

Renewable

Energy, 0.2%

Source Capacity

Hydro 20.7 GW

Pumped hydro 25.9 GW

Coal 38.9 GW

LNG 62.5 GW

Oil 46.0 GW

Nuclear 49.0 GW

Renewable energy 0.53 GW

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Why is PHS so important in Japan? 2. Japan’s Experiences

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1:00 3:00 5:00 7:00 9:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00 23:00

Hours (h)

De

ma

nd

(%

)

Japan RWE France Italy North Europe PJM

IEEJ – The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan, 2005

Japan

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Why is PHS so important in Japan? 2. Japan’s Experiences

Courtesy of JAXA

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Adjustable Speed Pumped Storage System 2. Japan’s Experiences

In Japan, 8 plants, 1750MW in total, operating including

30MW seawater pumped hydro storage.

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Development of NAS battery 2. Japan’s Experiences

Construction of new pumped hydro stations

was estimated to become difficult due to

Shortage of appropriate site

Environmental concerns

Pumped storage

Hydro situation

in 1980

While it could be installed at any place,

Capability was insufficient

R&D was not so energetic as now

Battery

situation

in 1980

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Installed capacity of NAS battery 2. Japan’s Experiences

185MW, 99 sites (96 at customer sites, 3 at substations),

in TEPCO service area

316 MW, 223 locations, in the world

TEPCO decided to lead the development of NAS battery,

and commercialized it in 2002.

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Types of EES







Battery SCADA

5. Conclusion

Contents

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Wind turbines

Interconnected power transformation unit

Administration/control building PCS building

NAS battery units

Futamata windfarm : The Japan Wind Development Co. Ltd.

Wind Turbines: 51 MW

1,500 kW x 34 units

NAS Battery: 34 MW

2,000 kW x 17 units

Located in Aomori prefecture since 2008

Making RE generation grid-friendly at Futamata windfarm 3. NAS Battery and RE generation

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Making RE generation grid-friendly at Futamata windfarm 3. NAS Battery and RE generation

Example operational results of constant output control over 8 hours

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Making RE generation grid-friendly in Hachijo-island 3. NAS Battery and RE generation

Hachijo-island (240km south of Tokyo)

Population: 8,273 (as of August 31,2012 )

Power demand

•Peak: 11,000 kW

•Off-peak: 3,500 kW

Generation facilities

•Thermal: 11,100 kW

•Geothermal: 3,300 kW

•Wind: 500kW

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachij%C5%8D-jima

400kW NAS battery at the wind generation

site for field test (from Aug. 2000 to Feb.

2002)

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Making RE generation grid-friendly in Hachijo-island 3. NAS Battery and RE generation

Wind generation output

NAS Battery output

Time [s]

Ou

tpu

t [k

W]

Total 600

500

400

300

200

100

0

-100

-200

-300 0 60 120 180 240 300

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Types of EES







Battery SCADA

5. Conclusion

Contents

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4. Assembling small batteries

What may happen by Battery Advancement?

Progress of battery capability and price down of battery is expected,

Assembling batteries for many applications.

Plenty of batteries will be introduced at customer and utility sides.

These batteries are small size, dispersed and used independently.

For frequency control of power systems

For load leveling of power systems

For power flow control of transmission lines

(Importance of these applications becomes larger in accordance

with the introduction of renewable energy generation.)

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Technology to effectively assemble dispersed batteries

(Battery SCADA)

Distributed batteries at customer and utility sides can be dealt with

like a virtual large capacity battery by being assembled.

It enables grid operators to comprehensively utilize batteries with

different specifications made by different manufacturers for:

Frequency control of power systems

Load leveling of power systems

Power flow control of transmission lines

Battery SCADA

SCADA; Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition


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Schematic diagram of battery SCADA

Dispersed batteries can be totally assembled

and effectively utilized by Battery SCADA

Control center

(Grid control)

Customer side Advantages of comprehensive

battery control

Optimum operation for grid

control

Flexible assignment of batteries’

capability to various applications Battery

SCADA

Advantages of virtual large capacity battery

Easier utilization

Easier location

Step by step introduction of batteries

Utility side

Utility side

Information

collection and

Command

distribution

Interface

Interface


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Research on Battery SCADA


Battery SCADA will be tested in the demonstration project

with the integration of:

Large-scale Li-ion batteries, 800 kW in total, at a substation.

22kW Li-ion battery, simulating a battery system in a building.

Three 3.5 kW batteries, simulating the ones in houses and stores.

Demonstration of Battery SCADA, developed by utilities and manufacturers, will be implemented from 2012 to 2014 in Yokohama City.

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Types of EES







Battery SCADA

5. Conclusion

Contents

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5. Conclusion

Conclusion

For Grid integrations of RE generation

Enhance the flexibility of power grids

Conventional generation, pumped hydro storage

NAS Battery to improve the flexibility of RE generation in addition to

responding to customer needs

Integration of RE generation to weak power grids

Efficient use of small size but a large amount of batteries by SCADA

Not only respond to the local needs at storage sites but also

be used for frequency control, load leveling for total system and

power flow control of transmission lines

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Thank you for your attention.

Large-scale Electrical Energy Storage (EES) in Japan Akio... · 1 Large-scale Electrical Energy...

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